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Toji (novel)

January 31, 2023

Toji (Korean: 토지), known in English as Land, is a 16-volume Korean novel written by Park Kyong-ni from 1969 to 1994. It tells the story of five generations of a wealthy Korean family from South Gyeongsang Province. The novel was very popular in South Korea, where it was made into a television series. Part I (of five) was translated into English by Agnita Tennant, as part of a UNESCO Collection of Representative Works project.[1][2][3]

Toji
Hangul
토지
Hanja
土地
Revised RomanizationT'oji
McCune–ReischauerToji

Plot

Toji is a total of five parts and sixteen volumes. It deals with the Choi's and Lee Yong's family history through the end of Joseon dynasty, Japanese occupation and independence. The novel, taking place in Pyeongsa-ri in Hadong, Yongjeong in Gando, Seoul, and Jinju, describes how the Choi family is brought to ruin and eventually rises to the challenge.[4] The story of the family and the Korean people is recounted with the historical events of great import, such as the Donghak Peasant Revolution, the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905, the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894, the 1909 Gando Convention, and the Japanese Invasion of Manchuria in 1931. It is a sizeable work in no fewer than 20 volumes,[5] encompassing a period of a half century and six hundred characters.[6]

The first part (1897–1908) centers on the fall of the Choi family, which is based on the events at Pyeongsa-li in 1894; as the family gradually declines and Jo Jun-gu, a distant relative, steals their money, Choi Seohui, the only descendant, moves to Gando with the village people.[7] The second part (1011-1917) involves moving the background to Yongjeong in northeast China,[8] were Choi Seo-hee and his sons take revenge on Cho Jun-gu— she marries Gilsang, a former servant, becomes rich again, and returns home.

In the third part, (1919-1929 ) the story centers around Yongjeong andinn Tokyo, Seoul, and Jinju, with Kim Hwan dead in prison. where she has recovered the family fortune. Both the second and third chapters delineate independence movements abroad during the Japanese colonization, conflict within the Koreans overseas, and hardships that intellectuals experience.

In part 4, (1930-39), Kim Gil-sang's release from prison, the completion of the altar portrait of Buddha, the death of Kihwa (Bong-sun), and the love and conflicts between Ogada Jiro and Yu In-Sil are slowly drawn, and the second generation Lee's son, Lee Hong and Choi Seo-hee along with the story of her two sons, Hwan-guk and Yun-guk growing up shows portrayals of the country's history, art, and culture.

In part 5, (1940–59) the Koreans' suffering and waiting are depicted in World War II, and the major event is the love triangle of Lee Sang-hyun, Lee Yun-guk, and Song Young-kwang. The novel ends with Lee Yang-hyun running to Choi Seo-hee after hearing about Japan's unconditional surrender on the radio.[9]

Characters

The main characters are the family members of Deputy-Minister Choi: Lady Yun, her son Choi Chisu, and her granddaughter Choi Seohui. Also, there are Pyeongsa-ri residents who have connections with the family, the intellectuals, and those engaged in nationalist movements, such as Kim Gilsang and Kim Hwan.[10] In particular, the author created fascinating characters like Ju gabi, Jo Byeongsu, Song Gwansu, Mohwa, and Mongchi who sublimate their hardships into love and show a strong will to live in such extreme realities. However, more negative characters, such as Jo Jun-gu and Kim Dusu appear, as well.

Main themes

Land chronicles the Choi family's history spanning 50 years, from the latter era of the Joseon period to the end of the Japanese colonization. It is the chronology of the family and a historical novel that vividly depicts what the Korean people went through, but it is also a work of literature that explores human nature.[11] The main characters who lead the story are Seohui, Gilsang, Weolseon, and Yong-i, but as the title "Land" suggests, the Korean history and society, or the Korean land can be regarded as its main characters and main themes. The collapse and resurgence of the Choi family actually signifies the fall and rise of the Korean people,[12] and what Pak emphasizes through the whole story is the importance of loving kindness and cherishing life.[13]

