Tokmok (Kyrgyz: Токмок, lit. 'hammer'; Russian: Токмак, romanized: Tokmak)[3] is a city in the Chüy Valley, northern Kyrgyzstan, east of the country's capital of Bishkek, with a population of 71,443 in 2021.[2] Its elevation is 816 m above sea level. From 2003 to 2006, it was the administrative seat of Chüy Region.[4][5] Just to the north is the river Chu and the border with Kazakhstan.
Tokmok was established as a northern military outpost of the Khanate of Kokand c.1830. Thirty years later, it fell to the Russians who demolished the fort. The modern town was founded in 1864 by Major-General Mikhail Chernyayev.
Tokmok is a district-level city of regional significance within Chüy Region. Although the city is surrounded by the region's Chüy District, it is not a part of it. Its total area is 41 km2 (16 sq mi).[6]
Despite its relatively modern origin, Tokmok stands in the middle of the Chüy Valley, which was a prize sought by many medieval conquerors. The ruins of Ak-Beshim, the capital of the Western Turkic Khaganate, are situated 8 km southwest from Tokmok. Yusuf Has Hajib Balasaguni, author of the Kutadgu Bilig is said to have been born in this area.
About 15 km south of Tokmok is the 11th-century Burana Tower, located on the grounds of an ancient citadel of which today only a large earthen mound remains. This is believed to be the site of the ancient city of Balasagun, founded by the Sogdians and later for some time the capital of the Kara-Khanid empire. A large collection of ancient gravestones and bal-bals is nearby. Excavated Scythian artifacts have been moved to museums in St. Petersburg and Bishkek.
Demographics
A mosque in Tokmok
According to the Population and Housing Census of 2009, the population of Tokmok was 53,231. The largest ethnic groups in Tokmok are Kyrgyz (46.8%, 2009 census), Russians (20.5%), Dungans (16.5%) and Uzbeks (8.6%).[6]
Tokmok has a hot summer Mediterranean continental climate (Köppen climate classificationDsa). The average annual temperature is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) and the coolest month is January with an average temperature of −5.3 °C (22.5 °F). The average annual precipitation is 434.2mm (17") and has an average of 108.3 days with precipitation. The wettest month is April with an average of 70mm (2.8") of precipitation and the driest month is August with an average of 12.1mm (0.5") of precipitation.[11]
Source: "The Climate of Tokmok". Weatherbase. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Industry
The glass manufacturer Interglass LLC is based in Tokmok. The Tokmok plant produces about 2,800 tons of liquid glass per day and 600 tons of glass is produced of the mass per day. Annual production is 200 000 tons. At present, raw materials for glass production are mainly provided by Russia and Kazakhstan.[12]
^"The head of Tokmak City Kenesh is elected". Central Election Commission. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
^ abc"Population of regions, districts, towns, urban-type settlements, rural communities and villages of Kyrgyz Republic" (XLS) (in Russian). National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2021. from the original on 10 November 2021.
^ abc"2009 population and housing census of the Kyrgyz Republic: Chüy Region" (PDF) (in Russian). National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2010. pp. 13, 16, 56.
^"Climate of Tokmok". Weatherbase.com. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
^"Kyrgyzstan to Start a 2nd Flat Glass Production Line in Tokmok". The Gazette of Central Asia. Satrapia. 13 November 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tokmok.
City site Tokmok (Russian)
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February 14, 2023
tokmok, town, uzbekistan, tokmak, uzbekistan, kyrgyz, Токмок, hammer, russian, Токмак, romanized, tokmak, city, chüy, valley, northern, kyrgyzstan, east, country, capital, bishkek, with, population, 2021, elevation, above, level, from, 2003, 2006, administrati. For the town in Uzbekistan see Tokmak Uzbekistan Tokmok Kyrgyz Tokmok lit hammer Russian Tokmak romanized Tokmak 3 is a city in the Chuy Valley northern Kyrgyzstan east of the country s capital of Bishkek with a population of 71 443 in 2021 2 Its elevation is 816 m above sea level From 2003 to 2006 it was the administrative seat of Chuy Region 4 5 Just to the north is the river Chu and the border with Kazakhstan Tokmok TokmokAirplane monument in TokmokFlagSealTokmokLocation in KyrgyzstanCoordinates 42 50 N 75 17 E 42 833 N 75 283 E 42 833 75 283 Coordinates 42 50 N 75 17 E 42 833 N 75 283 E 42 833 75 283CountryKyrgyzstanRegionChuy RegionGovernment MayorAnvarbek Omorkanov since May 2012 1 Area Total41 km2 16 sq mi Elevation816 m 2 677 ft Population 2021 2 Total71 443 Density1 700 km2 4 500 sq mi Time zoneUTC 6 KGT Websitetokmok wbr orgTokmok was established as a northern military outpost of the Khanate of Kokand c 1830 Thirty years later it fell to the Russians who demolished the fort The modern town was founded in 1864 by Major General Mikhail Chernyayev Tokmok