T. inconspicua partially buried under sediment. Photo by Jeremy Rolfe
Trithuria inconspicua is a small (~4 cm) fresh water lily endemic to New Zealand. This lily grows in 5–7 meters of water and is restricted to the fresh water lakes of Northland and Fiordland regions of the North and South Island, respectively. Consisting of multiple 20–40 mm small tussocks and fibrous roots the plant is often partially buried under sediment or algae with only the leaf tips exposed.[1] As the plant is Monoicous individual male and female flowers are found on the same plant, however, in nature plants containing flowers of both sexes are rare.[6] The male flowers consist of bright red 10 mm long filaments, whilst the female flowers are yellow-brown and contain 5-10 styles bunched at the apex.[1]
There are two subspecies, Trithuria inconspicua subsp. inconspicua is found in dune lakes of Northland in the far north of the North Island, and T. inconspicua subsp. brevistyla is found in glacial lakes of the southern South Island (Smissen R.D., Ford K.A. Champion, P.D. and Heenan, P.B., Australian Systematic Botany 32(1): 1-11 (2019). http://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Trithuria-inconspicua.html
The first flowering plant?edit
Based on molecular data from a single plastid gene (rbcL)T. inconspicua was originally believed to a monocot.[7] However, a more recent study using multiple genetic loci, supported by a subsequent re-evaluation of morphological characteristics, now places T. inconspicua as a sister group with the water lilies (Nymphaeales).[8] This new placement of T. inconspicua means only a single lineage of flowering plant is thought to be older, that being the woody New Caledonian shrub Amborella trichopoda.[9]
The predominant view that Amborella represents the oldest flowering plant was recently challenged in a study by Goremykini et al (2013),[10] who showed that when highly variable sites were removed from the dataset, T. inconspicua was consistently identified as the oldest angiosperm lineage. This proposal has attracted criticism from Drew et al (2014), who argued that the basal placement of T. inconspicua is an artifact of the variable site filtering method used by Goremykini et al (2013).[11] One of the main reasons why people are interested in this question is that placing T. inconspicua at the base of the angiosperm lineage would suggest the first angiosperms were soft bodied aquatic plants, rather than a woody terrestrial plants like Amborella. These competing theories have been given the light hearted monikers "wet and wild" and "dark and disturbed".[11][12][13]
Conservation statusedit
Trithuria inconspicua is seriously threatened[1] due to the competition by the introduced bladder wort (Utricularia gibba) as well as other fresh water weeds.
^Dmitry D. Sokoloff, Margarita V. Remizowa, Terry D. Macfarlane, and Paula J. Rudall. 2008. "Classification of the early-divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae: one genus instead of two, four new species and sexual dimorphism in dioecious taxa". Taxon57(1):179-200.
^Pledge, David H. 1974. "Some Observations on Hydatella Inconspicua (Cheesem.) Cheesem. (Centrolepidaceae)." New Zealand Journal of Botany 12 (4): 559–61.
^Michelangeli, Fabian A., Jerrold I. Davis, and Dennis Wm Stevenson. 2003. "Phylogenetic Relationships among Poaceae and Related Families as Inferred from Morphology, Inversions in the Plastid Genome, and Sequence Data from the Mitochondrial and Plastid Genomes." American Journal of Botany 90 (1): 93–106.
^Saarela, Jeffery M., Hardeep S. Rai, James A. Doyle, Peter K. Endress, Sarah Mathews, Adam D. Marchant, Barbara G. Briggs, and Sean W. Graham. 2007. "Hydatellaceae Identified as a New Branch near the Base of the Angiosperm Phylogenetic Tree." Nature 446 (7133): 312–15.
^Friis, Else Marie, and Peter Crane. 2007. "Botany: New Home for Tiny Aquatics." Nature 446 (7133): 269–70.
^Goremykini, V.V.; Nikiforova, S.V.; Biggs, P.J.; Zhong, B. de Lange, P.; Martin, W.; Woetzel, S.; Atherton, R.A., McLenachan, T.; Lockhart, P.J. 2013: The evolutionary root of flowering plants. Systematic Biology61 (1) 50–61.
^ abDrew, Bryan T., Brad R. Ruhfel, Stephen A. Smith, Michael J. Moore, Barbara G. Briggs, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Pamela S. Soltis, and Douglas E. Soltis. 2014. "Another Look at the Root of the Angiosperms Reveals a Familiar Tale." Systematic Biology 63 (3): 368–82.
^Feild, Taylor S., Nan Crystal Arens, James A. Doyle, Todd E. Dawson, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2004. "Dark and Disturbed: A New Image of Early Angiosperm Ecology." Paleobiology 30 (1): 82–107.
^Coiffard, C., B. Gomez, and F. Thevenard. 2007. "Early Cretaceous Angiosperm Invasion of Western Europe and Major Environmental Changes." Annals of Botany 100 (3): 545–53.
