Trithuria is a genus of small ephemeral aquaticherb that represent the only members of the family Hydatellaceae found in India, Australia, and New Zealand.[1][2] All of the 13 formally characterized species of Trithuria are found in Australia, with the exception of T. inconspicua and T. konkanensis, which are found in New Zealand and India, respectively.[3][4] Until DNA sequence data and a reinterpretation of morphology proved otherwise, these plants were believed to be monocots related to the grasses (Poaceae). They are unique in being the only plants besides two members of Triuridaceae (Lacandonia schizmatica and L. braziliana) in which the stamens are in the center of the flower while the pistils surround them; in Hydatellaceae the resulting 'flowers' may instead represent condensed inflorescences or non-flowers.[5]
These diminutive, superficially moss-like, aquatic plants are the closest living relatives of a clade comprising two closely related water-lily families Nymphaeaceae and Cabombaceae.[6] Together, these three families compose the orderNymphaeales in the APG III system of flowering plant classification. Trithuria (Hydatellaceae) diverged from the rest of Nymphaeales soon after Nymphaeales diverged from its sister taxon, although the crown clade evolved relatively recently, in the early Miocene (~19 Ma;[7]). The order as a whole is the sister group of all flowering plants except Amborellales.
Trithuria exhibits a remarkable similarity to Centrolepis and species of both genera were mistaken for members of the other genus.[8]
The genus Hydatella was subsumed into Trithuria as its members are phylogenetically nested in it. The family as a whole shares the following features (morphologicalsynapomorphies[3])
lack of a vascular cambium
lack of pericyclic sclerenchyma
anomocytic stomata
truncate anther connective
boat-shaped pollen
inner integument with two cell layers
palisade exotesta
seed operculum formed by cell enlargement in the inner integument
Trithuria lanterna D.A.Cooke - Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland
Trithuria occidentalis Benth. - Western Australia
Trithuria polybracteata D.A.Cooke ex D.D.Sokoloff, Remizowa, T.D.Macfarl. & Rudall - Western Australia
Trithuria submersa Hook.f. - Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania
Etymologyedit
The generic name Trithuria is composed of two parts: the Greek words treis meaning "three", and thyris meaning "window". It references the dehiscence of the fruit.[12] Specifically, it references the pericarp valves of some Trithuria species.[13]
Cytologyedit
The diploid chromosome count of Trithuria inconspicua subsp. inconspicua is 2n = c. 24. The diploid chromosome count of Trithuria submersa is 2n = 56.[13] The diploid chromosome count of the tetraploid species Trithuria konkanensis 2n = 40.[14] The diploid chromosome count of Trithuria australis is 2n = 14.[15]
Referencesedit
^ abKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^Marques, Isabel; Montgomery, Sean A.; Barker, Michael S.; Macfarlane, Terry D.; Conran, John G.; Catalán, Pilar; Rieseberg, Loren H.; Rudall, Paula J.; Graham, Sean W. (2016-04-01). "Transcriptome-derived evidence supports recent polyploidization and a major phylogeographic division in Trithuria submersa (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales)". New Phytologist. 210 (1): 310–323. doi:10.1111/nph.13755. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 26612464.
^ abDmitry D. Sokoloff, Margarita V. Remizowa, Terry D. Macfarlane, and Paula J. Rudall. 2008. "Classification of the early-divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae: one genus instead of two, four new species and sexual dimorphism in dioecious taxa". Taxon57(1):179-200.
^Yadav SR, Janarthanam MK. 1995 Trithuria konkanensis (Hydatellaceae), eine neue Art aus Indien. Aqua Planta20. (3): 91-97 (1995).
^Rudall, Paula J. (February 4, 2016). "Inside-out flowers of Lacandonia brasiliana (Triuridaceae) provide new insights into fundamental aspects of floral patterning". PeerJ. 4: e1653. doi:10.7717/peerj.1653. PMC4748704. PMID 26870611.
^Else Marie Friis & Peter Crane (15 March 2007), "Botany: New home for tiny aquatics", Nature, 446 (7133): 269–270, Bibcode:2007Natur.446..269F, doi:10.1038/446269a, PMID 17361167
^Iles, William J D; Lee, Christopher; Sokoloff, Dmitry D; Remizowa, Margarita V; Yadav, Shrirang R; Barrett, Matthew D; Barrett, Russell L; Macfarlane, Terry D; Rudall, Paula J; Graham, Sean W (2014). "Reconstructing the age and historical biogeography of the ancient flowering-plant family Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 14 (1): 102. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14..102I. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-102. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC4030046. PMID 24884487.
^Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Linder, H. P., & Rudall, P. J. (2009). "Morphology and development of the gynoecium in Centrolepidaceae: the most remarkable range of variation in Poales." American Journal of Botany, 96(11), 1925-1940.
