fbpx
Wikipedia

Titumir

March 14, 2023

Syed Mīr Nisār ʿAlī (Bengali: সৈয়দ মীর নিসার আলী তিতুমীর; 27 January 1782 – 19 November 1831), better known as Titumir (Bengali: তিতুমীর), was a Bengali freedom fighter, who developed a strand of Muslim nationalism coupled with agrarian and political consciousness. He is famed for having built a large bamboo fort to resist the British, which passed onto Bengali folk legend.[3][4][5]In 2004, Titumir was ranked number 11 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time.

Titumir
তিতুমীর
A portrait of Titumir
Born
Syed Mīr Nisār ʿAlī

(1782-01-27)27 January 1782
Basirhat, North 24 Parganas, Bengal Presidency, British India
Died19 November 1831(1831-11-19) (aged 49)
Narikelberia, Baduria, North 24 Parganas, Bengal Presidency, British India[1]
MovementTariqah-i-Muhammadiya[2]

Early life

Titumir was born Syed Mīr Nisār ʿAlī on 27 January 1782 (14 Magh 1182), in the village of Chandpur (or Haidarpur, per some sources) to Syed Mir Hasan Ali and Abidah Ruqayyah Khatun.[3][4] The family claimed to be of Arab ancestry, tracing their descent from Caliph Ali.[3] One Syed Shahadat Ali had arrived in Bengal to preach Islam and his son, Syed Abdullah became appointed as the Chief Qadi of Jafarpur by the emperor of Delhi.[3]

Titumir was educated in a local madrassa where he became a hafiz of the Qur'an by the age of twenty, beside being accomplished in Bengali, Arabic, and Persian.[3][6] He married the daughter of Muhammad Rahimullah Siddiqi,[6] and moved to Calcutta with his wife and teacher Niʿmatullah.[citation needed] Here, he gained patronage under the businessmen Jamaluddin Effendi and Mirza Ghulam Anbiya, furthering his Islamic studies with Shaykh Kamal Bakerganji and Shaykh Zaki Bihari.[citation needed]

He was also a good wrestler and gymnast, leading to an employment-stint as the bodyguard of a local zamindar.[4] However, Titumir was jailed on an occasion and upon release, in 1822, left his job to embark upon Hajj alongside patron Mirza Ghulam Anbiya.[4]

Religio-political activism

Islamic resurgence

In Mecca, Titu mir was influenced by Syed Ahmad Barelvi, a sufi preacher, who advocated for Jihad to purge all non-Islamic corruptions from sociopolitical life and enforce Sharia.[4][3] Upon return from Mecca, he began to mobilize the Muslim peasantry by preaching against deviations from Quran —vernacular practices such as the veneration of pirs and constructiion of dargahs, charging of interest on loans etc. were all frowned upon. The Zamindars—who were mostly, Hindu—were held to be in cahoots with the Britishers to oppress their subjects.[3][4][7] Titumir's diktats penetrated into the social life, as well: men were to have beards with trimmed moustaches and women adorn burqas; those who did not abide by his diktats were to be boycotted.[3][4]

The lowest classes of the Muslim society responded favourably; however his emphasis on Islamic fundamentalism meant that there was negligible support from Hindu peasantry.[4] However, the Zamindar community, irrespective of religion, objected to his activities in unison.[4]

Confrontation with zamindars

In June 1830, Krishnadeva Rai, Zamindar of Purha (var. Talukdar of Sarfarazpur) imposed an annual tax on all Muslim subjects having a beard, to isolate Titumir.[4] On Titu's advice the peasants refused to pay and an enraged Krishnadeva led a bevy of armed men on a spree of arson, after destroying a local mosque.[4] Reciprocal attacks were engaged in but the melee remained inconclusive; complaints were filed at the Baduria Police station by both sides and eventually, the Sub-Divisional Magistrate of Barasat dismissed the issue but only after getting a declaration from the peasants about committing to peace in near-future.[4]

