Athanasius, Metropolitan of Moscow
Athanasius (Russian: Афанасий; real name – Андрей, or Andrei) (early 16th century – 1570s) was the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus' from March 1564[1] to May 1566.[2] He was the eleventh metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm.
Metropolitan | |
|---|---|
| Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia | |
| Church | Russian Orthodox Church |
| See | Moscow |
| Installed | March 1564 |
| Term ended | May 1566 |
| Predecessor | Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow |
| Successor | Herman of Kazan and Svyazhsk |
| Personal details | |
| Born | early 16th century |
| Died | 1570s |
Early life edit
In 1530s–1540s, Athanasius served as a priest in Pereslavl-Zalessky. In 1549–1550, he was appointed archpriest of the Cathedral of the Annunciation in the Moscow Kremlin and became Ivan the Terrible's personal confessor.[3] Athanasius accompanied the tsar during his military campaign against Kazan in 1552 and held a service during the laying of the foundation stone of the Annunciation Cathedral in that city.[4] He was known as a writer and icon painter.
Athanasius participated in the church sobors of 1553 and 1554 as a witness with regards to the restoration of icons and frescos in the Kremlin cathedrals after the fire of 1547. In 1555–1556, Athanasius was engaged in restoring the Icon of Nikolai Velikoretsky together with Metropolitan Macarius. In 1567, he participated in the restoration of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir. It is believed that Athanasius is the author of the icon called The Belligerent Church ("Церковь воинствующая"). Also, he wrote the Life of Daniel of Pereyaslavl (Житие Даниила Переяславского; 1556–1562) and (supposedly) the Book of Generations (Степенная книга; between 1560 and 1563). In 1562, Athanasius was admitted to the Chudov Monastery.[5] In 1564, he was elected Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia, replacing the deceased Metropolitan Macarius. It was Metropolitan Athanasius to whom Ivan the Terrible would address his message on the introduction of the oprichnina in 1565. Athanasius would often talk to the tsar and express his concern about the disgraced.
Officially, Metropolitan Athanasius left his post due to a "grave sickness", but some Russian historians believe that it was his rejection of oprichnina that would cost him his post. Athanasius moved to the Chudov Monastery and lived there until his death.[6]
References edit
- ^ Вопросы истории религии и атеизма: сборник статей (in Russian). Издательство Академии наук СССР. 1963. p. 279. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Зимин, Александр Александрович (1977). Крупная феодальная вотчина и социально-политическая борьба в России: конец XV-XVI в (in Russian). Наука. p. 312. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ А.С, УСАЧЕВ (2019). "НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О БИОГРАФИИ МИТРОПОЛИТА АФАНАСИЯ (1564-1566)". РУСЬ, РОССИЯ. СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЕ И НОВОЕ ВРЕМЯ (9): 113–116. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ МАКАРИЙ, Игумен. "ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ МИТРОПОЛИТ АФАНАСИЙ (1564—1566)" (PDF). БОГОСЛОВСКИЕ ТРУДЫ. 25: 247. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Скрынников, Р. Г. (1992). Царство террора (in Russian). Nauka. p. 179. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Флоря, Борис Николаевич (1999). Иван Грозный (in Russian). Молодая гвардия. p. 206. ISBN 978-5-235-02340-6. Retrieved 24 May 2024.