^Jeffery M. Saarela1; et al. (15 March 2007), "Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree", Nature, 446 (7133): 312–315, Bibcode:2007Natur.446..312S, doi:10.1038/nature05612, PMID 17361182, S2CID 4415881{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Sokoloff, Dmitry D.; Remizowa, Margarita V.; Beer, Anton S.; Yadav, Shrirang R.; Macfarlane, Terry D.; Ramsay, Margaret M.; Rudall, Paula J. (May 2013). "Impact of spatial constraints during seed germination on the evolution of angiosperm cotyledons: A case study from tropical Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales)". American Journal of Botany. 100 (5): 824–843. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200620. PMID 23613353.
^Iles, Will; Rudall, Paula J.; Sokoloff, D. D.; Graham, Sean W (March 2012). "Molecular phylogenetics of Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales): Sexual-system homoplasy and a new sectional classification". American Journal of Botany. 99 (4): 663–676. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100524. PMID 22473977.
^Remizowa, M. V., Sokoloff, D. D., Macfarlane, T. D., Yadav, S. R., Prychid, C. J., & Rudall, P. J. (2008). "Comparative pollen morphology in the early‐divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae reveals variation at the infraspecific level." Grana, 47(2), 81-100.
^Sokoloff, D. D., Marques, I., Macfarlane, T. D., Remizowa, M. V., Lam, V. K. Y., Pellicer, J., … Graham, S. W. (2019). Cryptic species in an ancient flowering-plant lineage (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales) revealed by molecular and micromorphological data. TAXON, 68(1), 1–19. doi:10.1002/tax.12026
December 15, 2023
trithuria, genus, small, ephemeral, aquatic, herb, that, represent, only, members, family, hydatellaceae, found, india, australia, zealand, formally, characterized, species, found, australia, with, exception, inconspicua, konkanensis, which, found, zealand, in. Trithuria is a genus of small ephemeral aquatic herb that represent the only members of the family Hydatellaceae found in India Australia and New Zealand 1 2 All of the 13 formally characterized species of Trithuria are found in Australia with the exception of T inconspicua and T konkanensis which are found in New Zealand and India respectively 3 4 Until DNA sequence data and a reinterpretation of morphology proved otherwise these plants were believed to be monocots related to the grasses Poaceae They are unique in being the only plants besides two members of Triuridaceae Lacandonia schizmatica and L braziliana in which the stamens are in the center of the flower while the pistils surround them in Hydatellaceae the resulting flowers may instead represent condensed inflorescences or non flowers 5 TrithuriaTrithuria submersaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsOrder NymphaealesFamily HydatellaceaeGenus TrithuriaHook f Type speciesTrithuria submersaHook f Synonyms 1 Hydatella Diels Juncella F Muell ex Hieron These diminutive superficially moss like aquatic plants are the closest living relatives of a clade comprising two closely related water lily families Nymphaeaceae and Cabombaceae 6 Together these three families compose the order Nymphaeales in the APG III system of flowering plant classification Trithuria Hydatellaceae diverged from the rest of Nymphaeales soon after Nymphaeales diverged from its sister taxon although the crown clade evolved relatively recently in the early Miocene 19 Ma 7 The order as a whole is the sister group of all flowering plants except Amborellales Trithuria exhibits a remarkable similarity to Centrolepis and species of both genera were mistaken for members of the other genus 8 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Species and distribution 3 Etymology 4 Cytology 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe genus Hydatella was subsumed into Trithuria as its members are phylogenetically nested in it The family as a whole shares the following features morphological synapomorphies 3 lack of a vascular cambium lack of pericyclic sclerenchyma anomocytic stomata truncate anther connective boat shaped pollen inner integument with two cell layers palisade exotesta seed operculum formed by cell enlargement in the inner integument perisperm hypogeal germination 9 Species and distribution editPhylogeny of Trithuria 10 11 sect Altofinia T cookeanaT cowieanasect Hamannia T polybracteataT konkanensisT lanternasect Trithuria T occidentalisT bibracteataT submersasect Hydatella T austinensisT australisT filamentosaT inconspicuaTrithuria austinensis D D Sokoloff Western Australia Trithuria australis Diels D D Sokoloff Western Australia Trithuria bibracteata Stapf ex D A Cooke Western Australia Trithuria cookeana D D Sokoloff Remizowa T D Macfarl amp Rudall Northern Territory of Australia Trithuria cowieana D D Sokoloff Northern Territory