Tzigane is a rhapsodic composition by the French composer Maurice Ravel. The original instrumentation was for violin and piano (with optional luthéal attachment). The first performance took place in London on 26 April 1924 with the dedicatee, Hungarian violinist Jelly d'Arányi, on the violin and Henri Gil-Marchex at the piano (with luthéal). In his biographical sketch of 1928[1] Ravel spoke of it as "a virtuoso piece in the style of a Hungarian rhapsody". It consists of "a string of successive variations juxtaposed without development".[2]
In the early 1920s had been planning a piece for violin and piano for his closest female friend, Hélène Jourdan-Morhange. Around the same time Ravel got to know d'Arányi when she played his Sonata for Violin and Cello with Hans Kindler in London, and afterwards regaled the composer with a selection of folk-tunes from her country.[3] In the ensuing two years Ravel put aside the sonata he had intended for Jourdan-Morhange, who by then had retired from playing due to a chronic illness, and wrote the Tzigane.
The luthéal was a new piano attachment (first patented in 1919) with several tone-colour registrations which could be engaged by pulling stops above the keyboard. One of these registrations had a cimbalom-like sound, which fitted well with the gypsy tone of the composition.[4] The original score of Tzigane included instructions for these register-changes during execution. The luthéal, however, did not achieve permanence. By the end of the 20th century the first print of the accompaniment with luthéal was still available at the publishers, but by that time the attachment had long since disappeared from use.
The name of the piece is derived from the generic European term for "gypsy" (in French: gitan, tsigane or tzigane rather than the Hungariancigány) although it does not use any authentic Gypsy melodies.
Musicedit
The composition is in one movement, with an approximate duration of ten minutes, scored for strings and harp, double woodwind, two horns in F, one trumpet in C, celeste, triangle, timbre, and cymbal.[7] The opening is marked 'Lento, quasi cadenza' and is for solo violin, playing on the G string for the first 28 bars; Jankélévitch describes the preamble (Lassan) as "superior exercises - runs, staccato notes, trills and mordents". Then follow a succession of "gipsy improvisations - the Friska, then the Czardas", at the end of which "the rhapsody becomes impatient and runs feverishly through all kinds of successive tonalities without retaining any of them".[2]
Referencesedit
^Dictated to Roland-Manuel, and quoted in Roland-Manuel. Maurice Ravel. Dennis Dobson Ltd, London, 1947, p91.
^ abJankélévitch, Vladimir. Ravel (translated by Margaret Crosland, Evergreen Profile Book 3. Grove Press, New York & John Calder, London, 1959, p61.
tzigane, other, uses, disambiguation, rhapsodic, composition, french, composer, maurice, ravel, original, instrumentation, violin, piano, with, optional, luthéal, attachment, first, performance, took, place, london, april, 1924, with, dedicatee, hungarian, vio. For other uses see Tzigane disambiguation Tzigane is a rhapsodic composition by the French composer Maurice Ravel The original instrumentation was for violin and piano with optional lutheal attachment The first performance took place in London on 26 April 1924 with the dedicatee Hungarian violinist Jelly d Aranyi on the violin and Henri Gil Marchex at the piano with lutheal In his biographical sketch of 1928 1 Ravel spoke of it as a virtuoso piece in the style of a Hungarian rhapsody It consists of a string of successive variations juxtaposed without development 2 Contents 1 Background 2 Music 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBackground editIn the early 1920s had been planning a piece for violin and piano for his closest female friend Helene Jourdan Morhange Around the same time Ravel got to know d Aranyi when she played his Sonata for Violin and Cello with Hans Kindler in London and afterwards regaled the composer with a selection of folk tunes from her country 3 In the ensuing two years Ravel put aside the sonata he had intended for Jourdan Morhange who by then had retired from playing due to a chronic illness and wrote the Tzigane The lutheal was a new piano attachment first patented in 1919 with several tone colour registrations which could be engaged by pulling stops above the keyboard One of these registrations had a cimbalom like sound which fitted well with the gypsy tone of the composition 4 The original score of Tzigane included instructions for these register changes during execution The lutheal however did not achieve permanence By the end of the 20th century the first print of the accompaniment with lutheal was still available at the publishers but by that time the attachment had long since disappeared from use Ravel soon orchestrated the piano part and the version for violin and orchestra was first performed in Amsterdam on 19 October 1924 with Pierre Monteux conducting the Concertgebouw and Samuel Dushkin as soloist 5 On 30 November 1924 the Paris premiere featured Jelly d Aranyi with the Concerts Colonne under the direction of Gabriel Pierne The first performance of the version with piano without lutheal was by Robert Soetens in 1925 6 The name of the piece is derived from the generic European term for gypsy in French gitan tsigane or tzigane rather than the Hungarian cigany although it does not use any authentic Gypsy melodies Music editThe composition is in one movement with an approximate duration of ten minutes scored for strings and harp double woodwind two horns in F one trumpet in C celeste triangle timbre and cymbal 7 The opening is marked Lento quasi cadenza and is for solo violin playing on the G string for the first 28 bars Jankelevitch describes the preamble Lassan as superior exercises runs staccato notes trills and mordents Then follow a succession of gipsy improvisations the Friska then the Czardas at the end of which the rhapsody becomes impatient and runs feverishly through all kinds of successive tonalities without retaining any of them 2 References edit Dictated to Roland Manuel and quoted in Roland Manuel Maurice Ravel Dennis Dobson Ltd London 1947 p91 a b Jankelevitch Vladimir Ravel translated by Margaret Crosland Evergreen Profile Book 3 Grove Press New York amp John Calder London 1959 p61 Larner Gerald Maurice Ravel Phaidon Press Ltd London 1996 p179 180 Cotte Roger J V 2001 Lutheal Piano Lutheal The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Canarina John Pierre Monteux Maitre Pompton Plains New Jersey Amadeus Press 2003 p341 Anderson Martin 5 December 1997 Obituary Robert Soetens The Independent London Ravel Tzigane Rapsodie de Concert pour Violon et Orchestre Durand amp Cie Paris 1957 Further reading editHuebner Steven February 2020 Ravel s Tzigane Artful Mask or Kitsch Twentieth Century Music 17 1 63 86 doi 10 1017 S1478572219000367 S2CID 211644867 External links editTzigane Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Tzigane Movie Portal nbsp Classical Music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tzigane amp oldid 1220827960, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
