Live cells or tissues with intact cell membranes are not coloured. Since cells are very selective in the compounds that pass through the membrane, in a viable cell trypan blue is not absorbed; however, it traverses the membrane in a dead cell. Hence, dead cells appear as a distinctive blue colour under a microscope. Since live cells are excluded from staining, this staining method is also described as a dye exclusion method.
Trypan blue is derived from toluidine, that is, any of several isomeric bases, C14H16N2, derived from toluene. Trypan blue is so-called because it can kill trypanosomes, the parasites that cause sleeping sickness. An analog of trypan blue, suramin, is used pharmacologically against trypanosomiasis. Trypan blue is also known as diamine blue and Niagara blue.
Trypan blue is commonly used in microscopy (for cell counting) and in laboratory mice for assessment of tissue viability.[5] The method cannot distinguish between necrotic and apoptotic cells.
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae visualised using clearing of tissue followed by staining with Trypan blue
Soil arthropod takes trypan blue stain
Trypan blue is also used in ophthalmic cataract surgery to stain the anterior capsule in the presence of a mature cataract, to aid in visualization, before creating the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. In keratoplasty, trypan blue can be used to stain the posterior stromal fibers during deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) and to stain the endothelium in Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Trypan blue is used in vitreoretinal surgeries also.[7]
In early 20th century, the existence of a barrier protective toward the brain (blood brain barrier) was inferred, based on the observation that injection of trypan blue in animals led to whole‐body staining except for the brain and spinal cord.
Synonyms
Azidine blue 3B
Benzamine blue 3B
Benzo Blue bB
Chlorazol blue 3B
Diamine blue 3B
Dianil blue H3G
Direct blue 14
Niagara blue 3B
Further reading
Chapter "Detection of Caspase Activation Combined with Other Probes of Apoptosis", Eurekah Bioscience Collection, NCBI bookshelf
Protocol for use of the dye (PDF) from Northwestern University
Wainwright, M. (December 2010). "Dyes, trypanosomiasis and DNA: a historical and critical review". Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 85 (6): 341–54. doi:10.3109/10520290903297528. PMID 21080764. S2CID 46525029.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trypan blue.
^Klaus Hunger; Peter Mischke; Wolfgang Rieper; Roderich Raue; Klaus Kunde; Aloys Engel (2005). "Azo Dyes". Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_245. ISBN978-3527306732.
^Strober, W (May 2001). "Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability". Current Protocols in Immunology. Vol. Appendix 3. pp. Appendix 3B. doi:10.1002/0471142735.ima03bs21. ISBN978-0471142737. PMID 18432654. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^Nowicki, Marcin; et al. (15 May 2013), "A simple dual stain for detailed investigations of plant-fungal pathogen interactions", Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 77: 61–74, doi:10.2478/v10032-012-0016-z
^"Trypan Blue Dye: Capsular Staining for Cataract Surgery and More". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 1 April 2006.
March 12, 2023
trypan, blue, direct, cotton, textiles, biosciences, used, vital, stain, selectively, colour, dead, tissues, cells, blue, namesiupac, name, dimethylbiphenyl, diyl, hydrazin, ylidene, amino, dihydronaphthalene, disulfonic, acid, identifierscas, number, tetrasod. Trypan blue is an azo dye It is a direct dye for cotton textiles 3 In biosciences it is used as a vital stain to selectively colour dead tissues or cells blue Trypan blue NamesIUPAC name 3Z 3 Z 3 3 3 3 dimethylbiphenyl 4 4 diyl di 1Z hydrazin 2 yl 1 ylidene bis 5 amino 4 oxo 3 4 dihydronaphthalene 2 7 disulfonic acid IdentifiersCAS Number 72 57 1 tetrasodium salt Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChEBI CHEBI 78897 NChEMBL ChEMBL1640 YChemSpider 10482308 YECHA InfoCard 100 000 715KEGG C19307 NPubChem CID 5904246UNII I2ZWO3LS3M YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID4026268InChI InChI 1S C34H28N6O14S4 4Na c1 15 7 17 3 5 25 15 37 39 31 27 57 49 50 51 11 19 9 21 55 43 44 45 13 23 35 29 19 33 31 41 18 4 6 26 16 2 8 18 38 40 32 28 58 52 53 54 12 20 10 22 56 46 47 48 14 24 36 30 20 34 32 42 h3 14 41 42H 35 36H2 1 2H3 H 43 44 45 H 46 47 48 H 49 50 51 H 52 53 54 q 4 1 p 4 b39 37 40 38 YKey GLNADSQYFUSGOU GPTZEZBUSA J YInChI 1S C34H28N6O14S4 4Na c1 15 7 17 3 5 25 15 37 39 31 27 57 49 50 51 11 19 9 21 55 43 44 45 13 23 35 29 19 33 31 41 18 4 6 26 16 2 8 18 38 40 32 28 58 52 53 54 12 20 10 22 56 46 47 48 14 24 36 30 20 34 32 42 h3 14 41 42H 35 36H2 1 2H3 H 43 44 45 H 46 47 48 H 49 50 51 H 52 53 