Trithuria filamentosa Rodway Tasmania Trithuria fitzgeraldii D D Sokoloff I Marques T D Macfarl Rudall amp S W Graham Western Australia Trithuria inconspicua Cheeseman North Island of New Zealand Trithuria konkanensis S R Yadav amp Janarth Maharashtra Trithuria lanterna D A Cooke Northern Territory Western Australia Queensland Trithuria occidentalis Benth Western Australia Trithuria polybracteata D A Cooke ex D D Sokoloff Remizowa T D Macfarl amp Rudall Western Australia Trithuria submersa Hook f Western Australia South Australia Victoria New South Wales TasmaniaEtymology editThe generic name Trithuria is composed of two parts the Greek words treis meaning three and thyris meaning window It references the dehiscence of the fruit 12 Specifically it references the pericarp valves of some Trithuria species 13 Cytology editThe diploid chromosome count of Trithuria inconspicua subsp inconspicua is 2n c 24 The diploid chromosome count of Trithuria submersa is 2n 56 13 The diploid chromosome count of the tetraploid species Trithuria konkanensis 2n 40 14 The diploid chromosome count of Trithuria australis is 2n 14 15 References edit a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Marques Isabel Montgomery Sean A Barker Michael S Macfarlane Terry D Conran John G Catalan Pilar Rieseberg Loren H Rudall Paula J Graham Sean W 2016 04 01 Transcriptome derived evidence supports recent polyploidization and a major phylogeographic division in Trithuria submersa Hydatellaceae Nymphaeales New Phytologist 210 1 310 323 doi 10 1111 nph 13755 ISSN 1469 8137 PMID 26612464 a b Dmitry D Sokoloff Margarita V Remizowa Terry D Macfarlane and Paula J Rudall 2008 Classification of the early divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae one genus instead of two four new species and sexual dimorphism in dioecious taxa Taxon 57 1 179 200 Yadav SR Janarthanam MK 1995 Trithuria konkanensis Hydatellaceae eine neue Art aus Indien Aqua Planta 20 3 91 97 1995 Rudall Paula J February 4 2016 Inside out flowers of Lacandonia brasiliana Triuridaceae provide new insights into fundamental aspects of floral patterning PeerJ 4 e1653 doi 10 7717 peerj 1653 PMC 4748704 PMID 26870611 Else Marie Friis amp Peter Crane 15 March 2007 Botany New home for tiny aquatics Nature 446 7133 269 270 Bibcode 2007Natur 446 269F doi 10 1038 446269a PMID 17361167 Iles William J D Lee Christopher Sokoloff Dmitry D Remizowa Margarita V Yadav Shrirang R Barrett Matthew D Barrett Russell L Macfarlane Terry D Rudall Paula J Graham Sean W 2014 Reconstructing the age and historical biogeography of the ancient flowering plant family Hydatellaceae Nymphaeales BMC Evolutionary Biology Springer Science and Business Media LLC 14 1 102 Bibcode 2014BMCEE 14 102I doi 10 1186 1471 2148 14 102 ISSN 1471 2148 PMC 4030046 PMID 24884487 Sokoloff D D Remizowa M V Linder H P amp Rudall P J 2009 Morphology and development of the gynoecium in Centrolepidaceae the most remarkable range of variation in Poales American Journal of Botany 96 11 1925 1940 Jeffery M Saarela1 et al 15 March 2007 Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree Nature 446 7133 312 315 Bibcode 2007Natur 446 312S doi 10 1038 nature05612 PMID 17361182 S2CID 4415881 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Sokoloff Dmitry D Remizowa Margarita V Beer Anton S Yadav Shrirang R Macfarlane Terry D Ramsay Margaret M Rudall Paula J May 2013 Impact of spatial constraints during seed germination on the evolution of angiosperm cotyledons A case study from tropical Hydatellaceae Nymphaeales American Journal of Botany 100 5 824 843 doi 10 3732 ajb 1200620 PMID 23613353 Iles Will Rudall Paula J Sokoloff D D Graham Sean W March 2012 Molecular phylogenetics of Hydatellaceae Nymphaeales Sexual system homoplasy and a new sectional classification American Journal of Botany 99 4 663 676 doi 10 3732 ajb 1100524 PMID 22473977 Department for Environment and Water n d Trithuria submersa Hydatellaceae Seeds of South Australia Species information Retrieved July 26 2023 from https spapps environment sa gov au SeedsOfSA speciesinformation html rid 4619 a b Flora of New Zealand Taxon Profile Trithuria n d Retrieved July 26 2023 from https www nzflora info factsheet taxon Trithuria html Remizowa M V Sokoloff D D Macfarlane T D Yadav S R Prychid C J amp Rudall P J 2008 Comparative pollen morphology in the early divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae reveals variation at the infraspecific level Grana 47 2 81 100 Sokoloff D D Marques I Macfarlane T D Remizowa M V Lam V K Y Pellicer J Graham S W 2019 Cryptic species in an ancient flowering plant lineage Hydatellaceae Nymphaeales revealed by molecular and micromorphological data TAXON 68 1 1 19 doi 10 1002 tax 12026 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trithuria amp oldid 1187565298, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
