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Turks in Austria

January 09, 2023

Turks in Austria, also referred to as Turkish Austrians and Austrian Turks, (German: Türken in Österreich; Turkish: Avusturya'daki Türkler) are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Austria. They form the largest ethnic minority group in the country; thus, the Turks are the second largest ethnic group in Austria after the ethnic Austrian people.[5] The majority of Austrian Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however, there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Austria from the Balkans (especially from Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Romania), the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq and Syria.

Austrian Turks
Turkish day in Vienna, Austria (2009)
Total population
Austrians of Turkish origin:
360,000[1] to over 500,000[2][3][4]
(2010/11 estimates)
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam (including practising and non-practising)
Minority Alevism, other religions, or irreligious

History

Turkish migration from the Republic of Turkey

Turkish people were recruited to Austria as Gastarbeiter (guest workers) for the construction and export industries following an agreement with the Turkish government in 1964. From 1973 the policy of encouraging guest workers ended and restrictive immigration laws were introduced, first with the 1975 Aliens Employment Act, setting quotas on work permits, and then the 1992 Residence Act, which set quotas for residency permits without the right to work. A more restrictive system was put in place in 1997 and further limits imposed in 2006.

Since the 1970s Turks living and working in Austria have focused on family reunification and on seeking Austrian citizenship, for which they need to have lived in Austria for 10 years.

 
Turkish day in Vienna, Austria (2009).

Turkish migration from the Balkans

Bulgaria

Initially, Turkish Bulgarians came to Austria after fleeing the height of the Bulgarisation policies in the late 1980s, known as the so-called "Revival Process", when the communist ruler Todor Zivkov introduced an assimilation campaign in which Turks were forced to change their Turkish names for Bulgarian names, followed by the banning of the Turkish language and ethnic cleansing. Approximately 1,000 Turkish Bulgarians took refuge in Austria where they have since stayed permanently.[6]

The social network of the first wave of political emigration of Turkish Bulgarians became the basis of labour migration to Western Europe after the collapse of the totalitarian regime in Bulgaria in late 1989. Thus, the preservation of kinship has opened an opportunity for many Turkish Bulgarian to continue to migrate to Western Europe, especially to Austria, Germany and Sweden.[7]

More recently, once Bulgaria became a member of the European Union during the 2007 enlargement, the number of Turkish Bulgarian migrants in Austria increased further due to their freedom of movement rights as EU citizens. Thus, Turkish Bulgarian emigration to Austria in the twenty-first century has been dictated by the economic situation and the stagnation of the labour market in Bulgaria.[7]

In the 2010s, the Turkish-dominated Movement for Rights and Freedoms political party in Bulgaria has been mobalising hundreds of Turkish Bulgarians in Austria, Germany and Spain.[8]

Greece

The first mass migration of the Turkish minority of Western Thrace (located in Greece) to Austria began in the 1960s and intensified further between 1970-2010 due to political and economic reasons.[9][10] In general, these migrants intended to return to Greece after working for a number of years; however, the Greek government used Article 19 of the 1955 Greek Constitution to strip members of the Turkish minority living abroad of their Greek citizenship.[9][11] According to Article 19 of the Greek Constitution:

A person of non-Greek ethnic origin leaving Greece without the intention of returning may be declared as having lost Greek nationality.[11]

A report published by the Human Rights Watch in 1990 confirmed that:

Under Article 19, ethnic Turks can be stripped of their citizenship by an administrative decree, without a hearing. According to the U.S. State Department's 1989 Country Report, under Greek law there can be no judicial review and there is no effective right of appeal.[11]

Consequently, many ethnic Turks were forced to remain in the Western European countries they had settled in, which, in turn, also established the permanent Turkish Western Thracian community in Austria.[9]

More recently, the second mass migration wave of ethnic Turks from Greece has been significantly larger in numbers, although it occurred only within eight years, between 2010-18, due to the Greek government-debt crisis.[10]

Kosovo

Initially, Turkish Kosovars came to Austria when Kosovo was still part of Yugoslavia. The ethnic Turkish minority joined other Yugoslav citizens (i.e. Albanians, Bosnians, Serbs etc.) in migrating as "guest workers" in the 1960s and 1970s and then later brought their family members to Austria too. More recently, Kosovo Turks have also arrived as refugees during the Kosovo war (1998-99). The Turkish Kosovar community in Austria have been active in lobbying for the opening of more Turkish schools in the Balkans.[12]