Style

Instead of addressing real events specifically, the film shows the course of the history by describing individuals who struggle through the tumultuous times.[14] Its first chapter tells the tragic history of Deputy-Minister Choi's family and the story of his death, an outbreak of a contagious disease, the death of Lady Yun, the plot of Jo Jun-gu, Yunbo joining militia, and the family moving to Gando, as it extensively delineates the development of the Modern Korean history. The second chapter, set in Gando, recounts the love, betrayal, and conflict between the characters with historical events such as the decline of the Confucian values, the loss of farmland, and the fights against Japan. The third chapter is about Seohui in Hadong, the intellectuals based in Seoul, the activists fighting in Jirisan Mountain, and the refuges in Manchuria and Gando. The fourth chapter paints a realistic and extensive picture of the intellectuals based in Seoul, Tokyo, and Manchuria; the activists standing against Japan in Hadong, Jinju, Jirisan Mountain, and Manchuria. Lastly, the fifth chapter tells the remaining stories of the characters when the surrender of Japan is imminent.[15] As such, the novel describes the story of the Choi family, closely following social changes in space and time.[16] It realistically portrays the Korean history and ways of life,[17] and incorporates dialect and proverbs to show the beauty of the Korean language.[18]

Critical reception

The film has been commended for its profound exploration of human dignity and human nature laid out in the specific historical context of the country. In addition, it is considered one of the best works of modern Korean literature that conveys the unique beauty of the Korean language. It has been translated and introduced into a number of languages, including English, French, and Japanese.[19]

One of its important features is that it documents how the caste system of the feudal times crumbled and how the Korean people suffered from the Japanese invasion. While it exhibits a positive attitude towards the traditional, indigenous society, it also calmly depicts how it declined as the new modern culture gained power. In addition, it describes a history with the people as its agents.[20]

It is also significant that the novel embodies in depth one of the major Korean values, cherishing life. As shown in the beautiful scene of Gilsang finishing the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue, the value of cherishing life in this novel refuses materialism that oppresses life, and supports love.[21] It is about treating all living beings equally and acknowledging their own dignity.[22] In Land, the human world is described as 'the valley of skeletons' swiped by an infectious disease, but it ultimately pursues hope as 'the tree of life' is growing there. Imi's mother gives birth to Hong-i in Pyeongsa-ri, where the disease spreads; the Korean people regain their lives with a pure heart after the defeat of Japan and the ensuing demise of the Japanese colonization.[23]

Adaptations

The novel led to many movie and TV series adaptations. The director Kim Su-yong adapted it into a 1974 film[24] starring Kim Jimi, Lee Sunjae, Seo Hui, Heo jang-gang, and Choi Jeongmin. The movie received the 13th Dae Jong Film Awards for Best Picture and Best Director, and Kim Jimi won Best Actress.[25]

KBS created two TV series adaptations in 1979 and 1987,[26] and SBS did one in 2004.[27] The 1979 adaptation was created when TV was black and white and it was remade in 1987. As Pak was still writing the novel at the time, she was hesitant about adapting only its first part. But she eventually agreed, thinking it was meaningful. SBS started filming in 2004, after the novel was finished. In the 1979 adaptation, Han Hyesuk and Seo Inseok played Seohui and Gilsang, respectively. The 1987 TV series starred Choi Suji and Yun Seongwon and the 2004 remake starred Kim Hyeonju and Yu Junsang. The 1987 TV series was directed by Ju Ilcheong, the 2004 adaptation by Lee Jonghan. The TV series adaptations maximize the conflict, love, and hate depicted in the original so that they are interesting and touching in their own ways. One of the filming sites, the house of the Choi family in Pyeongsa-ri, later became a tourist attraction.[28]

Bibliography

  • 《토지》, 삼성이데아서적, 1988 / Toji (Land), Samseong Idea Seojeok, 1988
  • 《토지》, 지식산업사, 1988 / Toji (Land), Jisik Sanup, 1988
  • 《토지》, 솔출판사, 1994 / Toji (Land), Sol Book, 1994
  • 《토지》, 나남, 2002 / Toji (Land), Nanam, 2002
  • 《청소년 토지》, 이룸, 2003 / Cheongsonyeon Toji (Land for Young Adults), Iroom, 2003
  • 《토지》, 마로니에북스, 2012 / Toji (Land), Maronie Books, 2012
  • 《청소년 토지》, 자음과모음, 2012 / Cheongsonyeon Toji (Land for Young Adults), Jamo Book, 2012
  • 《만화 토지》, 마로니에북스, 2015
  • Manhwa Toji (Land: Cartoons), Maronie Books, 2015

