Tilia tomentosa, known as silver linden in the US[2] and silver lime in the UK, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from Romania and the Balkans east to western Turkey, occurring at moderate altitudes.[3][4]
Tree in a public park in BelgiumTilia tomentosa - MHNT
Tilia tomentosa is a deciduoustree growing to 20–35 m (66–115 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 2 m (7 ft) in diameter. The leaves are alternately arranged, rounded to triangular-ovate, 4–13 cm long and broad with a 2.5–4 cm petiole, green and mostly hairless above, densely white tomentose with white hairs below, and with a coarsely toothed margin. The flowers are pale yellow, hermaphrodite, produced in cymes of three to ten in mid to late summer with a pale green subtending leafy bract; they have a strong scent and are pollinated by honeybees. The fruit is a dry nut-like drupe 8–10 mm long, downy, and slightly ribbed.[3][5]
Cultivation and usesedit
It is widely grown as an ornamental tree throughout Europe. The cultivar 'Brabant' has a strong central stem and a symmetrical conic crown. The cultivar 'Petiolaris' (pendent or weeping silver lime) differs in longer leaf petioles 4–8 cm long and drooping leaves; it is of unknown origin and usually sterile, and may be a hybrid with another Tilia species.[3][5] It is very tolerant of urban pollution, soil compaction, heat, and drought, and would be a good street tree in urban areas.[3][6] In cultivation in the UK, T. tomentosa 'Petiolaris' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7][8]
A widespread belief is that the nectar of this species contains mannose, which can be toxic to some bees. This is incorrect; the sight of numerous comatose bees found on the ground at flowering time is rather a result of the paucity of nectar sources in late summer in urban areas.[11] The evidence against a toxin in the nectar being responsible for mass bee deaths under Tilia trees is supported further by Koch and Stevenson (2017) who also suggest that the presence of caffeine in linden nectar may mean that linden trees can chemically deceive foraging bees to make sub-optimal foraging decisions, in some cases leading to their starvation. [12]
This species, while fragrant in spring, drops buds and pollen during the spring and fall.
Notable treesedit
Eminescu's Linden Tree, Iaşi, Romania
Eminescu's Linden Tree (Romanian: Teiul lui Eminescu) is a 500-year-old silver lime situated in the Copou Public Garden, Iași, Romania. Mihai Eminescu reportedly wrote some of his best works underneath this silver lime, rendering the tree one of Romania's most important natural monuments and an Iași landmark.[13]
Referencesedit
^"Tilia tomentosa Moench". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tilia tomentosa". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
^ abMitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN0-00-212035-6
^Mitchell, A. F. (1996). Alan Mitchell's Trees of Britain. HarperCollins. ISBN0-00-219972-6.
^"RHS Plant Selector - Tilia petiolaris". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
^"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 102. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
^Plants For A Future: Tilia tomentosa, which cites Lauriault, J. (1989). Identification Guide to the Trees of Canada. Fitzhenry and Whiteside, Ontario. ISBN0-88902-564-9
^Viola, H., Wolfman, C., Levi de Stein, M., et al. (1994). "Isolation of pharmacologically active benzodiazepine receptor ligands from Tilia tomentosa (Tiliaceae)". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 44 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(94)90098-1. PMID 7990504.
^Illies, Ingrid (2007). "The Foraging Behaviour of Honeybees and Bumblebees on Late Blooming Lime Trees". Entomologia Generalis. Schweizerbart: 155–165. doi:10.1127/entom.gen/30/2007/155. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
^Koch H & Stevenson PC (2017). "Do Linden trees kill bees? Reviewing the causes of bee deaths on Silver Linden (Tilia tomentosa)". Biology Letters. 13 (9): 20170484. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0484. PMC5627179. PMID 28954857.
^Pettersen, L. & Baker, M. . Romania. Lonely Planet Travel Guide. p. 262.