North Macedonia

The Turkish Macedonians first began to arrive in Austria as "guest workers" in the 1960s and 1970s alongside other citizens from Yugoslavia. Since North Macedonia gained independence in 1991, ethnic Turks have continued to migrate to Austria. In 2021, Furkan Çako, who is a former Macedonian minister and member of the Security Council, urged Turkish Macedonians living in Austria to participate in North Macedonia's 2021 census.[13]

Romania

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, there has been a significant decrease in the population of the Turkish Romanian minority group due to the admission of Romania into the European Union and the subsequent relaxation of the travelling and migration regulations. Hence, Turkish Romanians, especially from the Dobruja region, have joined other Romanian citizens (e.g. ethnic Romanians, Tatars, etc.) in migrating mostly to Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain and the UK.[14]

Turkish migration from the Levant

Cyprus

The majority of the Turkish Cypriots left the island of Cyprus due to economic and political reasons in the 20th century. Traditionally, most who migrated to Western Europe settled in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Austria.[15] The majority of Turkish Cypriots in Austria arrived after 1974, following the coup d'état by the Greek military junta and then the reactionary Turkish invasion of the island.[15] More recently, with the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, Turkish Cypriots have had the freedom of movement rights to live and work across the European Union, including in Austria, as EU citizens.

The TRNC provides assistance to its Turkish Cypriots residents living in Austria via TRNC Representative Office located in Gaming; in addition, the office promotes friendly relations between the TRNC and Austria, as well as economic and cultural relations.[16]

Syria

Thousands of Syrian Turks, alongside ethnic Arabs, Syrian Kurds and other minority groups in Syria, fleeing the Syrian civil war, came to Austria during the European migrant crisis of 2014–19 as Syrian refugees. This mass migration accelerated on 4 September 2015, when Chancellor Werner Faymann of Austria, in conjunction with Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, announced that migrants would be allowed to cross the border from Hungary into Austria and Germany.[17]

Population

 
The Yunus-Emre-Fountain, located in the Türkenschanzpark [de] ("Turkish Entrenchment Park"), Währing, was gifted to Austria by the Republic of Turkey in 1991.

The Turkish Austrian community is made up of ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from Turkey and their Austrian-born descendants as well as ethnic Turkish communities which originate from the Balkans (especially from Bulgaria, Greece and Romania) and the Levant (mainly from Cyprus and Syria). Consequently, official statistics published by the Austrian state does not provide a true reflection of people who self-identify fully, or partially, as Turkish because citizens in Austria are not given the opportunity to declare their ethnicity in official censuses.

In 2010 Ariel Muzicant said that the Turks in Austria already numbered 400,000.[1] A report by the Initiative Minderheiten suggested a lower figure of 360,000 people of Turkish origin in 2011,[1] which was also echoed by the former Austrian Foreign Minister and current Chancellor of Austria Sebastian Kurz.[18] Another estimate by the former Austrian MEP, Andreas Mölzer, has claimed that there are 500,000 Turks in the country.[3] Similarly, a report by The Guardian in 2011 said that the Turkish community in Austria outnumbers the 500,000 British Turks.[4]

Settlements

The Turkish Austrian community live throughout the big cities such as Vienna and Salzburg. In addition, there are large communities in smaller towns; for example, in the market town of Telfs the Turkish community form approximately 20% of the population.[19]