54 q 4 1 p 4 b39 37 40 38 Key GLNADSQYFUSGOU WLILTGDCBQKey GLNADSQYFUSGOU GPTZEZBUSA JSMILES Na Na Na Na O S O O c6cc1cc cc N c1c O c6 N N c2ccc cc2C c5ccc N N c4c cc3cc cc N c3c4O S O O O S O O O c C c5 S O O OPropertiesChemical formula C 34H 24N 6Na 4O 14S 4Molar mass 872 88Appearance deep blue in aqueous solution 1 Melting point gt 300 C 572 F 573 K Solubility in water lt 0 1 mg mL in water 2 Solubility 20 mg mL in methyl Cellosolve and 0 6 mg mL in ethanolPharmacologyATC code S01KX02 WHO HazardsLethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 6200 mg kg oral rat Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Live cells or tissues with intact cell membranes are not coloured Since cells are very selective in the compounds that pass through the membrane in a viable cell trypan blue is not absorbed however it traverses the membrane in a dead cell Hence dead cells appear as a distinctive blue colour under a microscope Since live cells are excluded from staining this staining method is also described as a dye exclusion method Contents 1 Background and chemistry 2 Uses of trypan blue 3 Synonyms 4 Further reading 5 ReferencesBackground and chemistry EditTrypan blue is derived from toluidine that is any of several isomeric bases C14H16N2 derived from toluene Trypan blue is so called because it can kill trypanosomes the parasites that cause sleeping sickness An analog of trypan blue suramin is used pharmacologically against trypanosomiasis Trypan blue is also known as diamine blue and Niagara blue The extinction coefficient for trypan blue is 6 104 M 1 cm 1 at 607 nm in methanol 4 Trypan red and trypan blue were first synthesized by the German scientist Paul Ehrlich in 1904 Uses of trypan blue Edit Observation with an optical microscope of Hyaloperonospora parasitica within a leaf of Arabidopsis thaliana by using the trypan blue staining Trypan blue is commonly used in microscopy for cell counting and in laboratory mice for assessment of tissue viability 5 The method cannot distinguish between necrotic and apoptotic cells It may be used to observe fungal hyphae 6 and stramenopiles Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae visualised using clearing of tissue followed by staining with Trypan blue Soil arthropod takes trypan blue stain Trypan blue is also used in ophthalmic cataract surgery to stain the anterior capsule in the presence of a mature cataract to aid in visualization before creating the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis In keratoplasty trypan blue can be used to stain the posterior stromal fibers during deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty DLEK and to stain the endothelium in Descemet s stripping endothelial keratoplasty DSEK Trypan blue is used in vitreoretinal surgeries also 7 In early 20th century the existence of a barrier protective toward the brain blood brain barrier was inferred based on the observation that injection of trypan blue in animals led to whole body staining except for the brain and spinal cord Synonyms EditAzidine blue 3B Benzamine blue 3B Benzo Blue bB Chlorazol blue 3B Diamine blue 3B Dianil blue H3G Direct blue 14 Niagara blue 3BFurther reading EditChapter Detection of Caspase Activation Combined with Other Probes of Apoptosis Eurekah Bioscience Collection NCBI bookshelf Protocol for use of the dye PDF from Northwestern University Wainwright M December 2010 Dyes trypanosomiasis and DNA a historical and critical review Biotechnic amp Histochemistry 85 6 341 54 doi 10 3109 10520290903297528 PMID 21080764 S2CID 46525029 References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trypan blue PubChem CID 9562061 C34H24N6Na4O14S4 PubChem Pubchem ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 2022 04 19 PubChem CID 9562061 C34H24N6Na4O14S4 PubChem Pubchem ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 2022 04 19 Klaus Hunger Peter Mischke Wolfgang Rieper Roderich Raue Klaus Kunde Aloys Engel 2005 Azo Dyes Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a03 245 ISBN 978 3527306732 Sigma Aldrich 60 Trypan Blue Product page Retrieved 2015 07 15 Strober W May 2001 Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability Current Protocols in Immunology Vol Appendix 3 pp Appendix 3B doi 10 1002 0471142735 ima03bs21 ISBN 978 0471142737 PMID 18432654 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a Missing or empty title help Nowicki Marcin et al 15 May 2013 A simple dual stain for detailed investigations of plant fungal pathogen interactions Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 77 61 74 doi 10 2478 v10032 012 0016 z Trypan Blue Dye Capsular Staining for Cataract Surgery and More American Academy of Ophthalmology 1 April 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trypan blue amp oldid 1130665006, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
