Tony Yengeni
Tony Sithembiso Yengeni (born 11 October 1954) is a South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist. He represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from May 1994 to March 2003, including as Chief Whip of the Majority Party from November 1998 to October 2001. He was a member of the ANC National Executive Committee between 1994 and 2022, though he resigned from legislative politics after he was convicted of fraud in 2003.
Tony Yengeni | |
|---|---|
| Member of the National Assembly | |
| In office 9 May 1994 – 5 March 2003 | |
| Chief Whip of the Majority Party | |
| In office November 1998 – October 2001 | |
| Speaker | Frene Ginwala |
| Preceded by | Max Sisulu |
| Succeeded by | Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Tony Sithembiso Yengeni 11 October 1954 Cape Town, Cape Province Union of South Africa |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Spouse | |
Yengeni grew up on the Cape Flats but joined the ANC in 1976 and went into exile with the party's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe. In 1986, he returned to South Africa as the commander of Umkhonto we Sizwe's structures in Cape Town. He was detained for his activism between 1987 and 1991, awaiting trial on terrorism charges, but he was indemnified and released in March 1991 during the negotiations to end apartheid. After that, he was the regional secretary of the ANC in the Western Cape until the 1994 general election, when he was elected to the National Assembly.
In the National Assembly, before his appointment as Chief Whip, Yengeni chaired the Joint Standing Committee on Defence in the first democratic Parliament from 1994 to 1998. His activities in the committee gave rise to a criminal charge during investigations into alleged corruption in the Arms Deal. In 2003, he was found guilty of fraud. He was sentenced to four years in prison, but only served four months,[1] for getting an unlawful discount on a Mercedes Benz he purchased.[2]
Early life and education Edit
Yengeni was born on 11 October 1954 in Cape Town.[3] He grew up in Gugulethu and Nyanga, both townships on the Cape Flats, and matriculated at Fort Beaufort College in Cape Town.[3]
Anti-apartheid activism Edit
He entered anti-apartheid politics through the Black Consciousness Movement before joining the outlawed African National Congress (ANC) in 1976.[4] He went into exile with the ANC in the Frontline States, receiving military training at Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) camps in Lesotho, Botswana, Zambia, and Angola; he also travelled to Moscow in the Soviet Union to study for a social science diploma in 1982.[3] He was later seconded to the South African Congress of Trade Unions in Lesotho, where he was regional secretary.[4]
Detention and trial: 1986–1991 Edit
In 1986, Yengeni returned to South Africa to lead the MK underground in Cape Town.[3] The following year, in a crackdown on his MK network, Yengeni was arrested and detained indefinitely under Section 29 of the Internal Security Act.[5] Awaiting trial in Pollsmoor Prison, he and the others mounted a hunger strike which received public attention, demanding improvements in detention conditions, including that they – the defendants – should not be held in racially segregated facilities.[6]
In what became known as the Yengeni Trial or Rainbow Trial (for the racial diversity of the defendants), the state pursued terrorism charges – a step-down from the initial treason charges – against Yengeni and 13 others, including Jenny Schreiner and his own future wife.[5] They were accused of planting two bombs (which had not harmed anyone) and illegal possession of firearms and explosives.[7] The defendants exploited the prosecution for political purposes; for example, they refused to plead guilty or not guilty and instead entered a lengthy plea which reversed the charge of terrorism and treason against the state and ended with the statement, "Victory is certain. South Africa shall be free."[5] In March 1991, during an adjournment of the trial and amid ongoing negotiations to end apartheid, Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee announced that Yengeni and the others had been indemnified and would be released.[7]
Transitional ANC: 1991–1994 Edit
By the time of Yengeni's release in 1991, the ANC had been unbanned by the apartheid government, and Yengeni became secretary of the party's new above-ground branch in the Western Cape.[4] He became a popular figure in Western Cape politics, aligning himself with populist leaders like Winnie Mandela and Peter Mokaba and campaigning militantly for the ANC ahead of the 1994 general election.[4]
National Assembly Edit
