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Tretyakov Gallery

August 17, 2023

The State Tretyakov Gallery (Russian: Государственная Третьяковская Галерея, romanized: Gosudarstvennaya Tretyakovskaya Galereya; abbreviated ГТГ, GTG) is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, which is considered the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world.

State Tretyakov Gallery
Lavrushinsky Lane
Interactive fullscreen map
Established1856
LocationMoscow, Russia
Coordinates55°44′29.000″N 37°37′15.110″E / 55.74138889°N 37.62086389°E / 55.74138889; 37.62086389
TypeArt museum
Visitors894,374 (2020)
DirectorElena Pronicheva [ru][1]
Websitetretyakov.ru

The gallery's history starts in 1856 when the Muscovite merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired works by Russian artists of his day with the aim of creating a collection, which might later grow into a museum of national art. In 1892, Tretyakov presented his already famous collection of approximately 2,000 works (1,362 paintings, 526 drawings, and 9 sculptures) to the Russian nation.[2][3] The museum attracted 894,374 visitors in 2020 (down 68 percent from 2019), due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was 13th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world in 2020.[4]

The façade of the gallery building was designed by the painter Viktor Vasnetsov in a peculiar Russian fairy-tale style. It was built in 1902–04 to the south from the Moscow Kremlin. During the 20th century, the gallery expanded to several neighboring buildings, including the 17th-century church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi.

The collection contains more than 130,000 exhibits, ranging from the Theotokos of Vladimir to the monumental Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky and the Black Square by Kazimir Malevich.

In 1977 the Gallery kept a significant part of the George Costakis collection.

In May 2012, the Tretyakov Art Gallery played host to the prestigious FIDE World Chess Championship between Viswanathan Anand and Boris Gelfand as the organizers felt the event would promote both chess and art at the same time.[5]

In May 2023, the Tretyakov Gallery refused to hand over one of its most famous icons, Andrei Rublev's Trinity, to the Russian Orthodox Church.[6] In June 2023 the icon was transferred to Moscow's main cathedral despite the museum's protests on the personal order of Russian President Vladimir Putin.[7]

History

 
Kazimir Malevich, Black Square (1915)
 
The Archangel Michael (13th c.)

Pavel Tretyakov started collecting art in the middle of 1850. The founding year of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856, when Tretyakov purchased two paintings of Russian artists: Temptation by Nikolay Shilder and Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers by Vasily Khudyakov, although earlier, in 1854–1855, he had bought 11 drawings and nine pictures by Dutch Old Masters. In 1867 the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened. The gallery's collection consisted of 1,276 paintings, 471 sculptures and 10 drawings by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters.

In August 1892 Tretyakov presented his art gallery to the city of Moscow as a gift.[8] In the collection at this time, there were 1,287 paintings and 518 graphic works of the Russian school, 75 paintings and eight drawings of European schools, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons. The official opening of the museum called the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov took place on 15 August 1893.

The gallery was located in a mansion that the Tretyakov family had purchased in 1851. As the Tretyakov collection of art grew, the residential part of the mansion filled with art and it became necessary to make additions to the mansion in order to store and display the works of art. Additions were made in 1873, 1882, 1885, 1892 and 1902–1904, when there was the famous façade, designed in 1900–1903 by architect V. Bashkirov from the drawings of the artist Viktor Vasnetsov. Construction of the façade was managed by the architect A. M. Kalmykov.

In early 1913, the Moscow City Duma elected Igor Grabar as a trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery.

On 3 June 1918 the Tretyakov Gallery was declared owned by the Russian Federated Soviet Republic and was named the State Tretyakov Gallery. Igor Grabar was again appointed director of the museum. With Grabar's active participation in the same year, the State Museum Fund was created, which up until 1927 remained one of the most important sources of replenishment of the gallery's collection.