Translations

  • 土地, 福武書店, 1983. (Japan)[29]
  • 土地, 民族出版社, 2011. (China)[30]
  • 土地, CUON, 2016. (Japan)[31]
  • LA TERRE, Belfond(Paris), 1994. (France)[32]
  • Land, Kegan Paul International (London), 1996 (United Kingdom)[33]
  • LAND, Secolo, 2001. (Germany)[34]
  • Land, Global Oriental, 2011. (Netherlands)[35]
  • ЗЕМЛЯ, Новый хронограф, 2016. (Russia)[36]

Awards

Weoltan Literature Award (월탄문학상, 1972)[37][circular reference]

References

  1. ^ Chung, Ah-young (May 5, 2008). "Life, Literature of Park Kyung-ni". The Korea Times. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  2. ^ Kang, K. Connie (September 15, 1996). "Trapped by Han: LAND by Park Kyong-ni. Translated by Agnita Tennant". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  3. ^ A celebration of the launch of Park Kyung-ni's Land in translation | London Korean Links, May 14, 2011
  4. ^ "Land," Doopedia, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1153167&cid=40942&categoryId=33385.
  5. ^ "Pak Kyongni Introduction," Yes24, accessed November 26, 2019, http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/682?VTYPE=AuthorIntroduction#ai.
  6. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Current Events and Common Knowledge, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1833373&cid=43667&categoryId=43667.
  7. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Korean Language and Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=694169&cid=60533&categoryId=60533.
  8. ^ Lee, Sunny (February 2009). "Mysteries on Late Poet Yoon Dong-joo Still Linger". Korea Times. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  9. ^ 토지 (in Korean). Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  10. ^ "Pak Kyongni Introduction," Yes24, accessed November 26, 2019, http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/682?VTYPE=AuthorIntroduction#ai.
  11. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=530751&cid=46645&categoryId=46645.
  12. ^ "Land," Doopedia, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1153167&cid=40942&categoryId=33385.
  13. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=530751&cid=46645&categoryId=46645.
  14. ^ Publication Committee of Modern Korean Literature of A Century, Short History of Korean Literature, Vol.2: After the Independence (Seoul: Somyung Books, 2008), 186.
  15. ^ Gwon Yeongmin, "Land," Encyclopedia of Contemporary Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=334810&cid=41708&categoryId=41737.
  16. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=530751&cid=46645&categoryId=46645.
  17. ^ "Land," 1001 Books You Must Read Before You Die, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=877181&cid=60621&categoryId=60621.
  18. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Basic Literary Terms for High School Students, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=940170&cid=47319&categoryId=47319.
  19. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Current Events and Common Knowledge, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1833373&cid=43667&categoryId=43667.
  20. ^ Gwon Yeongmin, "Land," Encyclopedia of Contemporary Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=334810&cid=41708&categoryId=41737.
  21. ^ "Land," Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=530751&cid=46645&categoryId=46645.
  22. ^ Jeong Hyeon-gi, "Land," Reading Korean Classics, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=892272&cid=60554&categoryId=60554.
  23. ^ Publication Committee of Modern Korean Literature of A Century, Short History of Korean Literature, Vol.2: After the Independence (Seoul: Somyung Books, 2008), 186.
  24. ^ "The Earth," Naver Movie, accessed November 26, 2019, https://movie.naver.com/movie/bi/mi/basic.nhn?code=12160.
  25. ^ "The Earth," Doopedia, accessed November 26, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1168061&cid=40942&categoryId=33093.
  26. ^ "Land Search Result," Naver, accessed November 26, 2019, https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=tab_etc&ie=utf8&os=666635&pkid=57&query=%ED%86%A0%EC%A7%80.
  27. ^ "Land Search Result," Naver, accessed November 26, 2019, https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=tab_etc&mra=bjkw&pkid=57&os=659342&query=%ED%86%A0%EC%A7%80.
  28. ^ "TV Series Land," The Digital Local Culture Encyclopedia of Korea, October 31, 2019, https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=2660780&cid=51944&categoryId=54960.
  29. ^ "The Japanese Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/11042.
  30. ^ "The Chinese Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/8422.
  31. ^ "The Japanese Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/30087.
  32. ^ "The French Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/10205.
  33. ^ "The English Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/9454.
  34. ^ "The German Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/10572.
  35. ^ "The Dutch Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, 2019, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/16990.
  36. ^ "The Russian Translation of Land," Digital Library of Korean Literature, accessed November 26, https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/30200.
  37. ^ "The List of the Weoltan Literature Award Winners," Wikipedia Korea, accessed November 26, https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%94%ED%83%84%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%83%81.

