Trebižat River is located in the south-western region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Neretva basin and it is a major tributary of the Neretva river. The river rises from the large karstic wellspring within cave in Peć Mlini village. This wellspring is continuation of the Vrljika (Matica) river which sunk few kilometers before and on a plain above, at the southeastern end of Imotsko Polje near Drinovci in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [1]
Sinking river
Trebižat is 51 km long and is the second largest losing (sinking) stream in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose waters drains into the underground and reappear several times at various locations, but as a river the Trebižat sinks only once as the Matica, in estavelle(s) at the southeastern edge of Imotsko Polje near Drinovci, and reappears again in Peć Mlini wellspring as the Tihaljina (later Trebižat), renamed afterwards nine more times. In terms of length, it comes right after the Trebišnjica river which is the largest river of this kind in the world and also a tributary of the Neretva watershed.
Nine names of the Trebižat river
After rise in Peć-Mlini, river is named Tihaljina.
Because the Trebižat River disappears and reappears various times and places, the people used to call it different names. At least nine names are regularly used, and few other are known to be used as well - overall some thirteen names are known to be used at different point in times and/or by different communities along its course, at various location and for different sections: the Vrljika (from its original wellspring at Proložac to Kamenost (Podbablje)), the Matica (from Kamenmost in Croatia to Drinovci in Bosnia and Herzegovina), the Tihaljina (from wellspring at Peć Mlini to Mladi), the Mlade (from Mlade to Perila), the Stari (Old) Prokop & the (New) Prokop or the Kanal (from Perila to Jegetina), and the Trebižat (from Jegetina, through Ljubuško Polje, till confluence with the Neretva in village Struge near Čapljina); also at various places the river is called Brina, Culuša, Ričina, Suvaja (at Posušje), & Rika.
Waterfalls
A special characteristic of Bosnia and Herzegovina's water systems are the plethora of waterfalls dotting the landscape. Among the most beautiful and biggest are the: Štrbački cascade (23.5 m high – quantitatively the biggest waterfall in Bosnia and Herzegovina), Martin Brod on the Una River, Pliva Falls in Jajce (27 m), Kravice Falls and Koćuša falls on the Trebižat River.[2]
The most attractive landmark on the Trebižat River is Kravice Falls, located 3 km downstream from the Vitaljina, in Studenci near Ljubuški. Similar to Krka Falls and Plitvice Lakes, Trebižat River is also in a constant process of natural tufadeposit. It is known that travertine barriers and waterfalls can grow only in water of high purity and quality, so it is not strange that the landscape of a natural phenomenon that is Trebižat was proposed for protection as a Nature Park by concerned NGO's in Bosnia and Herzegovina on more than a few occasions.[citation needed]
Tufa barriere of Ćeveljuša Falls is in its early stage of formation
Waters utilization
Ravlića Cave in the cliffs above the river wellspring, one of sites in the area inhabited from early Neolithic to early Bronze AgeEarly Christian site
Since time immemorial the Trebižat valley was inhabited by men thanks to its advantageous natural environment. Karst provided safe habitat with abundance of caves, fresh waters supply, fertile land with variety of natural produce. During antiquity valley was part of the Roman Dalmatia, inhabited by Illyrians, with farming already at high level of development. Many Roman settlements and farms were discovered in the region, with villas, such as Mogorjelo, as focal point of farming life and representative archaeological find, as well as later antiquity basilikas being excavated in the area. During medieval times area belonged to powerful Bosnian magnate family of Kosača, and later came under Ottoman rule. Agriculture was always primary enterprise for the inhabitants of the Trebižat valley and wider region, so is today. Waters of the river playing a key role in it. In recent times hydroelectric power plant Peć Mlini was built alongside the river's wellspring in Peć Mlini, at the site where Vrljika/Matica sinks and reappears as Tihaljina/Trebižat, practically traversing sink-hole. HPP Peć Mlini generates 2×15,3 MW.[3]
Ecology and protection
HE Peć Mlini
The water regime of the Trebižat River is affected by the extraction of its water for hydropower plants, irrigation and fish farming, and the river suffers from some pollution. Trebižat River flows through an area of remarkable ecological value, hosting protected areas such as the travertine formation around Kravice Waterfall. Although there have been many negative anthropogenic impacts in recent years on the Trebižat River, especially from hydropower and irrigation exploitation, unchecked urbanization and tourism, the analyses of aquatic organisms, river ecology and river morphology still shows a high ecoloical diversity, despite high level of endangerment. Various actions are considered with the aim of preserving the Trebižat River and its riparianecosystem.[4][5] The area was assessed in terms of its geography, climate conditions, historic heritage of the river, demography, geology of the river and its tributaries, river hydrology and morphology, ecological characteristics, river pollution, river use, and river management.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trebižat.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tihaljina river.