tilia, tomentosa, known, silver, linden, silver, lime, species, flowering, plant, family, malvaceae, native, southeastern, europe, southwestern, asia, from, romania, balkans, east, western, turkey, occurring, moderate, altitudes, scientific, classificationking. Tilia tomentosa known as silver linden in the US 2 and silver lime in the UK is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia from Romania and the Balkans east to western Turkey occurring at moderate altitudes 3 4 Tilia tomentosaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder MalvalesFamily MalvaceaeGenus TiliaSpecies T tomentosaBinomial nameTilia tomentosaMoenchDistribution mapSynonyms 1 List Lindnera alba Fuss Tilia alba Aiton Tilia argentea DC Tilia gigantea Dippel Tilia pannonica J Jacq ex Bayer Tilia peduncularis Delile ex Bayer Tilia petiolaris DC Tilia rotundifolia Vent Contents 1 Description 2 Cultivation and uses 2 1 Notable trees 3 References 4 External linksDescription edit nbsp Tree in a public park in Belgium nbsp Tilia tomentosa MHNTTilia tomentosa is a deciduous tree growing to 20 35 m 66 115 ft tall with a trunk up to 2 m 7 ft in diameter The leaves are alternately arranged rounded to triangular ovate 4 13 cm long and broad with a 2 5 4 cm petiole green and mostly hairless above densely white tomentose with white hairs below and with a coarsely toothed margin The flowers are pale yellow hermaphrodite produced in cymes of three to ten in mid to late summer with a pale green subtending leafy bract they have a strong scent and are pollinated by honeybees The fruit is a dry nut like drupe 8 10 mm long downy and slightly ribbed 3 5 Cultivation and uses editIt is widely grown as an ornamental tree throughout Europe The cultivar Brabant has a strong central stem and a symmetrical conic crown The cultivar Petiolaris pendent or weeping silver lime differs in longer leaf petioles 4 8 cm long and drooping leaves it is of unknown origin and usually sterile and may be a hybrid with another Tilia species 3 5 It is very tolerant of urban pollution soil compaction heat and drought and would be a good street tree in urban areas 3 6 In cultivation in the UK T tomentosa Petiolaris has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 7 8 An infusion made from the flowers of T tomentosa is antispasmodic diaphoretic and sedative 9 This may be attributable to the presence of pharmacologically active ligands of benzodiazepine receptor 10 A widespread belief is that the nectar of this species contains mannose which can be toxic to some bees This is incorrect the sight of numerous comatose bees found on the ground at flowering time is rather a result of the paucity of nectar sources in late summer in urban areas 11 The evidence against a toxin in the nectar being responsible for mass bee deaths under Tilia trees is supported further by Koch and Stevenson 2017 who also suggest that the presence of caffeine in linden nectar may mean that linden trees can chemically deceive foraging bees to make sub optimal foraging decisions in some cases leading to their starvation 12 This species while fragrant in spring drops buds and pollen during the spring and fall Notable trees edit nbsp Eminescu s Linden Tree Iasi RomaniaEminescu s Linden Tree Romanian Teiul lui Eminescu is a 500 year old silver lime situated in the Copou Public Garden Iași Romania Mihai Eminescu reportedly wrote some of his best works underneath this silver lime rendering the tree one of Romania s most important natural monuments and an Iași landmark 13 References edit Tilia tomentosa Moench Plants of the World Online Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 2017 Retrieved 4 September 2020 USDA NRCS n d Tilia tomentosa The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 10 December 2015 a b c d Rushforth K 1999 Trees of Britain and Europe Collins ISBN 0 00 220013 9 Flora Europaea Tilia tomentosa a b Mitchell A F 1974 A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe Collins ISBN 0 00 212035 6 Mitchell A F 1996 Alan Mitchell s Trees of Britain HarperCollins ISBN 0 00 219972 6 RHS Plant Selector Tilia petiolaris Retrieved 15 April 2020 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 102 Retrieved 23 December 2018 Plants For A Future Tilia tomentosa which cites Lauriault J 1989 Identification Guide to the Trees of Canada Fitzhenry and Whiteside Ontario ISBN 0 88902 564 9 Viola H Wolfman C Levi de Stein M et al 1994 Isolation of pharmacologically active benzodiazepine receptor ligands from Tilia tomentosa Tiliaceae Journal of Ethnopharmacology 44 1 47 53 doi 10 1016 0378 8741 94 90098 1 PMID 7990504 Illies Ingrid 2007 The Foraging Behaviour of Honeybees and Bumblebees on Late Blooming Lime Trees Entomologia Generalis Schweizerbart 155 165 doi 10 1127 entom gen 30 2007 155 Retrieved 6 June 2013 Koch H amp Stevenson PC 2017 Do Linden trees kill bees Reviewing the causes of bee deaths on Silver Linden Tilia tomentosa Biology Letters 13 9 20170484 doi 10 1098 rsbl 2017 0484 PMC 5627179 PMID 28954857 Pettersen L amp Baker M Romania Lonely Planet Travel Guide p 262 External links editTilia tomentosa information genetic conservation units and related resources European Forest Genetic Resources Programme EUFORGEN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tilia tomentosa amp oldid 1138339062, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