Buoyed up by the evident bias in the resolution of Krishnadeva's case, Ramnarayan Nag Chaudhuri (Zamindar of Taragonia) and Guru Prasad Chowdhury (Talukdar of Nagarpur) began implementing an oppressive tax-regime on their subjects, failing to pay which, led to imprisonment.[4] The peasants organised themselves and sued the Zamindars but to little avail.[4]

These failures led Titu to convert his socio-religious agitation into an aggressive political-economic class-struggle,[4] wherein it was argued that the time was ripe for an all-out armed resistance against the nexus of Zamindars and British Authority.[4]

Confrontations with the British

Titumir shifted his base from Chandpur to Narkelberia, and began organising an armed militia.[4] In October 1830, one of his declarations proclaimed him (and his followers) to be the natural sovereign of the country, who (rather than the British Authority) had an unilateral right of remittance on local revenues collected by Zamindars; a Muslim landholder was raided in the same month, upon disobeyal.[4] On 31 October, Titumir set to avenge Krishnadeva along with 300 armed followers; his residence was ransacked, establishments of money-lenders in the local market were set on fire, and a cow was sacrificed in front of a temple.[4]

An alliance was soon formed between Zamindars and British Indigo planters to render mutual assistance in case of assaults by Titumir's militia; Kaliprasanna Mukherjee (Zamindar of Habra-Gobardanga) played a key role in the alliance and was soon targeted by Titumir for his illegal tax-regime.[4] Despite being aided by about 200 men of Davies, manager of an Indigo plantation at Mollahati, Kaliprasanna's forces were defeated.[4] Davies escaped narrowly and were sheltered by Debnath Roy (Zamindar of Gobra-Gobindapur); this led to a confrontation between Titumir's militia and Debnath's forces at Laughati in Nadia, where the latter was killed.[4] Several Indigo plantations were subsequently set on fire.[4]

The months of October and November were replete with such cases and the local police proved to be of little use in the face of increasing peasant resistance; many of the Zamindars fled to Kolkata.[4] The Commissioner of Presidency Division was solicited to tackle the situation and accordingly, Alexander, the Joint Magistrate of Barasat (along with Ramram Chakraborti, Officer-In-Charge of Baduria Thana) set out with a force of 120 policemen on 15 November 1830.[4] Outnumbered by a 500-strong militia, they were defeated; Alexander barely escaped to an adjacent village while Ramram (along with 14 others) were battle-casualties.[4]

Self-rule

Titumir capitalized on the political vacuum and styled him as the Badshah of a large area around Narkelberia, commanding a following of thousands-strong Hindu and Muslim peasants.[4] People loyal to him were installed in official positions (his nephew Ghulam Masum Khan as the Senapati, Muizz ad-Din as the Wazir etc.), and the local Zamindars were compelled to either submit to his rule or vacate the land-holdings.[4]

However, with passage of time, the prospects of an impending conflict with Company forces were inevitable, and he constructed a bamboo-fort (Banser Kella) at Narkelberia.[4] On 17 November 1831, upon receiving instructions from Lord William Bentinck, the-then Governor General of India, Smith, the District Magistrate of Nadia moved towards Narkelberia with four other Magistrates accompanied by a 300 strong armed police force and armed private guards of Zamindars.[4] Golam Masum was aware of this attack and outflanked Smith with a 500-strong militia at Baraghar, north-east of Narkelberia; Smith's forces fled to a planter-residence crossing the Icchamati and urged Lord Bentinck to dispatch a military column.[4]

Final battle

On the evening of 18 November 1831, a military unit consisting of a cavalry unit and infantry unit (300 armed personnel + two cannons) led by Major Scott, Lieutenant Shakespeare, and Major Sutherland laid a siege on Titumir's fort.[4] Nothing of significance transpired until the morning of 19 November 1831, when a concerted ammunition charge was mounted.[4] The resistance was breached in about three hours, when the fort gave way to cannons.[4]