Notable people

See also: List of Turkish Austrians

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Warum die Türken? (PDF), vol. 78, Initiative Minderheiten, 2011, Was sind die Gründe für dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360.000 Menschen türkischer Herkunft?
  2. ^ Weiss, Alexia. "Erheblicher Anstieg antisemitischer Vorfälle in Wien". Jüdische Allgemeine. Retrieved 3 November 2020. Muzicant wandte sich am Donnerstag in einem Brief an alle Gemeindemitglieder. Er sichert darin Hilfe der IKG zu und ruft alle, die Opfer solcher Übergriffe werden, auf, sich bei der Kultusgemeinde zu melden und Anzeige bei der Polizei zu erstatten. »Wir dürfen nicht zulassen, dass der Antisemitismus jetzt auf die 400.000 in Österreich lebenden Türken übergreift.«
  3. ^ a b Mölzer, Andreas. "In Österreich leben geschätzte 500.000 Türken, aber kaum mehr als 10–12.000 Slowenen". Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  4. ^ a b Travis, Alan (1 August 2011). "UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2011. The Home Office says that there are about 150,000 Turkish nationals living in Britain at present, with about 500,000 people of Turkish origin living in the country altogether. But Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and France all have larger Turkish communities which are more likely to attract a new wave of legal migration.
  5. ^ "Austria", Annual Report on International Religious Freedom 2007, February 2008, 110-2 Report, United States Government Publishing Office, 2008, p. 253, By far the largest ethnic group is Turkish, of which 123,000 have Turkish citizenship, Many more ethnic Turks are Austrian citizens.
  6. ^ Borovska, Milena (2011), Eine Minderheit in der Minderheit, Die Presse, retrieved 8 May 2021
  7. ^ a b Maeva, Mila (2011), "Миграция и мобилност на българските турци – преселници в края на ХХ и началото на ХХІ век", Миграции от двете страни на българо-турската граница: наследства, идентичности, интеркултурни взаимодействия., Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, pp. 49–50, ISBN 978-954-8458-41-2
  8. ^ Paunova, Polina (2014), ДПС мобилизира за изборите стотици гастарбайтери в Западна Европа, Media Pool, retrieved 8 May 2021
  9. ^ a b c Avrupa'da Batı Trakya Batı Trakya Türkleri Gerçeği ve Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu, Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu, retrieved 8 May 2021, Avustralya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Kanada gibi uzak ülkelerin dışında aralarında Hollanda, İngiltere, İsveç, Fransa, Belçika ve Avusturya gibi ülkelerde de sayısı yadsınamayacak bir Batı Trakyalı Türk kitlesi yaşamaktadır.
  10. ^ a b Arif, Nazmi (2018), , TRT, archived from the original on 14 February 2021, retrieved 12 November 2020
  11. ^ a b c Whitman, Lois (1990), Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Turks of Greece, Human Rights Watch, pp. 11–12, ISBN 978-0929692708
  12. ^ Avusturya'da yaşayan Kosovalılar, Balkanlara daha fazla Türk okulu istiyor, Beyaz Gazete, 2011, retrieved 8 May 2021
  13. ^ Kuzey Makedonya'daki Nüfus Sayımına Davet: Sonuçlar, Kuzey Makedonya'nın Kurucu Unsuru Türklerin Tapusudur, Tamga Türk, 2021, retrieved 21 May 2021, Furkan Çako, yurt dışında yaşayan Makedonya Türklerini, ülkedeki nüfus sayımına katılmaya ve kendilerini Türk olarak kaydettirmeye çağırdı. Diplomatımız, Twitter hesabından yaptığı çağrıda şu ifadeleri kullandı: Ülkemizde devam eden #NüfusSayımı2021 sürecine katılmak ve kaydınızı #Türk olarak gerçekleştirmek için yurtdışında yaşayan ve Türkiye, Slovakya, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Almanya, Avusturya, İsviçre, İtalya ve İsveç'te bulunan vatandaşlarımız aşağıdaki bilgilerden yararlanabilirler.
  14. ^ Catalina Andreea, Mihai (2016), Cultural resilience or the Interethnic Dobrujan Model as a Black Sea alternative to EuroIslam in the Romanian Turkish-Tatar community, University of Bergamo, p. 150
  15. ^ a b Yurtdışındaki Kıbrıslı Türk sayısı 645 bin, Kıbrıs Postası, 2015, retrieved 13 February 2021.
  16. ^ North Cyprus Missions Abroad, CypNet, retrieved 10 May 2021
  17. ^ Rick Lyman; Anemona Hartocollis & Alison Smale (4 September 2015). "Migrants Cross Austria Border From Hungary". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  18. ^ Turkey angry after Erdogan is told he can't campaign in Austria, The Local, 2017, Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz said Erdogan is "not welcome" to hold campaign events, adding that it would "increase friction" in Austria and prevent the integration of a 360,000-strong minority of Turkish origin.
  19. ^ Austrian town shines out as example of co-existence, Anadolu Agency, 2019, retrieved 27 July 2021