In 1926 architect and academician Alexey Shchusev became the director of the gallery. In the following year the gallery acquired the neighboring house on Maly Tolmachevsky Lane (the house was the former home of the merchant Sokolikov). After restructuring in 1928, it housed the gallery's administration, academic departments, library, manuscripts department, and funds and graphics staffs. In 1985–1994, an administrative building was built from the design of architect A. L. Bernstein with two floors and height equal to that of the exposition halls.

In 1928 serious renovations were made to the gallery to provide heating and ventilation. In 1929 electricity was installed.

In 1929 the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi was closed, and in 1932 the building was given to the gallery and became a storage facility for paintings and sculptures. Later, the church was connected to the exposition halls and a top floor was built which was specially designed for exhibiting a painting by Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov,The Appearance of Christ Before the People (1837–1857). A transition space was built between rooms located on either side of the main staircase. This ensured the continuity of the view of exposure. The gallery began to develop a new concept of accommodating exhibits.

In 1936, a new two floor building was constructed which is located on the north side of the main building – it is known as the Schusevsky building. These halls were first used for exhibitions, and since 1940 have been included in the main route of exposure.

Vladimir Putin and Serzh Sargsyan opening the Days of Armenian Culture in Russia at the Tretyakov Gallery

From the first days of the Great War, the gallery's personnel began dismantling the exhibition, as well as those of other museums in Moscow, in preparation for evacuating during wartime. Paintings were rolled on wooden shafts, covered with tissue paper, placed in boxes, and sheathed with waterproof material. In the middle of the summer of 1941 a train of 17 wagons traveled from Moscow and brought the collection to Novosibirsk. The gallery was not reopened in Moscow until 17 May 1945, upon the conclusion of the Great War.

 
Tretyakov Gallery on a 1950 postage stamp, with a statue of Stalin outside.

In 1956, in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Alexander Ivanov Hall was completed.

From 1980 to 1992, the director of the Tretyakov Gallery was Y. K. Korolev. Because of the increased number of visitors, Korolev was actively engaged in expanding the area of exposition. In 1983, construction work began to expand the gallery. In 1985 the Depository, a repository of works of art and restoration workshops, was commissioned. In 1986 renovations began on the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery. The architects I. M. Vinogradsky, G. V. Astafev, B. A. Klimov and others were retained to perform this project. In 1989, on the south side of the main building, a new building was designed and constructed to house a conference hall, a computer and information center, children's studio and exhibition halls. The building was named the "Corps of Engineers", because it housed engineering systems and services.

From 1986 to 1995, the Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane was closed to visitors to accommodate a major renovation project to the building. At the time, the only museum in the exhibition area of this decade was the building on the Crimean Val, 10, which in 1985 was merged with the Tretyakov Gallery.

 
New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val

Gallery of modern art

In 1985, the Tretyakov Gallery was administratively merged with a gallery of contemporary art, housed in the Central House of the Artists a large modernist building along the Garden Ring, immediately south of the Krymsky Bridge. The grounds of this branch of the museum contain a collection of Socialist Realism sculpture, including such highlights as Yevgeny Vuchetich's iconic statue Iron Felix (which was removed from Lubyanka Square in 1991), the Swords Into Plowshares sculpture representing a nude worker forging a plough out of a sword, and the Young Russia monument. Nearby is Zurab Tsereteli's 86-metre-tall statue of Peter the Great, one of the tallest outdoor statues in the world.

Near the gallery of modern art there is a sculpture garden called "the graveyard of fallen monuments" that displays statues of former Soviet Union that were relocated.

There are plans to demolish the gallery constructed in the late Soviet modernism style, though public opinion is strongly against this.[9][10]

Directors

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Глава Третьяковской галереи Трегулова покинула пост" (in Russian). ria.ru. 2023-02-09.
  2. ^ Korolev & Iovleva (1992), 13
  3. ^ "The donation of the Gallery to Moscow, 1892-1898". The State Tretyakov Gallery website. Accessed 24 March 2012.
  4. ^ The Art Newspaper list of most-visited art museums, March 30, 2021
  5. ^ "2012 Anand - Gelfand : World Chess Championship". www.mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  6. ^ Times, The Moscow (2023-05-24). "Tretyakov Gallery Defies Putin's Orders to Hand Historic Icon to Church". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  7. ^ "Russia's most famous icon handed over from museum to church despite protests". Washington Post. 2023-06-04. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  8. ^ "Russia and the Arts: The Age of Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky – TRETYAKOV". www.npg.org.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  9. ^ House of Artists not only for Artists, Moscow Time, November 5, 2009
  10. ^ "Moscow Cultural Landmark Is Seen as Threatened". The New York Times. Accessed 24 March 2012.
  11. ^ a b c d "Не вписалась в курс". Meduza (in Russian). 11 February 2023.