Titumir was bayoneted to death, as were fifty fellow soldiers.[4] About 800 others were arrested and trialed at Alipur Court; Golam Masum was hanged in front of the fort-ruins to set an example, and about 140 had to serve prison terms of varying lengths.[4] The commanding officer of the British forces noted his opponent's bravery in dispatches, and also commented on the strength and resilience of bamboo as a material for fortification, since he had to pound it with artillery for a surprisingly long time before it gave way.[3]

Contemporary reception

The newspapers and journals run by Englishmen and Christian Missionaries took the Government-line.[4] Samachar Chandrika, Reformer, Jnananveshan etc. sided with the Zamindars and denounced Titumir as a law-and-order nuisance.[4]

Legacy

In 2004, Titumir was ranked number 11 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time.[8]

Bangladesh

A play-drama Titumir-er Basher Kella, directed by Sheikh Kamal was broadcast in 1967 on Bangladesh Television (then PTV); a graphic novel of the same name was also popular in East Pakistan.[9][10] In Dhaka, Jinnah College was renamed to Government Titumir College in 1971.[11] On 19 November 1992, the 161st anniversary of his death, the Government of Bangladesh issued a commemorative stamp in his honor.[12] The principal base of Bangladesh Navy is named as 'BNS Titumir'.[13]

India (West Bengal)
  • Mahasweta Devi wrote a novella Titumir that sought to recover subaltern history.[14][15]
  • In 1978, Utpal Dutt directed an agitprop drama Titumir which critiqued the crude representation of Titumir in colonial historiography; it received critical acclaim and was commercially successful.[16]
  • In 2021, Theatre activist Joyraj Bhattacharjee is all set to stage Utpal Dutt’s Titumir. Lead Role play by Anirban Bhattacharya.

References

  1. ^ Amartya Talukdar (20 October 2017). "Titu Mir a freedom fighter or a jihadist". indiafacts.org.
  2. ^ Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Titu Mir". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Dasgupta, Atis (1983). "Titu Meer's Rebellion: A Profile". Social Scientist. 11 (10): 39–48. doi:10.2307/3517042. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517042.
  5. ^ Sarkar, Sumit (1985). "Social History: Predicaments and Possibilities". Economic and Political Weekly. 20 (25/26): 1083. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4374537.
  6. ^ a b Khan, Muin-ud-din Ahmad. Titu Mir and His Followers in British Indian Records, 1831-1833 A.D. Islamic Foundation Bangladesh.
  7. ^ Bose, Neilesh (2009). Anti-colonialism, regionalism, and cultural autonomy: Bengali Muslim politics, c.1840s–1952 (Thesis). Tufts University. p. 58-59. ProQuest 305004747.
  8. ^ —"Listeners name 'greatest Bengali'". BBC. 14 April 2004. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
    —Habib, Haroon (17 April 2004). "International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'". The Hindu.
    —"Bangabandhu judged greatest Bangali of all time". The Daily Star. 16 April 2004.
  9. ^ "OP-ED: The legacy of Sheikh Kamal". Dhaka Tribune. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  10. ^ "Let's go graphic!". The Daily Star. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  11. ^ "Jagannath College". Banglapedia. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  12. ^ "Meer Nisar Ali Titumeer". Bangladesh Stamps. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
  13. ^ . Bangladesh Navy. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012.
  14. ^ "Mahasweta Devi lived like she wrote: Fearlessly and without restraint". Hindustan Times. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  15. ^ Dewan, Preeti Gupta (2013). Jain, Jasbir (ed.). "Resistance in Culture and Literature". Indian Literature. 57 (3 (275)): 235. ISSN 0019-5804. JSTOR 43856378.
  16. ^ "Full of energy: Reviving 'Titumir'". The Telegraph. Kolkata. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

Further reading

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Titumir.
  • Titumirer Bansher Kella (Bamboo Fort of Titumir, 1981) by Rabeya Khatun

