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Tropidoclonion

December 20, 2023

Tropidoclonion is a genus of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is monotypic, containing the sole species Tropidoclonion lineatum, commonly known as the lined snake. The species is endemic to North America.

Tropidoclonion
Tropidoclonion lineatum, lined snake
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Subfamily: Natricinae
Genus: Tropidoclonion
Cope, 1860
Species:
T. lineatum
Binomial name
Tropidoclonion lineatum
(Hallowell, 1856)
Synonyms
  • Microps lineatus
    Hallowell, 1856
  • Storeria lineata
    — Cope, 1860[1]
  • Ischnognathus lineatus
    — Boulenger, 1893[2]
  • Tropidoclonium lineatum
    — Cope, 1900
  • Tropidoclonion lineatum
    — Stejneger & Barbour, 1917[1]

Common names edit

Additional common names for T. lineatum include common snake, dwarf garter snake, grass snake, line snake, ribbon snake, streaked snake, striped snake, and swamp snake.[3]

Subspecies edit

Four subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.[4][5]

  • Tropidoclonion lineatum annectens Ramsey, 1953 – central lined snake
  • Tropidoclonion lineatum lineatum (Hallowell, 1856) – northern lined snake
  • Tropidoclonion lineatum mertensi H.M. Smith, 1965 – Mertens' lined snake
  • Tropidoclonion lineatum texanum Ramsey, 1953 – Texas lined snake

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Tropidoclonion.

Etymology edit

The subspecific name, mertensi, is in honor of German herpetologist Robert Mertens.[6]

Geographic range edit

The lined snake is found throughout the central United States from Illinois to Texas.

Habitat edit

The preferred habitat of T. lineatum is grassland areas with soft, moist soils.

Description edit

The lined snake is olive green to brown with a distinctive tan or yellow stripe running down the middle of the back from head to tail. It has similar stripes, one down each side on scale rows 2 and 3.[7] On the belly, it has a double row of clean-cut black half-moon spots running down the middle.[8] It has a narrow head and small eyes.

Adult size is typically less than 35 cm (14 inches) in total length (including tail). However, maximum recorded total length is 53 cm (21 in).[9]

The keeled dorsal scales are arranged in 19 rows at midbody. There are only 5 or 6 upper labials.[9]

Behavior edit

The lined snake is semifossorial, spending most of its time hiding under rocks, leaf litter, logs, or buried in the soil.

Diet edit

The majority of the diet of T. lineatum consists of earthworms.

Reproduction edit

The lined snake is ovoviviparous, the young being born in August. The average brood is seven or eight.[10] The newborn juveniles are 10–12 cm (4-4¾ in.) long at birth.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 99-100).
  2. ^ Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Ischnognathus lineatus, pp. 289-290).
  3. ^ Wright AH, Wright AA (1957).
  4. ^ "Tropidoclonion lineatum ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
  5. ^ "Tropidoclonion lineatum ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  6. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Tropidoclonion lineatum mertensi, p. 176).
  7. ^ Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Son's. 365 pp. (Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 257-259, Figure 83 + Plate 29, Top, on p. 349).
  8. ^ a b Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 166-167 + Plate 24 + Map 123).
  9. ^ a b Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 152-153).
  10. ^ Force ER (1931). "Habits and Birth of the Lined Snake, Tropidoclonion lineatum (Hallowell)". Copeia 1931: 51-53.

Further reading edit

  • Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp.657 color plates. ISBN 0-394-50824-6. (Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 677-678 + Plate 507).
  • Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 114–115 + Plate 21, Figure 63).
  • Hallowell E (1856). "Notice of a Collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences, by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8: 238-253. (Microps, new genus, p. 240; Microps lineatus, new species, p. 241).
  • Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures. ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9. (Tropidoclonion lineatum, p. 433 + Plate 44).
  • Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN 0-395-98272-3 (paperback). (Tropidoclonion lineatum, p. 391 + Plate 50 + Map 168).
  • Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (Genus Tropidoclonion p. 879 + Figure 20, a-c, on p. 71; and species Tropidoclonion lineatum, pp. 879–884, Figure 252, Map 62).
  • Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide. Revised Edition. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. ("Lined Snake", pp. 106, 156).

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropidoclonion.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Tropidoclonion lineatum.
  • Species Tropidoclonion lineatum at The Reptile Database
  • Tropidoclonion at Oklahoma Snakes
  • Lined Snake, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa

