The Tivertsi (Ukrainian: Ти́верці; Russian: Ти́верцы; Romanian: Tiverți or Tiverieni), were a tribe of early East Slavs which lived in the lands near the Dniester, and probably the lower Danube, that is in modern-day western Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova and possibly in eastern Romania and the southern Odesa oblast of Ukraine. The Tivertsi were one of the tribes that formed the Ukrainian ethnicity, namely the sub-ethnic and historic region of Podolia. The Tivertsis' cultural inheritors, the Podolians, are a distinct group of Ukrainians.
European territory inahibted by East Slavic in 8th and 9th century.
Other spellings include the anglicized form Tivertsians and the Slavic transliterated Tivertsy. George Vernadsky suggests that the name Tivertsi possibly originates from the fortress Turris of Justinian I, pointing out that the letter "u" was commonly rendered as "v" (or, rather, ypsilon), suggesting the common root "tvr" of Iranian origin, meaning "fast".[1][2] According to another theory is related with Turkic forms tyvar and tavar ("cattle", "property", "riches", "goods"), which is seemingly related with the Slavic *stado ("cluster (group) of cattle"), which supposedly stands in the name of Stadici described by Bavarian Geographer as "countless people" who had 516 settlements, while the neighbour Unlizi (Ulichs) as "populus multus", thus relating the Tivertsi with Stadici "can be interpreted as Turkic – Slavic tracing, serving to designate a large tribe in the southwestern part of present Ukraine." (some also related the White Croats with Stadici),[3] or they could have been mentioned as Attorozi.[3]
Historyedit
The original information about the tribe is scarce. Tivertsi and Ulichs are briefly mentioned in early Ruthenian manuscripts, 863 being the earliest reference, 944 being the latest. The Primary Chronicle from the Laurentian Codex (the oldest copy) mentions that they lived by the Dniester and Danube down to the sea (evidently, the Black Sea). The Hypatian Codex (later re-copy) replaces the Dniester with the Dnieper. The Tver Chronicle mentions them in the year 883, mentioning their fight against Askold and Dir. A number of manuscripts mention in the year 885 that they fought with Oleg of Novgorod. They are mentioned as taking part in Oleg's expeditions in 907 and in Igor's expeditions in 944, the latter year being the last reference to Tivertsi in early East Slavic manuscripts.[4]
At the beginning of the 10th century, the tribe became part of the Kievan Rus. Starting in the mid-10th century, the Tivertsi frequently fought against the neighbouring Pechenegs and Cumans. In 12th and 13th centuries, some lands of the Tivertsi were part of the Kingdom of Galicia and later the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Settlementsedit
Several settlements of Tivertsi are now archaeological sites in Ukraine and Republic of Moldova (Alcedar, Echimăuţi, Rudi and others). According to Romanian and Moldovan researchers, Tivertsi were a Romanic-Slavic population dwelling along the Dniester river.[5][6]
Some scholars agree that the name of the town of Tyvriv (on the right bank of Southern Buh river) in Ukraine´s Vinnytsia oblast stems from the tribe of Tivertsi, who lived in that very area. Likewise, the name of west Ukraine's town of Kivertsi is also associated with this tribe. It is also presumed that Kamyanets-Podilsky on the Dniester was the tribal center of Tyvertsi.
^Sedov, Valentin Vasilyevich (2013) [1995]. Славяне в раннем Средневековье [Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku (Slavs in Early Middle Ages)]. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga. p. 501. ISBN978-86-6263-026-1.
^ abKoncha, S. (2012). "Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine" (PDF). Ukrainian Studies. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. 12: 15–21.