March 14, 2023
titumir, syed, mīr, nisār, ʿalī, bengali, আল, january, 1782, november, 1831, better, known, bengali, bengali, freedom, fighter, developed, strand, muslim, nationalism, coupled, with, agrarian, political, consciousness, famed, having, built, large, bamboo, fort. Syed Mir Nisar ʿAli Bengali স য দ ম র ন স র আল ত ত ম র 27 January 1782 19 November 1831 better known as Titumir Bengali ত ত ম র was a Bengali freedom fighter who developed a strand of Muslim nationalism coupled with agrarian and political consciousness He is famed for having built a large bamboo fort to resist the British which passed onto Bengali folk legend 3 4 5 In 2004 Titumir was ranked number 11 in BBC s poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time Titumirত ত ম রA portrait of TitumirBornSyed Mir Nisar ʿAli 1782 01 27 27 January 1782Basirhat North 24 Parganas Bengal Presidency British IndiaDied19 November 1831 1831 11 19 aged 49 Narikelberia Baduria North 24 Parganas Bengal Presidency British India 1 MovementTariqah i Muhammadiya 2 Contents 1 Early life 2 Religio political activism 2 1 Islamic resurgence 2 2 Confrontation with zamindars 2 3 Confrontations with the British 2 4 Self rule 2 4 1 Final battle 3 Contemporary reception 4 Legacy 5 References 6 Further readingEarly life EditTitumir was born Syed Mir Nisar ʿAli on 27 January 1782 14 Magh 1182 in the village of Chandpur or Haidarpur per some sources to Syed Mir Hasan Ali and Abidah Ruqayyah Khatun 3 4 The family claimed to be of Arab ancestry tracing their descent from Caliph Ali 3 One Syed Shahadat Ali had arrived in Bengal to preach Islam and his son Syed Abdullah became appointed as the Chief Qadi of Jafarpur by the emperor of Delhi 3 Titumir was educated in a local madrassa where he became a hafiz of the Qur an by the age of twenty beside being accomplished in Bengali Arabic and Persian 3 6 He married the daughter of Muhammad Rahimullah Siddiqi 6 and moved to Calcutta with his wife and teacher Niʿmatullah citation needed Here he gained patronage under the businessmen Jamaluddin Effendi and Mirza Ghulam Anbiya furthering his Islamic studies with Shaykh Kamal Bakerganji and Shaykh Zaki Bihari citation needed He was also a good wrestler and gymnast leading to an employment stint as the bodyguard of a local zamindar 4 However Titumir was jailed on an occasion and upon release in 1822 left his job to embark upon Hajj alongside patron Mirza Ghulam Anbiya 4 Religio political activism EditIslamic resurgence Edit In Mecca Titu mir was influenced by Syed Ahmad Barelvi a sufi preacher who advocated for Jihad to purge all non Islamic corruptions from sociopolitical life and enforce Sharia 4 3 Upon return from Mecca he began to mobilize the Muslim peasantry by preaching against deviations from Quran vernacular practices such as the veneration of pirs and constructiion of dargahs charging of interest on loans etc were all frowned upon The Zamindars who were mostly Hindu were held to be in cahoots with the Britishers to oppress their subjects 3 4 7 Titumir s diktats penetrated into the social life as well men were to have beards with trimmed moustaches and women adorn burqas those who did not abide by his diktats were to be boycotted 3 4 The lowest classes of the Muslim society responded favourably however his emphasis on Islamic fundamentalism meant that there was negligible support from Hindu peasantry 4 However the Zamindar community irrespective of religion objected to his activities in unison 4 Confrontation with zamindars Edit In June 1830 Krishnadeva Rai Zamindar of Purha var Talukdar of Sarfarazpur imposed an annual tax on all Muslim subjects having a beard to isolate Titumir 4 On Titu s advice the peasants refused to pay and an enraged Krishnadeva led a bevy of armed men on a spree of arson after destroying a local mosque 4 Reciprocal attacks were engaged in but the melee remained inconclusive complaints were filed at the Baduria Police station by both sides and eventually the Sub Divisional Magistrate of Barasat dismissed the issue but only after getting a declaration from the peasants about committing to peace in near future 4 Buoyed up by the evident bias in the resolution of Krishnadeva