January 31, 2023
toji, novel, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, korean, august, 2014, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, korean, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, google,. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Korean August 2014 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Korean article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 490 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean Wikipedia article at ko 토지 소설 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ko 토지 소설 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Toji Korean 토지 known in English as Land is a 16 volume Korean novel written by Park Kyong ni from 1969 to 1994 It tells the story of five generations of a wealthy Korean family from South Gyeongsang Province The novel was very popular in South Korea where it was made into a television series Part I of five was translated into English by Agnita Tennant as part of a UNESCO Collection of Representative Works project 1 2 3 TojiHangul토지Hanja土地Revised RomanizationT ojiMcCune ReischauerToji Contents 1 Plot 2 Characters 3 Main themes 4 Style 5 Critical reception 6 Adaptations 7 Bibliography 8 Translations 9 Awards 10 ReferencesPlot EditToji is a total of five parts and sixteen volumes It deals with the Choi s and Lee Yong s family history through the end of Joseon dynasty Japanese occupation and independence The novel taking place in Pyeongsa ri in Hadong Yongjeong in Gando Seoul and Jinju describes how the Choi family is brought to ruin and eventually rises to the challenge 4 The story of the family and the Korean people is recounted with the historical events of great import such as the Donghak Peasant Revolution the Japan Korea Treaty of 1905 the First Sino Japanese War of 1894 the 1909 Gando Convention and the Japanese Invasion of Manchuria in 1931 It is a sizeable work in no fewer than 20 volumes 5 encompassing a period of a half century and six hundred characters 6 The first part 1897 1908 centers on the fall of the Choi family which is based on the events at Pyeongsa li in 1894 as the family gradually declines and Jo Jun gu a distant relative steals their money Choi Seohui the only descendant moves to Gando with the village people 7 The second part 1011 1917 involves moving the background to Yongjeong in northeast China 8 were Choi Seo hee and his sons take revenge on Cho Jun gu she marries Gilsang a former servant becomes rich again and returns home In the third part 1919 1929 the story centers around Yongjeong andinn Tokyo Seoul and Jinju with Kim Hwan dead in prison where she has recovered the family fortune Both the second and third chapters delineate independence movements abroad during the Japanese colonization conflict within the Koreans overseas and hardships that intellectuals experience In part 4 1930 39 Kim Gil sang s release from prison the completion of the altar portrait of Buddha the death of Kihwa Bong sun and the love and conflicts between Ogada Jiro and Yu In Sil are slowly drawn and the second generation Lee s son Lee Hong and Choi Seo hee along with the story of her two sons Hwan guk and Yun guk growing up shows portrayals of the country s history art and culture In part 5 1940 59 the Koreans suffering and waiting are depicted in World War II and the major event is the love triangle of Lee Sang hyun Lee Yun guk and Song Young kwang The novel ends with Lee Yang hyun running to Choi Seo hee after hearing about Japan s unconditional surrender on the radio 9 Characters EditThe main characters are the family members of Deputy Minister Choi Lady Yun her son Choi Chisu and her granddaughter Choi Seohui Also there are Pyeongsa ri residents who have connections with the family the intellectuals and those engaged in nationalist movements such as Kim Gilsang and Kim Hwan 10 In particular the author created fascinating characters like Ju gabi Jo Byeongsu Song Gwansu Mohwa and Mongchi who sublimate their hardships into love and show a strong will to live in such extreme realities However more negative characters such as Jo Jun gu and Kim Dusu appear as well Main themes EditLand chronicles the Choi family s history spanning 50 years from the latter era of the Joseon period to the end of the Japanese colonization It is the chronology of the family and a historical novel that vividly depicts what the Korean people went through but it is also a work of literature that explores human nature 11 The main characters who lead the story are Seohui Gilsang Weolseon and Yong i but as the title Land suggests the Korean history and society or the Korean land can be regarded as its main characters and main themes The collapse and resurgence of the Choi family actually signifies the fall and rise of the Korean people 12 and what Pak emphasizes through the whole story is the importance of loving kindness and cherishing life 13 Style