Bibliography

  • Abadan-Unat, Nermin (1976), Turkish Workers in Europe 1960-1975: A Socio-economic Reappraisal, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-04478-7.
  • Abbott, John S. C. (2007), The Empire of Austria: Its Rise and Present Power, BiblioBazaar, ISBN 978-1-4264-9252-5.
  • Ache, Peter (2008), Cities Between Competitiveness and Cohesion: Discourses, Realities and Implementation, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-8240-5.
  • Akgündüz, Ahmet (2008), Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960-1974: A Multidisciplinary Analysis, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7546-7390-3.
  • Bauböck, Rainer (2006), Migration and Citizenship: Legal Status, Rights and Political Participation, Amsterdam University Press, ISBN 90-5356-888-3.
  • Bhatia, Tej K.; Ritchie, William C. (2006), The Handbook of Bilingualism, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-22735-0.
  • Boswell, Christina; Royal Institute of International Affairs (2003), European Migration Policies in Flux: Changing Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0296-9.
  • Dana, Leo Paul (2008), Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship: A Co-evolutionary View on Resource Management, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84542-733-7.
  • Frejka, Tomaš; Hoem, Jan Michael; Toulemon, Laurent; Sobotka, Tomáš (2008), Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe, Books on Demand, ISBN 978-3-8370-6187-1.
  • Hunter, Shireen (2002), Islam, Europe's Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-275-97609-2.
  • Kasaba, Reşat (2008), The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 4, Turkey in the Modern World, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3.
  • Kohl, Katrin Maria; Robertson, Ritchie (2006), A History of Austrian Literature 1918-2000, Boydell & Brewer, ISBN 1-57113-276-7.
  • Martin, Philip L.; Weil, Patrick (2006), Managing Migration: The Promise of Cooperation, Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-1341-0.
  • Matzka, Christian (2009), Austria and Turkey: their burden of histories (PDF), University of Vienna
  • Nielsen, Jørgen S. (2004), Muslims in Western Europe, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0-7486-1844-9.
  • Nikolov, Marianne; Curtain, Helena (2000), An Early Start: Young Learners and Modern Languages in Europe and Beyond, Council of Europe, ISBN 92-871-4411-7.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008), International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2008, OECD Publishing, ISBN 978-92-64-04565-1.
  • Panayi, Panikos (1999), Outsiders: A History of European Minorities, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 1-85285-179-1.
  • Plender, Richard (1988), International Migration Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN 90-247-3604-8.
  • Potz, Richard; Wieshaider, Wolfgang (2004), Islam and the European Union, Peeters Publishers, ISBN 90-429-1445-9.
  • Statistik Austria (2017), Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002, Statistik Austria
  • Waardenburg, Jacques (2003), Muslims and Others: Relations in Context, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-017627-0.

Further reading

  • Kroissenbrunner, Sabine (July 2003), "Islam and Muslim Immigrants in Austria: Socio-Political Networks and Muslim Leadership of Turkish Immigrants", Immigrants and Minorities, 22 (2–3): 188–207, doi:10.1080/0261928042000244826, S2CID 143680602.
  • Wets, Joha (March 2006), "The Turkish Community in Austria and Belgium: The Challenge of Integration", Turkish Studies, 7 (1): 85–100, doi:10.1080/14683840500520600, S2CID 144525781.