In the April 1994 general election, South Africa's first under universal suffrage, Yengeni was elected to represent the ANC in the National Assembly, the lower house of the new South African Parliament.[8] He was also appointed as chairperson of Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Defence.[4] At the ANC's 49th National Conference in December 1994, Yengeni was elected for the first time to the ANC National Executive Committee.[9] He served on the committee throughout his tenure in Parliament, gaining re-election in December 1997 and December 2002.[10][11]
Also during this period, Yengeni gained national attention for his July 1997 appearance at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, where he cross-examined Jeffrey Benzien, a former member of the South African Police, who had severely tortured him during his apartheid-era detention on terrorism charges. In a commission hearing, Yengeni asked Benzien to demonstrate the use of the "wet bag", a form of suffocation torture that Yengeni had been subjected to.[12] Yengeni's comrade Mcebisi Skwatsha volunteered to act as the prisoner in the re-enactment.[13] Later in the same hearing, Benzien accused Yengeni of having betrayed his ANC comrades, providing information about them under torture;[12] Yengeni called this "bullshit".[14]
In November 1998, the ANC promoted Yengeni to succeed Max Sisulu as the Chief Whip of the Majority Party in the National Assembly. He resigned from that office on 4 October 2001, the day after he was arrested and charged with corruption.[15] He remained an ordinary Member of Parliament until 5 March 2003, when he resigned from his seat after his fraud conviction;[16] his resignation followed reports that he had been encouraged to step down both by the Speaker of the National Assembly, Frene Ginwala, and by the ANC secretary-general, Kgalema Motlanthe.[17]
Arms Deal conviction Edit
Yengeni was arrested in October 2001 and released on bail of R10 000 during an investigation by then National Director of Public Prosecutions, Bulelani Ngcuka, into allegations of misuse of power by Yengeni and Jacob Zuma. According to the Sunday Times, EADS admitted that the company "helped" approximately 30 South African officials to obtain luxury vehicles. Yengeni was specifically charged with defrauding parliament by accepting a discount on a luxury car during the tendering process for a controversial arms deal while he was the member of a parliamentary committee reporting on the same deal. Yengeni pleaded "not guilty" and placed full-page advertisements proclaiming his innocence in all the Sunday newspapers (except The Sunday Times). This was estimated to have cost the chief whip R250,000.[4] Member of Parliament suggested that Yengeni was being offered up as a scapegoat for the arms deal scandal, so that others could avoid being charged.[18]
Yengeni eventually entered into a plea agreement in which various corruption charges were dismissed in exchange for his pleading guilty to one count of fraud.[19] In March 2003, the court entered a conviction against Yengeni for fraud and sentenced him to four years in prison.[20]
Imprisonment Edit
After failed appeals,[21] Yengeni entered Pollsmoor Prison near Cape Town on 24 August 2006, was immediately transferred to more modern Malmesbury prison.
Yengeni was released on parole on 15 January 2007, after completing a mere four months of the four-year sentence.[22] Senior Western Cape ANC leaders, including Mcebisi Skwatsha, were present at his release.[23] He continued to maintain his innocence, saying that prison was "a place that I was not supposed to be in the first place".[24]
Aftermath Edit
In 2010, it came to light that Yengeni had failed, as required by the Companies Act, to inform the registration office of his fraud conviction, and had failed to remove himself as a director of registered companies. Yengeni was sued and had to withdraw as a director from six companies.[25]
In 2013, additional documents came to light showing Yengeni's deeper involvement in the arms deal.[26]
Later political career Edit
Upon his release from prison, Yengeni was expected immediately to resume his political activities, with the ANC saying that he had served his suspension from the party and would "be able to continue his contribution to building a united, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist society".[27][28] Indeed, even while in prison, Yengeni had accepted social visits from Jacob Zuma and Tokyo Sexwale, both of whom presumably sought his help lobbying support in the Western Cape for their respective presidential campaigns.[29][30] As expected,[27] Yengeni publicly endorsed Zuma's presidential bid, saying that, "He is a seasoned revolutionary and although he's not an angel, he has the gravitas, experience and intelligence to unite the organisation [the ANC]."[31]