^Gheorghe Postică (2007) Civilizația medievală timpurie din spațiul pruto-nistrean (secolele V-XIII), Editura Academiei Române, București, 2007, p. 64
^Victor Spinei, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Leiden: Brill, 2009, pp. 84-87
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tivertsi, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2008, l. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Tivertsi news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Tivertsi Ukrainian Ti verci Russian Ti vercy Romanian Tiverți or Tiverieni were a tribe of early East Slavs which lived in the lands near the Dniester and probably the lower Danube that is in modern day western Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova and possibly in eastern Romania and the southern Odesa oblast of Ukraine The Tivertsi were one of the tribes that formed the Ukrainian ethnicity namely the sub ethnic and historic region of Podolia The Tivertsis cultural inheritors the Podolians are a distinct group of Ukrainians European territory inahibted by East Slavic in 8th and 9th century Contents 1 Ethnonym 2 History 3 Settlements 4 See also 5 ReferencesEthnonym editOther spellings include the anglicized form Tivertsians and the Slavic transliterated Tivertsy George Vernadsky suggests that the name Tivertsi possibly originates from the fortress Turris of Justinian I pointing out that the letter u was commonly rendered as v or rather ypsilon suggesting the common root tvr of Iranian origin meaning fast 1 2 According to another theory is related with Turkic forms tyvar and tavar cattle property riches goods which is seemingly related with the Slavic stado cluster group of cattle which supposedly stands in the name of Stadici described by Bavarian Geographer as countless people who had 516 settlements while the neighbour Unlizi Ulichs as populus multus thus relating the Tivertsi with Stadici can be interpreted as Turkic Slavic tracing serving to designate a large tribe in the southwestern part of present Ukraine some also related the White Croats with Stadici 3 or they could have been mentioned as Attorozi 3 History editThe original information about the tribe is scarce Tivertsi and Ulichs are briefly mentioned in early Ruthenian manuscripts 863 being the earliest reference 944 being the latest The Primary Chronicle from the Laurentian Codex the oldest copy mentions that they lived by the Dniester and Danube down to the sea evidently the Black Sea The Hypatian Codex later re copy replaces the Dniester with the Dnieper The Tver Chronicle mentions them in the year 883 mentioning their fight against Askold and Dir A number of manuscripts mention in the year 885 that they fought with Oleg of Novgorod They are mentioned as taking part in Oleg s expeditions in 907 and in Igor s expeditions in 944 the latter year being the last reference to Tivertsi in early East Slavic manuscripts 4 At the beginning of the 10th century the tribe became part of the Kievan Rus Starting in the mid 10th century the Tivertsi frequently fought against the neighbouring Pechenegs and Cumans In 12th and 13th centuries some lands of the Tivertsi were part of the Kingdom of Galicia and later the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Settlements editSeveral settlements of Tivertsi are now archaeological sites in Ukraine and Republic of Moldova Alcedar Echimăuţi Rudi and others According to Romanian and Moldovan researchers Tivertsi were a Romanic Slavic population dwelling along the Dniester river 5 6 Some scholars agree that the name of the town of Tyvriv on the right bank of Southern Buh river in Ukraine s Vinnytsia oblast stems from the tribe of Tivertsi who lived in that very area Likewise the name of west Ukraine s town of Kivertsi is also associated with this tribe It is also presumed that Kamyanets Podilsky on the Dniester was the tribal center of Tyvertsi See also editList of Medieval Slavic tribesReferences edit Vernadsky G Ancient Rus Chapter VIII Sedov Valentin Vasilyevich 2013 1995 Slavyane v rannem Srednevekove Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku Slavs in Early Middle Ages Novi Sad Akademska knjiga p 501 ISBN 978 86 6263 026 1 a b Koncha S 2012 Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine PDF Ukrainian Studies Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 12 15 21 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary in Russian 1906 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a Missing or empty title help article Tivertsy Gheorghe Postică 2007 Civilizația medievală timpurie din spațiul pruto nistrean secolele V XIII Editura Academiei Romane București 2007 p 64 Victor Spinei The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid Thirteenth Century Leiden Brill 2009 pp 84 87 You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Ukrainian April 2015 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Ukrainian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 307 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Wikipedia article at uk Tiverci see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated uk Tiverci to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tivertsi amp oldid 1187326760, 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