s case Ramnarayan Nag Chaudhuri Zamindar of Taragonia and Guru Prasad Chowdhury Talukdar of Nagarpur began implementing an oppressive tax regime on their subjects failing to pay which led to imprisonment 4 The peasants organised themselves and sued the Zamindars but to little avail 4 These failures led Titu to convert his socio religious agitation into an aggressive political economic class struggle 4 wherein it was argued that the time was ripe for an all out armed resistance against the nexus of Zamindars and British Authority 4 Confrontations with the British Edit Titumir shifted his base from Chandpur to Narkelberia and began organising an armed militia 4 In October 1830 one of his declarations proclaimed him and his followers to be the natural sovereign of the country who rather than the British Authority had an unilateral right of remittance on local revenues collected by Zamindars a Muslim landholder was raided in the same month upon disobeyal 4 On 31 October Titumir set to avenge Krishnadeva along with 300 armed followers his residence was ransacked establishments of money lenders in the local market were set on fire and a cow was sacrificed in front of a temple 4 An alliance was soon formed between Zamindars and British Indigo planters to render mutual assistance in case of assaults by Titumir s militia Kaliprasanna Mukherjee Zamindar of Habra Gobardanga played a key role in the alliance and was soon targeted by Titumir for his illegal tax regime 4 Despite being aided by about 200 men of Davies manager of an Indigo plantation at Mollahati Kaliprasanna s forces were defeated 4 Davies escaped narrowly and were sheltered by Debnath Roy Zamindar of Gobra Gobindapur this led to a confrontation between Titumir s militia and Debnath s forces at Laughati in Nadia where the latter was killed 4 Several Indigo plantations were subsequently set on fire 4 The months of October and November were replete with such cases and the local police proved to be of little use in the face of increasing peasant resistance many of the Zamindars fled to Kolkata 4 The Commissioner of Presidency Division was solicited to tackle the situation and accordingly Alexander the Joint Magistrate of Barasat along with Ramram Chakraborti Officer In Charge of Baduria Thana set out with a force of 120 policemen on 15 November 1830 4 Outnumbered by a 500 strong militia they were defeated Alexander barely escaped to an adjacent village while Ramram along with 14 others were battle casualties 4 Self rule Edit Titumir capitalized on the political vacuum and styled him as the Badshah of a large area around Narkelberia commanding a following of thousands strong Hindu and Muslim peasants 4 People loyal to him were installed in official positions his nephew Ghulam Masum Khan as the Senapati Muizz ad Din as the Wazir etc and the local Zamindars were compelled to either submit to his rule or vacate the land holdings 4 However with passage of time the prospects of an impending conflict with Company forces were inevitable and he constructed a bamboo fort Banser Kella at Narkelberia 4 On 17 November 1831 upon receiving instructions from Lord William Bentinck the then Governor General of India Smith the District Magistrate of Nadia moved towards Narkelberia with four other Magistrates accompanied by a 300 strong armed police force and armed private guards of Zamindars 4 Golam Masum was aware of this attack and outflanked Smith with a 500 strong militia at Baraghar north east of Narkelberia Smith s forces fled to a planter residence crossing the Icchamati and urged Lord Bentinck to dispatch a military column 4 Final battle Edit On the evening of 18 November 1831 a military unit consisting of a cavalry unit and infantry unit 300 armed personnel two cannons led by Major Scott Lieutenant Shakespeare and Major Sutherland laid a siege on Titumir s fort 4 Nothing of significance transpired until the morning of 19 November 1831 when a concerted ammunition charge was mounted 4 The resistance was breached in about three hours when the fort gave way to cannons 4 Titumir was bayoneted to death as were fifty fellow soldiers 4 About 800 others were arrested and trialed at Alipur Court Golam