Sources

  • Korolev, Yuri Konstantinovich & Iovleva, Lydia Ivanova (1992). The Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow, Russia: Izobrazitelnoye Iskusstvo Publishers. ISBN 9785852001771

External links

  • Official website of the Tretyakov Gallery
  • Tretyakov Gallery within Google Arts & Culture
  •   Media related to State Tretyakov Gallery at Wikimedia Commons

August 17, 2023
tretyakov, gallery, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, russian, january, 2017, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, tra. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian January 2017 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Gosudarstvennaya Tretyakovskaya galereya see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Gosudarstvennaya Tretyakovskaya galereya to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The State Tretyakov Gallery Russian Gosudarstvennaya Tretyakovskaya Galereya romanized Gosudarstvennaya Tretyakovskaya Galereya abbreviated GTG GTG is an art gallery in Moscow Russia which is considered the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world State Tretyakov GalleryLavrushinsky LaneInteractive fullscreen mapEstablished1856LocationMoscow RussiaCoordinates55 44 29 000 N 37 37 15 110 E 55 74138889 N 37 62086389 E 55 74138889 37 62086389TypeArt museumVisitors894 374 2020 Ranked 3rd nationally Ranked 13th globallyDirectorElena Pronicheva ru 1 Websitetretyakov ruThe gallery s history starts in 1856 when the Muscovite merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired works by Russian artists of his day with the aim of creating a collection which might later grow into a museum of national art In 1892 Tretyakov presented his already famous collection of approximately 2 000 works 1 362 paintings 526 drawings and 9 sculptures to the Russian nation 2 3 The museum attracted 894 374 visitors in 2020 down 68 percent from 2019 due to the COVID 19 pandemic It was 13th on the list of most visited art museums in the world in 2020 4 The facade of the gallery building was designed by the painter Viktor Vasnetsov in a peculiar Russian fairy tale style It was built in 1902 04 to the south from the Moscow Kremlin During the 20th century the gallery expanded to several neighboring buildings including the 17th century church of St Nicholas in Tolmachi The collection contains more than 130 000 exhibits ranging from the Theotokos of Vladimir to the monumental Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky and the Black Square by Kazimir Malevich In 1977 the Gallery kept a significant part of the George Costakis collection In May 2012 the Tretyakov Art Gallery played host to the prestigious FIDE World Chess Championship between Viswanathan Anand and Boris Gelfand as the organizers felt the event would promote both chess and art at the same time 5 In May 2023 the Tretyakov Gallery refused to hand over one of its most famous icons Andrei Rublev s Trinity to the Russian Orthodox Church 6 In June 2023 the icon was transferred to Moscow s main cathedral despite the museum s protests on the personal order of Russian President Vladimir Putin 7 Contents 1 History 2 Gallery of modern art 3 Directors 4 Gallery 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksHistory Edit Kazimir Malevich Black Square 1915 The Archangel Michael 13th c Pavel Tretyakov started collecting art in the middle of 1850 The founding year of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856 when Tretyakov purchased two paintings of Russian artists Temptation by Nikolay Shilder and Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers by Vasily Khudyakov although earlier in 1854 1855 he had bought 11 drawings and nine pictures by Dutch Old Masters In 1867 the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened The gallery s collection consisted of 1 276 paintings 471 sculptures and 10 drawings by Russian artists as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters In August 1892 Tretyakov presented his art gallery to the city of Moscow as a gift 8 In the collection at this time there were 1 287 paintings and 518 graphic works of the Russian school 75 paintings and eight drawings of European schools 15 sculptures and a collection of icons The official opening of the museum called the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov took place on 15 August 1893 