External links

  • Austria signals policy changes for better relations with Turkey

January 09, 2023
turks, austria, also, referred, turkish, austrians, austrian, turks, german, türken, österreich, turkish, avusturya, daki, türkler, people, turkish, ethnicity, living, austria, they, form, largest, ethnic, minority, group, country, thus, turks, second, largest. Turks in Austria also referred to as Turkish Austrians and Austrian Turks German Turken in Osterreich Turkish Avusturya daki Turkler are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Austria They form the largest ethnic minority group in the country thus the Turks are the second largest ethnic group in Austria after the ethnic Austrian people 5 The majority of Austrian Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey however there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Austria from the Balkans especially from Bulgaria Greece Kosovo North Macedonia and Romania the island of Cyprus and more recently Iraq and Syria Austrian TurksTurkish day in Vienna Austria 2009 Total populationAustrians of Turkish origin 360 000 1 to over 500 000 2 3 4 2010 11 estimates Regions with significant populationsBurgenlandCarinthiaLower AustriaSalzburgStyriaTyrolUpper AustriaVorarlbergViennaLanguagesTurkishGermanReligionPredominantly Sunni Islam including practising and non practising Minority Alevism other religions or irreligious Contents 1 History 1 1 Turkish migration from the Republic of Turkey 1 2 Turkish migration from the Balkans 1 2 1 Bulgaria 1 2 2 Greece 1 2 3 Kosovo 1 2 4 North Macedonia 1 2 5 Romania 1 3 Turkish migration from the Levant 1 3 1 Cyprus 1 3 2 Syria 2 Population 2 1 Settlements 3 Notable people 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditTurkish migration from the Republic of Turkey Edit Turkish people were recruited to Austria as Gastarbeiter guest workers for the construction and export industries following an agreement with the Turkish government in 1964 From 1973 the policy of encouraging guest workers ended and restrictive immigration laws were introduced first with the 1975 Aliens Employment Act setting quotas on work permits and then the 1992 Residence Act which set quotas for residency permits without the right to work A more restrictive system was put in place in 1997 and further limits imposed in 2006 Since the 1970s Turks living and working in Austria have focused on family reunification and on seeking Austrian citizenship for which they need to have lived in Austria for 10 years Turkish day in Vienna Austria 2009 Turkish migration from the Balkans Edit Bulgaria Edit Initially Turkish Bulgarians came to Austria after fleeing the height of the Bulgarisation policies in the late 1980s known as the so called Revival Process when the communist ruler Todor Zivkov introduced an assimilation campaign in which Turks were forced to change their Turkish names for Bulgarian names followed by the banning of the Turkish language and ethnic cleansing Approximately 1 000 Turkish Bulgarians took refuge in Austria where they have since stayed permanently 6 The social network of the first wave of political emigration of Turkish Bulgarians became the basis of labour migration to Western Europe after the collapse of the totalitarian regime in Bulgaria in late 1989 Thus the preservation of kinship has opened an opportunity for many Turkish Bulgarian to continue to migrate to Western Europe especially to Austria Germany and Sweden 7 More recently once Bulgaria became a member of the European Union during the 2007 enlargement the number of Turkish Bulgarian migrants in Austria increased further due to their freedom of movement rights as EU citizens Thus Turkish Bulgarian emigration to Austria in the twenty first century has been dictated by the economic situation and the stagnation of the labour market in Bulgaria 7 In the 2010s the Turkish dominated Movement for Rights and Freedoms political party in Bulgaria has been mobalising hundreds of Turkish Bulgarians in Austria Germany and Spain 8 Greece Edit The first mass migration of the Turkish minority of Western Thrace located in Greece to Austria began in the 1960s and intensified further between 1970 2010 due to political and economic reasons 9 10 In general these migrants intended to return to Greece after working for a number of years however the Greek government used Article 19 of the 1955 Greek Constitution to strip members of the Turkish minority living abroad of their Greek citizenship 9 11 According to Article 19 of the Greek Constitution A person of non Greek ethnic origin leaving Greece without the intention of returning may