Masum was hanged in front of the fort ruins to set an example and about 140 had to serve prison terms of varying lengths 4 The commanding officer of the British forces noted his opponent s bravery in dispatches and also commented on the strength and resilience of bamboo as a material for fortification since he had to pound it with artillery for a surprisingly long time before it gave way 3 Contemporary reception EditThe newspapers and journals run by Englishmen and Christian Missionaries took the Government line 4 Samachar Chandrika Reformer Jnananveshan etc sided with the Zamindars and denounced Titumir as a law and order nuisance 4 Legacy EditIn 2004 Titumir was ranked number 11 in BBC s poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time 8 BangladeshA play drama Titumir er Basher Kella directed by Sheikh Kamal was broadcast in 1967 on Bangladesh Television then PTV a graphic novel of the same name was also popular in East Pakistan 9 10 In Dhaka Jinnah College was renamed to Government Titumir College in 1971 11 On 19 November 1992 the 161st anniversary of his death the Government of Bangladesh issued a commemorative stamp in his honor 12 The principal base of Bangladesh Navy is named as BNS Titumir 13 India West Bengal Mahasweta Devi wrote a novella Titumir that sought to recover subaltern history 14 15 In 1978 Utpal Dutt directed an agitprop drama Titumir which critiqued the crude representation of Titumir in colonial historiography it received critical acclaim and was commercially successful 16 In 2021 Theatre activist Joyraj Bhattacharjee is all set to stage Utpal Dutt s Titumir Lead Role play by Anirban Bhattacharya References Edit Amartya Talukdar 20 October 2017 Titu Mir a freedom fighter or a jihadist indiafacts org Islam Sirajul Miah Sajahan Khanam Mahfuza Ahmed Sabbir eds 2012 Tariqah i Muhammadiya Banglapedia the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Online ed Dhaka Bangladesh Banglapedia Trust Asiatic Society of Bangladesh ISBN 984 32 0576 6 OCLC 52727562 Retrieved 14 March 2023 a b c d e f g h i Khan Muazzam Hussain 2012 Titu Mir In Islam Sirajul Miah Sajahan Khanam Mahfuza Ahmed Sabbir eds Banglapedia the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Online ed Dhaka Bangladesh Banglapedia Trust Asiatic Society of Bangladesh ISBN 984 32 0576 6 OCLC 52727562 Retrieved 14 March 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Dasgupta Atis 1983 Titu Meer s Rebellion A Profile Social Scientist 11 10 39 48 doi 10 2307 3517042 ISSN 0970 0293 JSTOR 3517042 Sarkar Sumit 1985 Social History Predicaments and Possibilities Economic and Political Weekly 20 25 26 1083 ISSN 0012 9976 JSTOR 4374537 a b Khan Muin ud din Ahmad Titu Mir and His Followers in British Indian Records 1831 1833 A D Islamic Foundation Bangladesh Bose Neilesh 2009 Anti colonialism regionalism and cultural autonomy Bengali Muslim politics c 1840s 1952 Thesis Tufts University p 58 59 ProQuest 305004747 Listeners name greatest Bengali BBC 14 April 2004 Retrieved 16 April 2018 Habib Haroon 17 April 2004 International Mujib Tagore Bose among greatest Bengalis of all time The Hindu Bangabandhu judged greatest Bangali of all time The Daily Star 16 April 2004 OP ED The legacy of Sheikh Kamal Dhaka Tribune 15 August 2020 Retrieved 8 February 2021 Let s go graphic The Daily Star 23 February 2016 Retrieved 8 February 2021 Jagannath College Banglapedia Retrieved 8 February 2021 Meer Nisar Ali Titumeer Bangladesh Stamps Archived from the original on 19 July 2012 BNS TITUMIR Bangladesh Navy Archived from the original on 14 February 2012 Mahasweta Devi lived like she wrote Fearlessly and without restraint Hindustan Times 28 July 2016 Retrieved 8 February 2021 Dewan Preeti Gupta 2013 Jain Jasbir ed Resistance in Culture and Literature Indian Literature 57 3 275 235 ISSN 0019 5804 JSTOR 43856378 Full of energy Reviving Titumir The Telegraph Kolkata Retrieved 8 February 2021 Further reading Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Titumir Titumirer Bansher Kella Bamboo Fort of Titumir 1981 by Rabeya Khatun Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Titumir amp oldid 1141596848, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.