EditInstead of addressing real events specifically the film shows the course of the history by describing individuals who struggle through the tumultuous times 14 Its first chapter tells the tragic history of Deputy Minister Choi s family and the story of his death an outbreak of a contagious disease the death of Lady Yun the plot of Jo Jun gu Yunbo joining militia and the family moving to Gando as it extensively delineates the development of the Modern Korean history The second chapter set in Gando recounts the love betrayal and conflict between the characters with historical events such as the decline of the Confucian values the loss of farmland and the fights against Japan The third chapter is about Seohui in Hadong the intellectuals based in Seoul the activists fighting in Jirisan Mountain and the refuges in Manchuria and Gando The fourth chapter paints a realistic and extensive picture of the intellectuals based in Seoul Tokyo and Manchuria the activists standing against Japan in Hadong Jinju Jirisan Mountain and Manchuria Lastly the fifth chapter tells the remaining stories of the characters when the surrender of Japan is imminent 15 As such the novel describes the story of the Choi family closely following social changes in space and time 16 It realistically portrays the Korean history and ways of life 17 and incorporates dialect and proverbs to show the beauty of the Korean language 18 Critical reception EditThe film has been commended for its profound exploration of human dignity and human nature laid out in the specific historical context of the country In addition it is considered one of the best works of modern Korean literature that conveys the unique beauty of the Korean language It has been translated and introduced into a number of languages including English French and Japanese 19 One of its important features is that it documents how the caste system of the feudal times crumbled and how the Korean people suffered from the Japanese invasion While it exhibits a positive attitude towards the traditional indigenous society it also calmly depicts how it declined as the new modern culture gained power In addition it describes a history with the people as its agents 20 It is also significant that the novel embodies in depth one of the major Korean values cherishing life As shown in the beautiful scene of Gilsang finishing the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue the value of cherishing life in this novel refuses materialism that oppresses life and supports love 21 It is about treating all living beings equally and acknowledging their own dignity 22 In Land the human world is described as the valley of skeletons swiped by an infectious disease but it ultimately pursues hope as the tree of life is growing there Imi s mother gives birth to Hong i in Pyeongsa ri where the disease spreads the Korean people regain their lives with a pure heart after the defeat of Japan and the ensuing demise of the Japanese colonization 23 Adaptations EditThe novel led to many movie and TV series adaptations The director Kim Su yong adapted it into a 1974 film 24 starring Kim Jimi Lee Sunjae Seo Hui Heo jang gang and Choi Jeongmin The movie received the 13th Dae Jong Film Awards for Best Picture and Best Director and Kim Jimi won Best Actress 25 KBS created two TV series adaptations in 1979 and 1987 26 and SBS did one in 2004 27 The 1979 adaptation was created when TV was black and white and it was remade in 1987 As Pak was still writing the novel at the time she was hesitant about adapting only its first part But she eventually agreed thinking it was meaningful SBS started filming in 2004 after the novel was finished In the 1979 adaptation Han Hyesuk and Seo Inseok played Seohui and Gilsang respectively The 1987 TV series starred Choi Suji and Yun Seongwon and the 2004 remake starred Kim Hyeonju and Yu Junsang The 1987 TV series was directed by Ju Ilcheong the 2004 adaptation by Lee Jonghan The TV series adaptations maximize the conflict love and hate depicted in the original so that they are interesting and touching in their own ways One of the filming sites the house of the Choi family in Pyeongsa ri later became a tourist attraction 28 Bibliography Edit 토지 삼성이데아서적 1988 Toji Land Samseong Idea Seojeok 1988 토지 지식산업사 1988 Toji Land Jisik Sanup 1988 토지 솔출판사 1994 Toji Land Sol Book 1994 토지 나남 2002 Toji Land Nanam 2002 청소년 토지 이룸 2003 Cheongsonyeon Toji Land for Young Adults Iroom 2003 토지 마로니에북스 2012 Toji Land Maronie Books 2012 청소년 토지 자음과모음 2012 Cheongsonyeon Toji Land for Young Adults Jamo Book 2012 만화 토지 마로니에북스 2015 Manhwa Toji Land Cartoons Maronie Books 2015Translations Edit土地 福武書店 1983 Japan 29 土地 民族出版社 2011 China 30 土地 CUON 2016 Japan 31 LA TERRE Belfond Paris 1994 France 32 Land Kegan Paul International London 1996 United Kingdom 33 LAND Secolo 2001 Germany 34 Land Global Oriental 2011 Netherlands 35 ZEMLYa Novyj hronograf 2016 