is a district level city of regional significance within Chuy Region Although the city is surrounded by the region s Chuy District it is not a part of it Its total area is 41 km2 16 sq mi 6 Contents 1 Medieval heritage 2 Demographics 3 Geography 3 1 Climate 4 Industry 5 Notable residents 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksMedieval heritage Edit The Burana Tower Despite its relatively modern origin Tokmok stands in the middle of the Chuy Valley which was a prize sought by many medieval conquerors The ruins of Ak Beshim the capital of the Western Turkic Khaganate are situated 8 km southwest from Tokmok Yusuf Has Hajib Balasaguni author of the Kutadgu Bilig is said to have been born in this area About 15 km south of Tokmok is the 11th century Burana Tower located on the grounds of an ancient citadel of which today only a large earthen mound remains This is believed to be the site of the ancient city of Balasagun founded by the Sogdians and later for some time the capital of the Kara Khanid empire A large collection of ancient gravestones and bal bals is nearby Excavated Scythian artifacts have been moved to museums in St Petersburg and Bishkek Demographics Edit A mosque in Tokmok According to the Population and Housing Census of 2009 the population of Tokmok was 53 231 The largest ethnic groups in Tokmok are Kyrgyz 46 8 2009 census Russians 20 5 Dungans 16 5 and Uzbeks 8 6 6 Historical populations in TokmokYearPop p a 192615 269 193919 431 1 87 195926 559 1 57 197042 116 4 28 197958 003 3 62 198972 927 2 32 199959 409 2 03 200953 231 1 09 202171 443 2 48 Note resident population Sources 7 8 9 10 6 2 Geography EditClimate Edit Tokmok has a hot summer Mediterranean continental climate Koppen climate classification Dsa The average annual temperature is 9 5 C 49 1 F The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 23 3 C 73 9 F and the coolest month is January with an average temperature of 5 3 C 22 5 F The average annual precipitation is 434 2mm 17 and has an average of 108 3 days with precipitation The wettest month is April with an average of 70mm 2 8 of precipitation and the driest month is August with an average of 12 1mm 0 5 of precipitation 11 Climate data for TokmokMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearDaily mean C F 5 3 22 5 4 2 24 4 3 2 37 8 11 4 52 5 16 2 61 2 20 6 69 1 23 3 73 9 22 0 71 6 16 8 62 2 9 8 49 6 2 8 37 0 2 5 27 5 9 5 49 1 Average precipitation mm inches 25 2 0 99 27 3 1 07 49 6 1 95 70 0 2 76 68 1 2 68 37 3 1 47 20 2 0 80 12 1 0 48 16 3 0 64 39 7 1 56 41 5 1 63 26 9 1 06 434 2 17 09 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 9 0 9 3 12 0 11 8 12 4 10 2 7 6 5 5 4 9 7 7 9 2 8 7 108 3Average relative humidity 74 0 75 1 68 5 55 4 53 3 46 9 44 1 43 7 46 2 56 2 67 1 75 3 58 8Source The Climate of Tokmok Weatherbase Retrieved 5 August 2014 Industry EditThe glass manufacturer Interglass LLC is based in Tokmok The Tokmok plant produces about 2 800 tons of liquid glass per day and 600 tons of glass is produced of the mass per day Annual production is 200 000 tons At present raw materials for glass production are mainly provided by Russia and Kazakhstan 12 Notable residents EditLi Bai Chinese Tang Dynasty poet Dmitry Bivol Russian professional boxer Alexander Kosenkow Olympic German sprinter Maiya Maneza Olympic Kazakh weightlifter Jengishbek Nazaraliev drug rehabilitation professional and politician Athanasius Schneider Kazakh Roman Catholic bishop Elihan Tore president of the First Eastern Turkistan Islamic Republic Matyas Rakosi Hungary s exiled Stalinist dictator Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Tamerlan Tsarnaev perpetrators of the Boston Marathon bombing Dennis Wolf German professional bodybuilderSee also Edit Asia portalSuyabReferences Edit The head of Tokmak City Kenesh is elected Central Election Commission Retrieved 26 February 2014 a b c Population of regions districts towns urban type settlements rural communities and villages of Kyrgyz Republic XLS in Russian National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic 2021 Archived from the original on 10 November 2021 Tokmak gorod v Kirgizskoj SSR in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia 1969 1978 in Russian Law 5 March 2003 No 49 Law 3 August 2006 No 146 a b c 2009 population and housing census of the Kyrgyz Republic Chuy Region PDF in Russian National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic 2010 pp 13 16 56 Small Soviet Encyclopedia vol 10 2nd ed 1933 First All Union Census of the Soviet Union Kyrgyz ASSR vol VIII 1928 1939 census USSR 1959 census USSR Climate of Tokmok Weatherbase com Retrieved 5 August 2014 Kyrgyzstan to Start a 2nd Flat Glass Production Line in Tokmok The Gazette of Central Asia Satrapia 13 November 2012 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tokmok City site Tokmok Russian Forum Tokmok Russian Bord Tokmok Russian Photo Tokmok Russian Dating Tokmok Russian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tokmok amp oldid 1078547423, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