At the ANC's 52nd National Conference, held in Polokwane in December 2007, Zuma was elected as ANC president, and Yengeni was re-elected to the party's 80-member National Executive Committee in 21st place.[32] He was also elected to a five-year term on the influential National Working Committee.[33] Over the next decade, he was re-elected to two further terms on the National Executive Committee, ranked 65th of 80 at the 53rd National Conference in December 2012 and ranked 50th of 80 at the 54th National Conference in December 2017.[34][35] However, he tempered his support for Zuma, and by 2012 was believed to be actively working against Zuma's re-election bid.[36][37] On one ANC meeting in June 2012, Yengeni reportedly verbally attacked Blade Nzimande during a heated argument about Zuma's leadership.[37][38]
In December 2017, Zuma was succeeded as ANC president by his deputy, Cyril Ramaphosa, and Yengeni became a vocal critic of Ramaphosa in subsequent years, calling for him to step down over the Phala Phala scandal and openly opposing his re-election bid in 2022.[39][40] Also in 2022, the ANC's Electoral Commission announced that Yengeni himself would not be eligible to stand for re-election to the National Executive Committee, because his fraud conviction disqualified him under the new step-aside rule.[41] Yengeni successfully appealed the decision, arguing that his criminal record had been expunged,[42][43] but he was nonetheless dropped from the National Executive Committee at the ANC's 55th National Conference in December 2022, having failed to gain sufficient nominations to appear on the ballot paper.[44]
Drunk driving charges Edit
In November 2007, Yengeni was arrested near Goodwood, Cape Town on suspicion of drunk driving, which would constitute a violation of his parole conditions.[45] Yengeni said that he had only consumed flu medication.[46] The case could not proceed because the blood sample was unfit to be taken for chemical analysis. This was because former Goodwood station commander, Siphiwo Hewana, allegedly gave an unknown person access to the blood sample.[47] On 30 November 2009, in connection with this saga, Hewana was convicted of attempting to defeat the ends of justice.[48] During Hewana's trial, Constable Charles Japhta alleged that Hewana told him he had instructions from Western Cape provincial police commissioner Mzwandile Petros[49] to change statements on the docket relating to the time that Yengeni had been arrested. Hewana also said Yengeni's parole conditions had banned him from being out on the streets after 10pm, nor was he permitted to consume liquor, whereas Yengeni had been pulled off the road about midnight.[50][51] Hewana testified that he had been ordered by the commissioner of police in the Western Cape to make the changes.[25]
Yengeni was arrested for drunk driving again on 12 August 2013, this time in Green Point,[52] and he was convicted in March 2017.[53]
Personal life Edit
In 1984, Yengeni married Lumka Nyamza in Lusaka, Zambia.[3] They have two adult children together and have been separated since 2011.[54][55]
In January 2007, days after Yengeni's release from prison, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals said that it was investigating Yengeni for criminal animal cruelty on the grounds that his post-release celebrations had apparently included stabbing a bull with a spear before it was slaughtered.[56] The Cultural, Religion and Linguistic Rights Commission defended Yengeni, saying that his actions were part of a cleansing ritual and therefore constitutionally protected.[57]
References Edit
- ^ IOL, retrieved 11 Dec 2022
- ^ Mkhwanazi, Siyabonga (11 November 2019). "ANC MP arrested on corruption charges". Independent Online. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Tony Sithembiso Yengeni". South African History Online. 30 October 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Dempster, Carolyn (3 October 2001). "The rise and fall of Tony Yengeni". BBC News.
- ^ a b c "How Tony Yengeni and his co-accused turned apartheid show trial on its head". IOL. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ "Treason trial 11 on hunger strike over 'unequal treatment'". The Mail & Guardian. 2 June 1988. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ a b "S. Africa Drops 2 Terror Cases in Step to End Political Trials". Los Angeles Times. 19 March 1991. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ South Africa: Campaign and Election Report April 26–29, 1994. International Republican Institute. 1994. Retrieved 13 April 2023 – via Yumpu.