The gallery was located in a mansion that the Tretyakov family had purchased in 1851 As the Tretyakov collection of art grew the residential part of the mansion filled with art and it became necessary to make additions to the mansion in order to store and display the works of art Additions were made in 1873 1882 1885 1892 and 1902 1904 when there was the famous facade designed in 1900 1903 by architect V Bashkirov from the drawings of the artist Viktor Vasnetsov Construction of the facade was managed by the architect A M Kalmykov In early 1913 the Moscow City Duma elected Igor Grabar as a trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery On 3 June 1918 the Tretyakov Gallery was declared owned by the Russian Federated Soviet Republic and was named the State Tretyakov Gallery Igor Grabar was again appointed director of the museum With Grabar s active participation in the same year the State Museum Fund was created which up until 1927 remained one of the most important sources of replenishment of the gallery s collection In 1926 architect and academician Alexey Shchusev became the director of the gallery In the following year the gallery acquired the neighboring house on Maly Tolmachevsky Lane the house was the former home of the merchant Sokolikov After restructuring in 1928 it housed the gallery s administration academic departments library manuscripts department and funds and graphics staffs In 1985 1994 an administrative building was built from the design of architect A L Bernstein with two floors and height equal to that of the exposition halls In 1928 serious renovations were made to the gallery to provide heating and ventilation In 1929 electricity was installed In 1929 the Church of St Nicholas in Tolmachi was closed and in 1932 the building was given to the gallery and became a storage facility for paintings and sculptures Later the church was connected to the exposition halls and a top floor was built which was specially designed for exhibiting a painting by Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov The Appearance of Christ Before the People 1837 1857 A transition space was built between rooms located on either side of the main staircase This ensured the continuity of the view of exposure The gallery began to develop a new concept of accommodating exhibits In 1936 a new two floor building was constructed which is located on the north side of the main building it is known as the Schusevsky building These halls were first used for exhibitions and since 1940 have been included in the main route of exposure source source source source source source source source Vladimir Putin and Serzh Sargsyan opening the Days of Armenian Culture in Russia at the Tretyakov GalleryFrom the first days of the Great War the gallery s personnel began dismantling the exhibition as well as those of other museums in Moscow in preparation for evacuating during wartime Paintings were rolled on wooden shafts covered with tissue paper placed in boxes and sheathed with waterproof material In the middle of the summer of 1941 a train of 17 wagons traveled from Moscow and brought the collection to Novosibirsk The gallery was not reopened in Moscow until 17 May 1945 upon the conclusion of the Great War Tretyakov Gallery on a 1950 postage stamp with a statue of Stalin outside In 1956 in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Tretyakov Gallery the Alexander Ivanov Hall was completed From 1980 to 1992 the director of the Tretyakov Gallery was Y K Korolev Because of the increased number of visitors Korolev was actively engaged in expanding the area of exposition In 1983 construction work began to expand the gallery In 1985 the Depository a repository of works of art and restoration workshops was commissioned In 1986 renovations began on the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery The architects I M Vinogradsky G V Astafev B A Klimov and others were retained to perform this project In 1989 on the south side of the main building a new building was designed and constructed to house a conference hall a computer and information center children s studio and exhibition halls The building was named the Corps of Engineers because it housed engineering systems and services From 1986 to 1995 the Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane was closed to visitors to accommodate a major renovation project