May 04, 2024
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Trithuria inconspicua is a small aquatic herb of the family Hydatellaceae that is only found in New Zealand 4 5 Trithuria inconspicua Trithuria inconspicua growing in fine silica sand Conservation status Nationally Critical NZ TCS 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Order Nymphaeales Family Hydatellaceae Genus Trithuria Species T inconspicua Binomial name Trithuria inconspicuaCheeseman 1906 2 Subspecies 3 Trithuria inconspicua subsp brevistyla K A Ford Trithuria inconspicua subsp inconspicua Distribution of Trithuria inconspicua Synonyms 3 Hydatella inconspicua Cheeseman Cheeseman Contents 1 Description 2 The first flowering plant 3 Conservation status 4 ReferencesDescription edit nbsp T inconspicua partially buried under sediment Photo by Jeremy Rolfe Trithuria inconspicua is a small 4 cm fresh water lily endemic to New Zealand This lily grows in 5 7 meters of water and is restricted to the fresh water lakes of Northland and Fiordland regions of the North and South Island respectively Consisting of multiple 20 40 mm small tussocks and fibrous roots the plant is often partially buried under sediment or algae with only the leaf tips exposed 1 As the plant is Monoicous individual male and female flowers are found on the same plant however in nature plants containing flowers of both sexes are rare 6 The male flowers consist of bright red 10 mm long filaments whilst the female flowers are yellow brown and contain 5 10 styles bunched at the apex 1 There are two subspecies Trithuria inconspicua subsp inconspicua is found in dune lakes of Northland in the far north of the North Island and T inconspicua subsp brevistyla is found in glacial lakes of the southern South Island Smissen R D Ford K A Champion P D and Heenan P B Australian Systematic Botany 32 1 1 11 2019 http www nzflora info factsheet taxon Trithuria inconspicua htmlThe first flowering plant editBased on molecular data from a single plastid gene rbcL T inconspicua was originally believed to a monocot 7 However a more recent study using multiple genetic loci supported by a subsequent re evaluation of morphological characteristics now places T inconspicua as a sister group with the water lilies Nymphaeales 8 This new placement of T inconspicua means only a single lineage of flowering plant is thought to be older that being the woody New Caledonian shrub Amborella trichopoda 9 The predominant view that Amborella represents the oldest flowering plant was recently challenged in a study by Goremykini et al 2013 10 who showed that when highly variable sites were removed from the dataset T inconspicua was consistently identified as the oldest angiosperm lineage This proposal has attracted criticism from Drew et al 2014 who argued that the basal placement of T inconspicua is an artifact of the variable site filtering method used by Goremykini et al 2013 11 One of the main reasons why people are interested in this question is that placing T inconspicua at the base of the angiosperm lineage would suggest the first angiosperms were soft bodied aquatic plants rather than a woody terrestrial plants like Amborella These competing theories have been given the light hearted monikers wet and wild and dark and disturbed 11 12 13 Conservation status editTrithuria inconspicua is seriously threatened 1 due to the competition by the introduced bladder wort Utricularia gibba as well as other fresh water weeds References edit a b c d New Zealand Plant Conservation Network Cheeseman T F 1906 Manual of the New Zealand Flora New Zealand Government p 756 OCLC 688378960 Wikidata Q5992016 a b Trithuria inconspicua Cheeseman Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 18 May 2022 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Dmitry D Sokoloff Margarita V Remizowa Terry D Macfarlane and Paula J Rudall 2008 Classification of the early divergent angiosperm family Hydatellaceae one genus instead of two four new species and sexual dimorphism in dioecious taxa Taxon 57 1 179 200 Pledge David H 1974 Some Observations on Hydatella Inconspicua Cheesem Cheesem Centrolepidaceae New Zealand Journal of Botany 12 4 559 61 Michelangeli Fabian A Jerrold I Davis and Dennis Wm Stevenson 2003 Phylogenetic Relationships among Poaceae and Related Families as Inferred from Morphology Inversions in the Plastid Genome and Sequence Data from the Mitochondrial and Plastid Genomes American Journal of Botany 90 1 93 106 Saarela Jeffery M Hardeep S Rai James A Doyle Peter K Endress Sarah Mathews Adam D Marchant Barbara G Briggs and Sean W Graham 2007 Hydatellaceae Identified as a New Branch near the Base of the Angiosperm Phylogenetic Tree Nature 446 7133 312 15 Friis Else Marie and Peter Crane 2007 Botany New Home for Tiny Aquatics Nature 446 7133 269 70 Goremykini V V Nikiforova S V Biggs P J Zhong B de Lange P Martin W Woetzel S Atherton R A McLenachan T Lockhart P J 2013 The evolutionary root of flowering plants Systematic Biology 61 1 50 61 a b Drew Bryan T Brad R Ruhfel Stephen A Smith Michael J Moore Barbara G Briggs Matthew A Gitzendanner Pamela S Soltis and Douglas E Soltis 2014 Another Look at the Root of the Angiosperms Reveals a Familiar Tale Systematic Biology 63 3 368 82 Feild Taylor S Nan Crystal Arens James A Doyle Todd E Dawson and Michael J Donoghue 2004 Dark and Disturbed A New Image of Early Angiosperm Ecology Paleobiology 30 1 82 107 Coiffard C B Gomez and F Thevenard 2007 Early Cretaceous Angiosperm Invasion of Western Europe and Major Environmental Changes Annals of Botany 100 3 545 53 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trithuria inconspicua amp oldid 1163182052, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