be declared as having lost Greek nationality 11 A report published by the Human Rights Watch in 1990 confirmed that Under Article 19 ethnic Turks can be stripped of their citizenship by an administrative decree without a hearing According to the U S State Department s 1989 Country Report under Greek law there can be no judicial review and there is no effective right of appeal 11 Consequently many ethnic Turks were forced to remain in the Western European countries they had settled in which in turn also established the permanent Turkish Western Thracian community in Austria 9 More recently the second mass migration wave of ethnic Turks from Greece has been significantly larger in numbers although it occurred only within eight years between 2010 18 due to the Greek government debt crisis 10 Kosovo Edit Initially Turkish Kosovars came to Austria when Kosovo was still part of Yugoslavia The ethnic Turkish minority joined other Yugoslav citizens i e Albanians Bosnians Serbs etc in migrating as guest workers in the 1960s and 1970s and then later brought their family members to Austria too More recently Kosovo Turks have also arrived as refugees during the Kosovo war 1998 99 The Turkish Kosovar community in Austria have been active in lobbying for the opening of more Turkish schools in the Balkans 12 North Macedonia Edit The Turkish Macedonians first began to arrive in Austria as guest workers in the 1960s and 1970s alongside other citizens from Yugoslavia Since North Macedonia gained independence in 1991 ethnic Turks have continued to migrate to Austria In 2021 Furkan Cako who is a former Macedonian minister and member of the Security Council urged Turkish Macedonians living in Austria to participate in North Macedonia s 2021 census 13 Romania Edit Since the beginning of the twenty first century there has been a significant decrease in the population of the Turkish Romanian minority group due to the admission of Romania into the European Union and the subsequent relaxation of the travelling and migration regulations Hence Turkish Romanians especially from the Dobruja region have joined other Romanian citizens e g ethnic Romanians Tatars etc in migrating mostly to Germany Austria Italy Spain and the UK 14 Turkish migration from the Levant Edit Cyprus Edit The majority of the Turkish Cypriots left the island of Cyprus due to economic and political reasons in the 20th century Traditionally most who migrated to Western Europe settled in the United Kingdom Germany France the Netherlands and Austria 15 The majority of Turkish Cypriots in Austria arrived after 1974 following the coup d etat by the Greek military junta and then the reactionary Turkish invasion of the island 15 More recently with the 2004 enlargement of the European Union Turkish Cypriots have had the freedom of movement rights to live and work across the European Union including in Austria as EU citizens The TRNC provides assistance to its Turkish Cypriots residents living in Austria via TRNC Representative Office located in Gaming in addition the office promotes friendly relations between the TRNC and Austria as well as economic and cultural relations 16 Syria Edit Thousands of Syrian Turks alongside ethnic Arabs Syrian Kurds and other minority groups in Syria fleeing the Syrian civil war came to Austria during the European migrant crisis of 2014 19 as Syrian refugees This mass migration accelerated on 4 September 2015 when Chancellor Werner Faymann of Austria in conjunction with Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany announced that migrants would be allowed to cross the border from Hungary into Austria and Germany 17 Population Edit The Yunus Emre Fountain located in the Turkenschanzpark de Turkish Entrenchment Park Wahring was gifted to Austria by the Republic of Turkey in 1991 The Turkish Austrian community is made up of ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from Turkey and their Austrian born descendants as well as ethnic Turkish communities which originate from the Balkans especially from Bulgaria Greece and Romania and the Levant mainly from Cyprus and Syria Consequently official statistics published by the Austrian state does not provide a true reflection of people who self identify fully or partially as Turkish because citizens in Austria are not given the opportunity to declare their ethnicity in official censuses In 2010 Ariel Muzicant said that the Turks in Austria already numbered 400 000 1 A report by the Initiative Minderheiten suggested a lower figure of 360 000 people of Turkish origin in 2011 1 which was also echoed by the former Austrian Foreign Minister and current