to the building At the time the only museum in the exhibition area of this decade was the building on the Crimean Val 10 which in 1985 was merged with the Tretyakov Gallery New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky ValGallery of modern art EditIn 1985 the Tretyakov Gallery was administratively merged with a gallery of contemporary art housed in the Central House of the Artists a large modernist building along the Garden Ring immediately south of the Krymsky Bridge The grounds of this branch of the museum contain a collection of Socialist Realism sculpture including such highlights as Yevgeny Vuchetich s iconic statue Iron Felix which was removed from Lubyanka Square in 1991 the Swords Into Plowshares sculpture representing a nude worker forging a plough out of a sword and the Young Russia monument Nearby is Zurab Tsereteli s 86 metre tall statue of Peter the Great one of the tallest outdoor statues in the world Near the gallery of modern art there is a sculpture garden called the graveyard of fallen monuments that displays statues of former Soviet Union that were relocated There are plans to demolish the gallery constructed in the late Soviet modernism style though public opinion is strongly against this 9 10 Directors EditValentin Rodionov 1993 2009 11 Irina Lebedeba 2009 2015 11 Zelfira Tregulova 2015 2023 11 Yelena Pronicheva since 2023 11 Gallery Edit Ustyug Annunciation c 1120 1130 Theotokos of Vladimir c 1130 Andrei Rublev Trinity 1411 or 1423 1425 Dionisius Hodegetria of Smolensk c 1500 Athanasius of Moscow Blessed Be the Host of the King of Heaven 1552 Ivan Nikitin Portrait of Chancellor Gavriil Golovkin c 1720 Georg Christoph Grooth The Empress Elizabeth of Russia on Horseback Attended by a Page 1743 Andre Jean Lebrun Bust of Kyrylo Rozumovskyi 1766 Anton Losenko Farewell of Hector and Andromache 1773 Ivan Akimov Hercules Burning Himself on the Pyre in the Presence of His Friend Philoctetes 1782 Dmitry Levitzky Catherine the Great in a Temple of Justice 1783 Vladimir Borovikovsky Portrait of Maria Lopukhina 1797 Orest Kiprensky Portrait of Alexander Pushkin 1823 Karl Bryullov Horsewoman 1832 Alexander Ivanov The Appearance of Christ Before the People 1837 1857 Alexei Savrasov The Rooks Have Come Back 1871 Vasily Vereshchagin The Apotheosis of War 1871 Ivan Kramskoi Christ in the Desert 1872 Ilya Repin Religious Procession in Kursk Province 1880 1883 Vasily Surikov The Morning of the Streltsy Execution 1881 Ivan Kramskoi Portrait of an Unknown Woman 1883 Valentin Serov Girl with Peaches 1887 Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky Morning in a Pine Forest 1889 Nikolai Ge Quid Est Veritas Christ and Pilate 1890 Mikhail Vrubel The Demon Seated 1890 Victor Vasnetsov Bogatyrs 1898 Filipp Malyavin Whirlwind 1906 Mikhail Nesterov In Rus The Soul of the People 1916 References Edit Glava Tretyakovskoj galerei Tregulova pokinula post in Russian ria ru 2023 02 09 Korolev amp Iovleva 1992 13 The donation of the Gallery to Moscow 1892 1898 The State Tretyakov Gallery website Accessed 24 March 2012 The Art Newspaper list of most visited art museums March 30 2021 2012 Anand Gelfand World Chess Championship www mark weeks com Retrieved 1 April 2018 Times The Moscow 2023 05 24 Tretyakov Gallery Defies Putin s Orders to Hand Historic Icon to Church The Moscow Times Retrieved 2023 06 15 Russia s most famous icon handed over from museum to church despite protests Washington Post 2023 06 04 ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2023 06 15 Russia and the Arts The Age of Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky TRETYAKOV www npg org uk Retrieved 1 April 2018 House of Artists not only for Artists Moscow Time November 5 2009 Moscow Cultural Landmark Is Seen as Threatened The New York Times Accessed 24 March 2012 a b c d Ne vpisalas v kurs Meduza in Russian 11 February 2023 Sources EditKorolev Yuri Konstantinovich amp Iovleva Lydia Ivanova 1992 The Tretyakov Gallery Moscow Russia Izobrazitelnoye Iskusstvo Publishers ISBN 9785852001771External links EditOfficial website of the Tretyakov Gallery Tretyakov Gallery within Google Arts amp Culture Media related to State Tretyakov Gallery at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tretyakov Gallery amp oldid 1170494154, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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