December 20, 2023
tropidoclonion, genus, snake, subfamily, natricinae, family, colubridae, genus, monotypic, containing, sole, species, lineatum, commonly, known, lined, snake, species, endemic, north, america, lineatum, lined, snakeconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, sci. Tropidoclonion is a genus of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae The genus is monotypic containing the sole species Tropidoclonion lineatum commonly known as the lined snake The species is endemic to North America TropidoclonionTropidoclonion lineatum lined snakeConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder SquamataSuborder SerpentesFamily ColubridaeSubfamily NatricinaeGenus TropidoclonionCope 1860Species T lineatumBinomial nameTropidoclonion lineatum Hallowell 1856 SynonymsMicrops lineatus Hallowell 1856 Storeria lineata Cope 1860 1 Ischnognathus lineatus Boulenger 1893 2 Tropidoclonium lineatum Cope 1900 Tropidoclonion lineatum Stejneger amp Barbour 1917 1 Contents 1 Common names 2 Subspecies 3 Etymology 4 Geographic range 5 Habitat 6 Description 7 Behavior 8 Diet 9 Reproduction 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksCommon names editAdditional common names for T lineatum include common snake dwarf garter snake grass snake line snake ribbon snake streaked snake striped snake and swamp snake 3 Subspecies editFour subspecies are recognized as being valid including the nominotypical subspecies 4 5 Tropidoclonion lineatum annectens Ramsey 1953 central lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum lineatum Hallowell 1856 northern lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum mertensi H M Smith 1965 Mertens lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum texanum Ramsey 1953 Texas lined snakeNota bene A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Tropidoclonion Etymology editThe subspecific name mertensi is in honor of German herpetologist Robert Mertens 6 Geographic range editThe lined snake is found throughout the central United States from Illinois to Texas Habitat editThe preferred habitat of T lineatum is grassland areas with soft moist soils Description editThe lined snake is olive green to brown with a distinctive tan or yellow stripe running down the middle of the back from head to tail It has similar stripes one down each side on scale rows 2 and 3 7 On the belly it has a double row of clean cut black half moon spots running down the middle 8 It has a narrow head and small eyes Adult size is typically less than 35 cm 14 inches in total length including tail However maximum recorded total length is 53 cm 21 in 9 The keeled dorsal scales are arranged in 19 rows at midbody There are only 5 or 6 upper labials 9 Behavior editThe lined snake is semifossorial spending most of its time hiding under rocks leaf litter logs or buried in the soil Diet editThe majority of the diet of T lineatum consists of earthworms Reproduction editThe lined snake is ovoviviparous the young being born in August The average brood is seven or eight 10 The newborn juveniles are 10 12 cm 4 4 in long at birth 8 References edit a b Stejneger L Barbour T 1917 A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 125 pp Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 99 100 Boulenger GA 1893 Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum Natural History Volume I Containing the Families Colubridae Aglyphae part London Trustees of the British Museum Natural History Taylor and Francis printers xiii 448 pp Plates I XXVIII Ischnognathus lineatus pp 289 290 Wright AH Wright AA 1957 Tropidoclonion lineatum ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System www itis gov Tropidoclonion lineatum The Reptile Database www reptile database org Beolens Bo Watkins Michael Grayson Michael 2011 The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press xiii 296 pp ISBN 978 1 4214 0135 5 Tropidoclonion lineatum mertensi p 176 Schmidt KP Davis DD 1941 Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada New York G P Putnam s Son s 365 pp Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 257 259 Figure 83 Plate 29 Top on p 349 a b Conant R 1975 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America Second Edition Boston Houghton Mifflin xviii 429 pp Plates 1 48 ISBN 0 395 19979 4 hardcover ISBN 0 395 19977 8 paperback Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 166 167 Plate 24 Map 123 a b Smith HM Brodie ED Jr 1982 Reptiles of North America A Guide to Field Identification New York Golden Press 240 pp ISBN 0 307 13666 3 paperback Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 152 153 Force ER 1931 Habits and Birth of the Lined Snake Tropidoclonion lineatum Hallowell Copeia 1931 51 53 Further reading editBehler JL King FW 1979 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians New York Alfred A Knopf 743 pp 657 color plates ISBN 0 394 50824 6 Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 677 678 Plate 507 Conant R Bridges W 1939 What Snake Is That A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate New York and London D Appleton Century Frontispiece map viii 163 pp Plates A C 1 32 Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 114 115 Plate 21 Figure 63 Hallowell E 1856 Notice of a Collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Dr Hammond U S A Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia 8 238 253 Microps new genus p 240 Microps lineatus new species p 241 Powell R Conant R Collins JT 2016 Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America Fourth Edition Boston and New York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt xiv 494 pp 47 plates 207 figures ISBN 978 0 544 12997 9 Tropidoclonion lineatum p 433 Plate 44 Stebbins RC 2003 A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians Third Edition The Peterson Field Guide Series Boston and New York Houghton Mifflin xiii 533 pp ISBN 0 395 98272 3 paperback Tropidoclonion lineatum p 391 Plate 50 Map 168 Wright AH Wright AA 1957 Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada Ithaca and London Comstock Publishing Associates a Division of Cornell University Press 1 105 pp in 2 volumes Genus Tropidoclonion p 879 Figure 20 a c on p 71 and species Tropidoclonion lineatum pp 879 884 Figure 252 Map 62 Zim HS Smith HM 1956 Reptiles and Amphibians A Guide to Familiar American Species A Golden Nature Guide Revised Edition New York Simon and Schuster 160 pp Lined Snake pp 106 156 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropidoclonion nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Tropidoclonion lineatum Species Tropidoclonion lineatum at The Reptile DatabaseTropidoclonion at Oklahoma Snakes Lined Snake Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tropidoclonion amp oldid 1136734878, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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