In biology, trinomial nomenclature is the system of names for taxa below the rank of species. These names have three parts. The usage is different in zoology and botany.
Drying great cormorant subspecies known as "Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae".Pictured is the critically endangered western lowland gorilla. Its trinomen is Gorilla gorilla gorilla.
A trinomen is a name with three parts: generic name, specific name and subspecific name. The first two parts alone form the binomen or species name. All three names are typeset in italics, and only the first letter of the generic name is capitalised. No indicator of rank is included: in zoology, subspecies is the only rank below that of species. For example: "Buteo jamaicensis borealis is one of the subspecies of the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)."
In a taxonomic publication, a name is incomplete without an author citation and publication details. This indicates who published the name, in what publication, and the date of the publication. For example: "Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826)" denotes a subspecies of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) introduced by James Francis Stephens in 1826[1] under the subspecies name novaehollandiae ("of New Holland").
If the generic and specific name have already been mentioned in the same paragraph, they are often abbreviated to initial letters. For example, one might write: "The great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo has a distinct subspecies in Australasia, the black shag P. c. novaehollandiae".
While binomial nomenclature came into being and immediately gained widespread acceptance in the mid-18th century, it was not until the early 20th century that the current unified standard of trinominal nomenclature was agreed upon. This became the standard mainly because of tireless promotion by Elliott Coues – even though trinomina in the modern usage were pioneered in 1828 by Carl Friedrich Bruch and around 1850 was widely used especially by Hermann Schlegel and John Cassin. As late as the 1930s, the use of trinomina was not fully established in all fields of zoology. Thus, when referring especially European works of the preceding era, the nomenclature used is usually not in accord with contemporary standards.
For algae, fungi, plants, and their fossils, there is an indeterminate number of infraspecific ranks allowed below the level of species. The secondary ranks below the species rank are variety and forma, and more ranks can be made by using the prefix "sub" to make subspecies, subvariety, subforma. Very rarely even more forms are created, such as supersubspecies. Not all of these ranks need to be specified, for example, some authors prefer to divide plant species into subspecies, while others prefer to use varieties.[2]
These ranks are components of a biological classification, for example Corylopsis sinensis var. calvescens f. veitchiana is an ornamental garden plant.[3] However, a name is not the same as a classification, and the name of this plant is a trinomial with only three parts,[4] the two parts of the species name Corylopsis sinensis, plus the forma epithet veitchiana, to give Corylopsis sinensis f. veitchiana.
^General zoology, or Systematic natural history London, Printed for G. Kearsley, Aves (1815–1826).
^Hamilton, C.W.; Reichard, S.H. (1992). "Current practice in the use of subspecies, variety, and forma in the classification of wild plants". Taxon. 41 (3): 485–498. doi:10.2307/1222819. JSTOR 1222819.
^. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
^McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). . Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. ISBN978-3-87429-425-6. Archived from the original on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2014-06-09. article 24.1
November 16, 2023
trinomial, nomenclature, biology, trinomial, nomenclature, system, names, taxa, below, rank, species, these, names, have, three, parts, usage, different, zoology, botany, contents, zoology, botany, also, referencesin, zoology, edit, nbsp, drying, great, cormor. In biology trinomial nomenclature is the system of names for taxa below the rank of species These names have three parts The usage is different in zoology and botany Contents 1 In zoology 2 In botany 3 See also 4 ReferencesIn zoology edit nbsp Drying great cormorant subspecies known as Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae nbsp Pictured is the critically endangered western lowland gorilla Its trinomen is Gorilla gorilla gorilla In zoological nomenclature a trinomen pl trinomina trinominal name or ternary name is the name of a subspecies Examples are Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage 1847 for the western lowland gorilla genus Gorilla species western gorilla and Bison bison bison Linnaeus 1758 for the plains bison genus Bison species American bison A trinomen is a name with three parts generic name specific name and subspecific name The first two parts alone form the binomen or species name All three names are typeset in italics and only the first letter of the generic name is capitalised No indicator of rank is included in zoology subspecies is the only rank below that of species For example Buteo jamaicensis borealis is one of the subspecies of the red tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis In a taxonomic publication a name is incomplete without an author citation and publication details This indicates who published the name in what publication and the date of the publication For example Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae Stephens 1826 denotes a subspecies of the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo introduced by James Francis Stephens in 1826 1 under the subspecies name novaehollandiae of New Holland If the generic and specific name have already been mentioned in the same paragraph they are often abbreviated to initial letters For example one might write The great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo has a distinct subspecies in Australasia the black shag P c novaehollandiae While binomial nomenclature came into being and immediately gained widespread acceptance in the mid 18th century it was not until the early 20th century that the current unified standard of trinominal nomenclature was agreed upon This became the standard mainly because of tireless promotion by Elliott Coues even though trinomina in the modern usage were pioneered in 1828 by Carl Friedrich Bruch and around 1850 was widely used especially by Hermann Schlegel and John Cassin As late as the 1930s the use of trinomina was not fully established in all fields of zoology Thus when referring especially European works of the preceding era the nomenclature used is usually not in accord with contemporary standards In botany editMain article Infraspecific name For algae fungi plants and their fossils there is an indeterminate number of infraspecific ranks allowed below the level of species The secondary ranks below the species rank are variety and forma and more ranks can be made by using the prefix sub to make subspecies subvariety subforma Very rarely even more forms are created such as supersubspecies Not all of these ranks need to be specified for example some authors prefer to divide plant species into subspecies while others prefer to use varieties 2 These ranks are components of a biological classification for example Corylopsis sinensis var calvescens f veitchiana is an ornamental garden plant 3 However a name is not the same as a classification and the name of this plant is a trinomial with only three parts 4 the two parts of the species name Corylopsis sinensis plus the forma epithet veitchiana to give Corylopsis sinensis f veitchiana See also editBinomial nomenclature NomenclatureReferences edit General zoology or Systematic natural history London Printed for G Kearsley Aves 1815 1826 Hamilton C W Reichard S H 1992 Current practice in the use of subspecies variety and forma in the classification of wild plants Taxon 41 3 485 498 doi 10 2307 1222819 JSTOR 1222819 Royal Horticultural Society Plant Selector Archived from the original on 2019 12 14 Retrieved 2012 11 01 McNeill J Barrie F R Buck W R Demoulin V Greuter W Hawksworth D L Herendeen P S Knapp S Marhold K Prado J Prud homme Van Reine W F Smith G F Wiersema J H Turland N J 2012 International Code of Nomenclature for algae fungi and plants Melbourne Code adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne Australia July 2011 Vol Regnum Vegetabile 154 A R G Gantner Verlag KG ISBN 978 3 87429 425 6 Archived from the original on 2013 11 04 Retrieved 2014 06 09 article 24 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trinomial nomenclature amp oldid 1185187679 In zoology, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