Chancellor of Austria Sebastian Kurz 18 Another estimate by the former Austrian MEP Andreas Molzer has claimed that there are 500 000 Turks in the country 3 Similarly a report by The Guardian in 2011 said that the Turkish community in Austria outnumbers the 500 000 British Turks 4 Settlements Edit The Turkish Austrian community live throughout the big cities such as Vienna and Salzburg In addition there are large communities in smaller towns for example in the market town of Telfs the Turkish community form approximately 20 of the population 19 Notable people EditSee also List of Turkish Austrians Cem Atan football player Vahide Aydin politician Turhan Bey actor Ekrem Dag football player Yusuf Demir football player Efgani Donmez de politician Hikmet Ersek CEO of Western Union Oguz Galeli de actor Emel Heinreich actress author and film director Veli Kavlak football player Alev Korun politician Murathan Muslu de actor Ferhan amp Ferzan Onder pianists Ramazan Ozcan football player Yasin Pehlivan football player Fatima Spar de jazz musician Nurten Yilmaz de politician Selma Yildirim politicianSee also EditList of Turkish Austrians Austria Turkey relations Turks in Europe Turks in Germany Turks in Hungary Turks in Italy Turks in Liechtenstein Turks in SwitzerlandReferences Edit a b c Warum die Turken PDF vol 78 Initiative Minderheiten 2011 Was sind die Grunde fur dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360 000 Menschen turkischer Herkunft Weiss Alexia Erheblicher Anstieg antisemitischer Vorfalle in Wien Judische Allgemeine Retrieved 3 November 2020 Muzicant wandte sich am Donnerstag in einem Brief an alle Gemeindemitglieder Er sichert darin Hilfe der IKG zu und ruft alle die Opfer solcher Ubergriffe werden auf sich bei der Kultusgemeinde zu melden und Anzeige bei der Polizei zu erstatten Wir durfen nicht zulassen dass der Antisemitismus jetzt auf die 400 000 in Osterreich lebenden Turken ubergreift a b Molzer Andreas In Osterreich leben geschatzte 500 000 Turken aber kaum mehr als 10 12 000 Slowenen Archived from the original on 2012 07 22 Retrieved 30 October 2020 a b Travis Alan 1 August 2011 UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration say MPs The Guardian Retrieved 1 August 2011 The Home Office says that there are about 150 000 Turkish nationals living in Britain at present with about 500 000 people of Turkish origin living in the country altogether But Germany Austria the Netherlands and France all have larger Turkish communities which are more likely to attract a new wave of legal migration Austria Annual Report on International Religious Freedom 2007 February 2008 110 2 Report United States Government Publishing Office 2008 p 253 By far the largest ethnic group is Turkish of which 123 000 have Turkish citizenship Many more ethnic Turks are Austrian citizens Borovska Milena 2011 Eine Minderheit in der Minderheit Die Presse retrieved 8 May 2021 a b Maeva Mila 2011 Migraciya i mobilnost na blgarskite turci preselnici v kraya na HH i nachaloto na HHI vek Migracii ot dvete strani na blgaro turskata granica nasledstva identichnosti interkulturni vzaimodejstviya Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum pp 49 50 ISBN 978 954 8458 41 2 Paunova Polina 2014 DPS mobilizira za izborite stotici gastarbajteri v Zapadna Evropa Media Pool retrieved 8 May 2021 a b c Avrupa da Bati Trakya Bati Trakya Turkleri Gercegi ve Avrupa Bati Trakya Turk Federasyonu Avrupa Bati Trakya Turk Federasyonu retrieved 8 May 2021 Avustralya ve Amerika Birlesik Devletleri Kanada gibi uzak ulkelerin disinda aralarinda Hollanda Ingiltere Isvec Fransa Belcika ve Avusturya gibi ulkelerde de sayisi yadsinamayacak bir Bati Trakyali Turk kitlesi yasamaktadir a b Arif Nazmi 2018 Yunanistan da Bati Trakya Turklerinin dis ulkelere gocu endise ve kaygi verici boyutlara ulasti TRT archived from the original on 14 February 2021 retrieved 12 November 2020 a b c Whitman Lois 1990 Destroying Ethnic Identity The Turks of Greece Human Rights Watch pp 11 12 ISBN 978 0929692708 Avusturya da yasayan Kosovalilar Balkanlara daha fazla Turk okulu istiyor Beyaz Gazete 2011 retrieved 8 May 2021 Kuzey Makedonya daki Nufus Sayimina Davet Sonuclar Kuzey Makedonya nin Kurucu Unsuru Turklerin Tapusudur Tamga Turk 2021 retrieved 21 May 2021 Furkan Cako yurt disinda yasayan Makedonya Turklerini ulkedeki nufus sayimina katilmaya ve kendilerini Turk olarak kaydettirmeye cagirdi Diplomatimiz Twitter hesabindan yaptigi cagrida su ifadeleri kullandi Ulkemizde devam eden NufusSayimi2021 surecine katilmak ve kaydinizi Turk olarak gerceklestirmek icin yurtdisinda yasayan ve Turkiye Slovakya Cek Cumhuriyeti