Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is a mild alkali.
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative. Its E number is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda. It is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor. It is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine,[4] amongst others.
Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.
Bufferingedit
Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid. The violet curve corresponds to the trisodium citrate.
As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH. It is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts. It can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.[citation needed] The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0. It is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans[citation needed], mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although it also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.[5]
Chemistryedit
Sodium citrate is a component in Benedict's qualitative solution, often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose.
Medicineedit
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, with Richard Lewisohn determining its correct concentration in 1915. It continues to be used today in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks. The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism. Recently, trisodium citrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.[6]
In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.[7]
It is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.
Boiler descalingedit
Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation[8] and for cleaning automobile radiators.[9]
^Ozcan-Yilsay, T; Lee, W.-J. (2007). "Effect of Trisodium Citrate on Rheological and Physical Properties and Microstructure of Yogurt". Journal of Dairy Science. 90 (4): 1644–1652. doi:10.3168/jds.2006-538. PMID 17369204.
^"Locking Solutions for Hemodialysis Catheters" (PDF).
^V. Ööpik; I. Saaremets; L. Medijainen; K. Karelson; T. Janson; S. Timpmann (2003). "Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 37 (6): 485–489. doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.6.485. PMC1724692. PMID 14665584.
trisodium, citrate, chemical, formula, na3c6h5o7, sometimes, referred, simply, sodium, citrate, though, sodium, citrate, refer, three, sodium, salts, citric, acid, possesses, saline, mildly, tart, flavor, mild, alkali, sodium, citrate, namespreferred, iupac, n. Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7 It is sometimes referred to simply as sodium citrate though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid It possesses a saline mildly tart flavor and is a mild alkali Sodium citrate NamesPreferred IUPAC name Trisodium 2 hydroxypropane 1 2 3 tricarboxylateOther names Sodium citrateTrisodium citrateCitrosodineCitric acid trisodium saltE331IdentifiersCAS Number 68 04 2 Y6132 04 3 dihydrate Y6858 44 2 pentahydrate Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChEMBL ChEMBL1355 YChemSpider 5989 YECHA InfoCard 100 000 614E number E331iii antioxidants PubChem CID 6224RTECS number GE8300000UNII RS7A450LGA YB22547B95K dihydrate YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID2026363InChI InChI 1S C6H8O7 3Na c7 3 8 1 6 13 5 11 12 2 4 9 10 h13H 1 2H2 H 7 8 H 9 10 H 11 12 q 3 1 p 3 NKey HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ UHFFFAOYSA K NInChI 1 C6H8O7 3Na c7 3 8 1 6 13 5 11 12 2 4 9 10 h13H 1 2H2 H 7 8 H 9 10 H 11 12 q 3 1 p 3Key HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ DFZHHIFOALSMILES C C O O C CC O O C O O O Na Na Na PropertiesChemical formula Na3C6H5O7Molar mass 258 06 g mol anhydrous 294 10 g mol dihydrate Appearance White crystalline powderDensity 1 7 g cm3Melting point gt 300 C 572 F 573 K hydrates lose water ca 150 C Boiling point DecomposesSolubility in water Anhydrous form 57 g 100 g H2O 25 C 1 Pentahydrate form 92 g 100 g H2O 25 C 2 HazardsOccupational safety and health OHS OSH Main hazards IrritantNFPA 704 fire diamond 100Lethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 1548 mg kg intraperitoneal rat 3 Safety data sheet SDS External MSDSRelated compoundsRelated compounds Monosodium citrateDisodium citrateCalcium citrateCitric acidExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Uses 1 1 Foods 1 1 1 Buffering 1 2 Chemistry 1 3 Medicine 1 4 Boiler descaling 2 See also 3 ReferencesUses editFoods edit Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive usually for flavor or as a preservative Its E number is E331 Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda It is common as an ingredient in bratwurst and is also used in commercial ready to drink beverages and drink mixes contributing a tart flavor It is found in gelatin mix ice cream yogurt jams sweets milk powder processed cheeses carbonated beverages and wine 4 amongst others Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating Buffering edit nbsp Speciation diagram for a 10 millimolar solution of citric acid The violet curve corresponds to the trisodium citrate As a conjugate base of a weak acid citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator resisting changes in pH It is used to control acidity in some substances such as gelatin desserts It can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines The compound is the product of antacids such as Alka Seltzer when they are dissolved in water citation needed The pH of a solution of 5 g 100 ml water at 25 C is 7 5 9 0 It is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans citation needed mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt although it also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure 5 Chemistry edit Sodium citrate is a component in Benedict s qualitative solution often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose Medicine edit In 1914 the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions with Richard Lewisohn determining its correct concentration in 1915 It continues to be used today in blood collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes disrupting the blood clotting mechanism Recently trisodium citrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation 6 In 2003 Oopik et al showed the use of sodium citrate 0 5 g kg body weight improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds 7 Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections such as cystitis to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis and can also be used as an osmotic laxative It is a major component of the WHO oral rehydration solution It is used as an antacid especially prior to anaesthesia for caesarian section procedures to reduce the risks associated with the aspiration of gastric contents Boiler descaling edit Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation 8 and for cleaning automobile radiators 9 See also editMonosodium citrate Disodium citrate Citric acidReferences edit Sodium citrate 68 04 2 Retrieved 14 December 2023 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Retrieved 22 November 2013 Chambers Michael ChemIDplus 68 04 2 HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ UHFFFAOYSA K Sodium citrate anhydrous Similar structures search synonyms formulas resource links and other chemical information chem nlm nih gov Permitted Emulsifying Salt E331 Ozcan Yilsay T Lee W J 2007 Effect of Trisodium Citrate on Rheological and Physical Properties and Microstructure of Yogurt Journal of Dairy Science 90 4 1644 1652 doi 10 3168 jds 2006 538 PMID 17369204 Locking Solutions for Hemodialysis Catheters PDF V Oopik I Saaremets L Medijainen K Karelson T Janson S Timpmann 2003 Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners British Journal of Sports Medicine 37 6 485 489 doi 10 1136 bjsm 37 6 485 PMC 1724692 PMID 14665584 U S patent 3 095 862 MSDS PDF Retrieved from https en 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