Russia 36 Awards EditWeoltan Literature Award 월탄문학상 1972 37 circular reference References Edit Chung Ah young May 5 2008 Life Literature of Park Kyung ni The Korea Times Retrieved December 18 2017 Kang K Connie September 15 1996 Trapped by Han LAND by Park Kyong ni Translated by Agnita Tennant Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved December 18 2017 A celebration of the launch of Park Kyung ni s Land in translation London Korean Links May 14 2011 Land Doopedia accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 1153167 amp cid 40942 amp categoryId 33385 Pak Kyongni Introduction Yes24 accessed November 26 2019 http www yes24 com 24 AuthorFile Author 682 VTYPE AuthorIntroduction ai Land Encyclopedia of Current Events and Common Knowledge accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 1833373 amp cid 43667 amp categoryId 43667 Land Encyclopedia of Korean Language and Literature accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 694169 amp cid 60533 amp categoryId 60533 Lee Sunny February 2009 Mysteries on Late Poet Yoon Dong joo Still Linger Korea Times Retrieved June 5 2016 토지 in Korean Retrieved April 28 2018 Pak Kyongni Introduction Yes24 accessed November 26 2019 http www yes24 com 24 AuthorFile Author 682 VTYPE AuthorIntroduction ai Land Encyclopedia of Korean Culture accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 530751 amp cid 46645 amp categoryId 46645 Land Doopedia accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 1153167 amp cid 40942 amp categoryId 33385 Land Encyclopedia of Korean Culture accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 530751 amp cid 46645 amp categoryId 46645 Publication Committee of Modern Korean Literature of A Century Short History of Korean Literature Vol 2 After the Independence Seoul Somyung Books 2008 186 Gwon Yeongmin Land Encyclopedia of Contemporary Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 334810 amp cid 41708 amp categoryId 41737 Land Encyclopedia of Korean Culture accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 530751 amp cid 46645 amp categoryId 46645 Land 1001 Books You Must Read Before You Die accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 877181 amp cid 60621 amp categoryId 60621 Land Encyclopedia of Basic Literary Terms for High School Students accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 940170 amp cid 47319 amp categoryId 47319 Land Encyclopedia of Current Events and Common Knowledge accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 1833373 amp cid 43667 amp categoryId 43667 Gwon Yeongmin Land Encyclopedia of Contemporary Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 334810 amp cid 41708 amp categoryId 41737 Land Encyclopedia of Korean Culture accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 530751 amp cid 46645 amp categoryId 46645 Jeong Hyeon gi Land Reading Korean Classics accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 892272 amp cid 60554 amp categoryId 60554 Publication Committee of Modern Korean Literature of A Century Short History of Korean Literature Vol 2 After the Independence Seoul Somyung Books 2008 186 The Earth Naver Movie accessed November 26 2019 https movie naver com movie bi mi basic nhn code 12160 The Earth Doopedia accessed November 26 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 1168061 amp cid 40942 amp categoryId 33093 Land Search Result Naver accessed November 26 2019 https search naver com search naver where nexearch amp sm tab etc amp ie utf8 amp os 666635 amp pkid 57 amp query ED 86 A0 EC A7 80 Land Search Result Naver accessed November 26 2019 https search naver com search naver where nexearch amp sm tab etc amp mra bjkw amp pkid 57 amp os 659342 amp query ED 86 A0 EC A7 80 TV Series Land The Digital Local Culture Encyclopedia of Korea October 31 2019 https terms naver com entry nhn docId 2660780 amp cid 51944 amp categoryId 54960 The Japanese Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 11042 The Chinese Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 8422 The Japanese Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 30087 The French Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 10205 The English Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 9454 The German Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 10572 The Dutch Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 2019 https library ltikorea or kr node 16990 The Russian Translation of Land Digital Library of Korean Literature accessed November 26 https library ltikorea or kr node 30200 The List of the Weoltan Literature Award Winners Wikipedia Korea accessed November 26 https ko wikipedia org wiki EC 9B 94 ED 83 84 EB AC B8 ED 95 99 EC 83 81 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Toji novel amp oldid 1114519774, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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