^"Southeast Europe: People and Culture: Trebižat River". www.southeast-europe.eu. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
^"Lakes and Rivers of B&H - Green Visions B&H". www.greenvisions.ba. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
^"Brochure HE Peć-Mlini" (pdf). www.ephzhb.ba. EP HZHB. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
^"Environmental flow assessment for river Trebizat, Bosnia & Herzegovina" (PDF). meetingorganizer.copernicus.org Online Service for Science - Copernicus Office. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
^"Groundwater Vulnerability in Western Herzegovina" (PDF). www.boku.ac.at. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
External links
Ljubuski municipality
Wine route Herzegovina
Narenta
NGO for Environment protection ZELENI-NERETVA Konjic
WWF Panda - Living Neretva
Čapljina municipality
Neretva.org Open Project
INWEB Internationally Shared Surface Water Bodies in the Balkan Region
Troy - possible locations within Neretva valley
August 21, 2023
trebižat, river, trebižat, serbian, cyrillic, Требижат, river, southern, part, bosnia, herzegovina, major, right, tributary, neretva, river, trebižatvrljika, imotski, matica, drinovci, suvaja, posušje, tihaljina, peć, mlini, mlade, mlade, stari, prokop, prokop. The Trebizat Serbian Cyrillic Trebizhat is a river in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and major right tributary of the Neretva River TrebizatVrljika at Imotski Matica at Drinovci Suvaja at Posusje Tihaljina at Pec Mlini Mlade at Mlade Stari Old Prokop amp New Prokop or Kanal at Jegetina Trebizat till mouth also at various places Culusa Ricina Rika amp BrinaThe Trebizat River in LjubuskiTrebizat confluence with NeretvaNative nameRika Serbo Croatian LocationCountryBosnia and HerzegovinaCitiesLjubuski CapljinaPhysical characteristicsSource locationPec Mlini coordinates43 20 12 N 17 19 24 E 43 336715 N 17 323457 E 43 336715 17 323457Mouth locationNeretva at Struge near Capljina coordinates43 05 24 N 17 42 03 E 43 0899 N 17 7008 E 43 0899 17 7008Length51 km 32 mi Basin featuresProgressionVrljika Matica Tihaljina Mlade Trebizat Neretva Adriatic Sea Contents 1 Geography and hydrology 1 1 Sinking river 1 2 Nine names of the Trebizat river 2 Waterfalls 2 1 Kravica Falls 2 2 Kocusa Falls 2 3 Ceveljusa Falls 3 Waters utilization 4 Ecology and protection 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksGeography and hydrology Edit Source of the Trebizat Tihaljina at Pec MliniTrebizat River is located in the south western region of Bosnia and Herzegovina It is part of the Neretva basin and it is a major tributary of the Neretva river The river rises from the large karstic wellspring within cave in Pec Mlini village This wellspring is continuation of the Vrljika Matica river which sunk few kilometers before and on a plain above at the southeastern end of Imotsko Polje near Drinovci in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Sinking river Edit Trebizat is 51 km long and is the second largest losing sinking stream in Bosnia and Herzegovina whose waters drains into the underground and reappear several times at various locations but as a river the Trebizat sinks only once as the Matica in estavelle s at the southeastern edge of Imotsko Polje near Drinovci and reappears again in Pec Mlini wellspring as the Tihaljina later Trebizat renamed afterwards nine more times In terms of length it comes right after the Trebisnjica river which is the largest river of this kind in the world and also a tributary of the Neretva watershed Nine names of the Trebizat river Edit After rise in Pec Mlini river is named Tihaljina Because the Trebizat River disappears and reappears various times and places the people used to call it different names At least nine names are regularly used and few other are known to be used as well overall some thirteen names are known to be used at different point in times and or by different communities along its course at various location and for different sections the Vrljika from its original wellspring at Prolozac to Kamenost Podbablje the Matica from Kamenmost in Croatia to Drinovci in Bosnia and Herzegovina the Tihaljina from wellspring at Pec Mlini to Mladi the Mlade from Mlade to Perila the Stari Old Prokop amp the New Prokop or the Kanal from Perila to Jegetina and the Trebizat from Jegetina through Ljubusko Polje till confluence with the Neretva in village Struge near Capljina also at various places the river is called Brina Culusa Ricina Suvaja at Posusje amp Rika Waterfalls EditA special characteristic of Bosnia and Herzegovina s water systems are the plethora of waterfalls dotting the landscape Among the most beautiful and biggest are the Strbacki cascade 23 5 m high quantitatively the biggest waterfall in Bosnia and