Almanya Avusturya Isvicre Italya ve Isvec te bulunan vatandaslarimiz asagidaki bilgilerden yararlanabilirler Catalina Andreea Mihai 2016 Cultural resilience or the Interethnic Dobrujan Model as a Black Sea alternative to EuroIslam in the Romanian Turkish Tatar community University of Bergamo p 150 a b Yurtdisindaki Kibrisli Turk sayisi 645 bin Kibris Postasi 2015 retrieved 13 February 2021 North Cyprus Missions Abroad CypNet retrieved 10 May 2021 Rick Lyman Anemona Hartocollis amp Alison Smale 4 September 2015 Migrants Cross Austria Border From Hungary The New York Times Retrieved 5 September 2015 Turkey angry after Erdogan is told he can t campaign in Austria The Local 2017 Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz said Erdogan is not welcome to hold campaign events adding that it would increase friction in Austria and prevent the integration of a 360 000 strong minority of Turkish origin Austrian town shines out as example of co existence Anadolu Agency 2019 retrieved 27 July 2021Bibliography EditAbadan Unat Nermin 1976 Turkish Workers in Europe 1960 1975 A Socio economic Reappraisal BRILL ISBN 90 04 04478 7 Abbott John S C 2007 The Empire of Austria Its Rise and Present Power BiblioBazaar ISBN 978 1 4264 9252 5 Ache Peter 2008 Cities Between Competitiveness and Cohesion Discourses Realities and Implementation Springer ISBN 978 1 4020 8240 5 Akgunduz Ahmet 2008 Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe 1960 1974 A Multidisciplinary Analysis Ashgate Publishing ISBN 978 0 7546 7390 3 Baubock Rainer 2006 Migration and Citizenship Legal Status Rights and Political Participation Amsterdam University Press ISBN 90 5356 888 3 Bhatia Tej K Ritchie William C 2006 The Handbook of Bilingualism Wiley Blackwell ISBN 0 631 22735 0 Boswell Christina Royal Institute of International Affairs 2003 European Migration Policies in Flux Changing Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion Wiley Blackwell ISBN 1 4051 0296 9 Dana Leo Paul 2008 Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship A Co evolutionary View on Resource Management Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN 978 1 84542 733 7 Frejka Tomas Hoem Jan Michael Toulemon Laurent Sobotka Tomas 2008 Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe Books on Demand ISBN 978 3 8370 6187 1 Hunter Shireen 2002 Islam Europe s Second Religion The New Social Cultural and Political Landscape Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0 275 97609 2 Kasaba Resat 2008 The Cambridge History of Turkey Volume 4 Turkey in the Modern World Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 62096 3 Kohl Katrin Maria Robertson Ritchie 2006 A History of Austrian Literature 1918 2000 Boydell amp Brewer ISBN 1 57113 276 7 Martin Philip L Weil Patrick 2006 Managing Migration The Promise of Cooperation Lexington Books ISBN 0 7391 1341 0 Matzka Christian 2009 Austria and Turkey their burden of histories PDF University of Vienna Nielsen Jorgen S 2004 Muslims in Western Europe Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 1844 9 Nikolov Marianne Curtain Helena 2000 An Early Start Young Learners and Modern Languages in Europe and Beyond Council of Europe ISBN 92 871 4411 7 Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development 2008 International Migration Outlook SOPEMI 2008 OECD Publishing ISBN 978 92 64 04565 1 Panayi Panikos 1999 Outsiders A History of European Minorities Continuum International Publishing Group ISBN 1 85285 179 1 Plender Richard 1988 International Migration Law Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN 90 247 3604 8 Potz Richard Wieshaider Wolfgang 2004 Islam and the European Union Peeters Publishers ISBN 90 429 1445 9 Statistik Austria 2017 Bevolkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002 Statistik Austria Waardenburg Jacques 2003 Muslims and Others Relations in Context Walter de Gruyter ISBN 3 11 017627 0 Further reading EditKroissenbrunner Sabine July 2003 Islam and Muslim Immigrants in Austria Socio Political Networks and Muslim Leadership of Turkish Immigrants Immigrants and Minorities 22 2 3 188 207 doi 10 1080 0261928042000244826 S2CID 143680602 Wets Joha March 2006 The Turkish Community in Austria and Belgium The Challenge of Integration Turkish Studies 7 1 85 100 doi 10 1080 14683840500520600 S2CID 144525781 External links EditAustria signals policy changes for better relations with Turkey Portals Austria Turkey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Turks in Austria amp oldid 1096345456, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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