- ^ "49th National Conference: National Executive Committee as elected at Conference". African National Congress. 20 December 1994. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ . African National Congress. 10 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ . African National Congress. 20 December 2002. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- ^ a b Harding, Jeremy (30 May 1999). "Picking Up the Pieces". New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Cop demonstrates 'wet bag' torture". The Mail & Guardian. 14 July 1997. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Yengeni denies betraying comrades to the police". SAPA. 14 July 1997. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Yengeni quits, moves to the backbenches". The Mail & Guardian. 4 October 2001. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Yengeni bids farewell to parliament". IOL News. 6 March 2003. from the original on 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Yengeni resigns in disgrace". The Mail & Guardian. 6 March 2003. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ van der Westhuizen, Christi (3 October 2001). "Was Yengeni told to surrender?". News 24. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ "Yengeni appeal postponed". Mail & Guardian. Johannesburg, South Africa. 11 May 2004. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (19 March 2003). "ANC's apartheid-era hero jailed for fraud". The Guardian. Manchester, UK. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ "Jail beckons for Yengeni". Mail & Guardian. Johannesburg, South Africa. 21 August 2006. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ "Corrupt former ANC chief freed early from prison". The Guardian. 16 January 2007. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ "ANC leaders flock to Yengeni's release". The Mail & Guardian. 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Unrepentant Yengeni walks free". The Mail & Guardian. 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ a b Parker, Faranaaz (13 August 2013). "Tony Yengeni: Struggle veteran to flawed politician". Mail & Guardian. Johannesburg, South Africa. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ Brümmer, Stefaans (14 June 2013). "Revealed: Yengeni's R6-million 'kickback' agreement". Mail & Guardian. Johannesburg, South Africa. from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Back with a Zuma". The Mail & Guardian. 18 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "ANC hints at future role for Yengeni". The Mail & Guardian. 16 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Balfour reads Yengeni the 'riot act'". The Mail & Guardian. 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "What Tokyo said to Zuma". The Mail & Guardian. 24 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Yengeni: Why I back JZ". The Mail & Guardian. 14 December 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ Boyle, Brendan (21 December 2007). . The Times. Johannesburg, South Africa. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008.
- ^ "Who made it on to ANC's working committee?". The Mail & Guardian. 8 January 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Results of the elections for the ANC NEC 2012". Politicsweb. 20 December 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Meet the new ANC NEC". News24. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Decoding Kgalema: Enigmatic pretender to the throne". The Mail & Guardian. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ a b "'Prove you're not a dictator': NEC in heated Zuma attack". The Mail & Guardian. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Blade, Yengeni at war". City Press. 17 June 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Ramaphosa doesn't deserve a second term: Yengeni". eNCA. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ Masuabi, Queenin (13 November 2022). "Ramaphosa shrugs off bid in NEC to oust him as ANC president, calls for unity and renewal". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Yengeni disqualified from contesting ANC NEC positions ahead of national conference". SABC News. 10 December 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Tony Yengeni appeals ban on standing for election at the ANC conference". The Mail & Guardian. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ Ludidi, Velani (14 December 2022). "Tony Yengeni free to contest for ANC NEC position after winning appeal against disqualification". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ Masungwini, Norman (2 December 2022). "New ANC NEC ushers in new era as Cabinet ministers face exit". City Press. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ Swart, Werner & Ferreira, Anton (27 November 2007). "Yengeni may go back to prison". The Times. Johannesburg, South Africa. Archived from the original on 16 June 2007.
- ^ "Yengeni arrested for drunken driving". The Mail & Guardian. 26 November 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ . The Times. Johannesburg, South Africa. 23 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008.
- ^ "Yengeni cop found guilty". News 24. 30 November 2009. from the original on 14 September 2014.
- ^ "Commissioner gave order on Yengeni, says cop". Mail & Guardian. 18 June 2009. from the original on 6 July 2014.
- ^ "I was asked to change Yengeni docket". IOL News. 17 June 2009. from the original on 20 July 2014.
- ^ "Yengeni docket confused me: cop". IOL News. 19 June 2009. from the original on 19 July 2014.
- ^ "Yengeni appears in court on drunk driving charges". The Mail & Guardian. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Tony Yengeni found guilty of driving under influence". The Mail & Guardian. 17 March 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Yengeni leaves his wife". Sowetan. 20 February 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- ^ Malatji, Ngwako (27 February 2022). "Yengeni files for divorce after years of separation". Sunday World. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- ^ "SPCA investigates Yengeni for animal cruelty". The Mail & Guardian. 22 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Cultural body defends Yengeni over animal ritual". The Mail & Guardian. 25 January 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
External links Edit
- Interviews with Padraig O'Malley (1993–1997)
- . Dispatch Live (Times Media Group). 5 October 2001. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006.