Herzegovina Martin Brod on the Una River Pliva Falls in Jajce 27 m Kravice Falls and Kocusa falls on the Trebizat River 2 Kravica Falls Edit Main article Kravica waterfall Waterfalls of Kravica Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe most attractive landmark on the Trebizat River is Kravice Falls located 3 km downstream from the Vitaljina in Studenci near Ljubuski Similar to Krka Falls and Plitvice Lakes Trebizat River is also in a constant process of natural tufa deposit It is known that travertine barriers and waterfalls can grow only in water of high purity and quality so it is not strange that the landscape of a natural phenomenon that is Trebizat was proposed for protection as a Nature Park by concerned NGO s in Bosnia and Herzegovina on more than a few occasions citation needed Kocusa Falls Edit Main article Kocusa waterfall Kocusa Falls on the Trebizat River yet another karst jewel of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ceveljusa Falls Edit Main article Ceveljusa waterfall Tufa barriere of Ceveljusa Falls is in its early stage of formationWaters utilization Edit Ravlica Cave in the cliffs above the river wellspring one of sites in the area inhabited from early Neolithic to early Bronze Age Early Christian siteSince time immemorial the Trebizat valley was inhabited by men thanks to its advantageous natural environment Karst provided safe habitat with abundance of caves fresh waters supply fertile land with variety of natural produce During antiquity valley was part of the Roman Dalmatia inhabited by Illyrians with farming already at high level of development Many Roman settlements and farms were discovered in the region with villas such as Mogorjelo as focal point of farming life and representative archaeological find as well as later antiquity basilikas being excavated in the area During medieval times area belonged to powerful Bosnian magnate family of Kosaca and later came under Ottoman rule Agriculture was always primary enterprise for the inhabitants of the Trebizat valley and wider region so is today Waters of the river playing a key role in it In recent times hydroelectric power plant Pec Mlini was built alongside the river s wellspring in Pec Mlini at the site where Vrljika Matica sinks and reappears as Tihaljina Trebizat practically traversing sink hole HPP Pec Mlini generates 2 15 3 MW 3 Ecology and protection Edit HE Pec MliniThe water regime of the Trebizat River is affected by the extraction of its water for hydropower plants irrigation and fish farming and the river suffers from some pollution Trebizat River flows through an area of remarkable ecological value hosting protected areas such as the travertine formation around Kravice Waterfall Although there have been many negative anthropogenic impacts in recent years on the Trebizat River especially from hydropower and irrigation exploitation unchecked urbanization and tourism the analyses of aquatic organisms river ecology and river morphology still shows a high ecoloical diversity despite high level of endangerment Various actions are considered with the aim of preserving the Trebizat River and its riparian ecosystem 4 5 The area was assessed in terms of its geography climate conditions historic heritage of the river demography geology of the river and its tributaries river hydrology and morphology ecological characteristics river pollution river use and river management See also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trebizat Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tihaljina river Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neretva Neretva TrebisnjicaReferences Edit Southeast Europe People and Culture Trebizat River www southeast europe eu Retrieved 24 June 2018 Lakes and Rivers of B amp H Green Visions B amp H www greenvisions ba Retrieved 2009 03 19 Brochure HE Pec Mlini pdf www ephzhb ba EP HZHB Retrieved 27 June 2018 Environmental flow assessment for river Trebizat Bosnia amp Herzegovina PDF meetingorganizer copernicus org Online Service for Science Copernicus Office Retrieved 2009 03 19 Groundwater Vulnerability in Western Herzegovina PDF www boku ac at Retrieved 2009 03 19 External links EditLjubuski municipality Wine route Herzegovina Narenta ljubuski NGO for Environment protection ZELENI NERETVA Konjic WWF Panda Living Neretva Capljina municipality Diving Club Mostar Neretva org Open Project REC Transboundary Cooperation Through the Management of Shared Natural Resources INWEB Internationally Shared Surface Water Bodies in the Balkan Region Canoe safari on the Trebizat River in Bosnia and Herzegovina Pocitelj Troy possible locations within Neretva valley Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trebizat river amp oldid 1109719608, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
