The original communist plan was to capture Tanggu first to cut off the nationalist escape route via sea and then force the nationalists in Beijing and Tianjin to surrender, in order to save the two historical cities from the destruction of the war. However, the nationalist resolve to defend the cities to the end was strong and reconnaissance had revealed the sounding regions of Tanggu was not suitable for building fortifications and deploying assaulting forces, and the region strongly favored defenders. The communists were forced to change their plan by attacking Tianjin first. According to the geography of Tianjin, which was characterized in its long span in the north–south direction and short span in the east–west direction, the communists made a plan of simultaneously attacking from the east and west, cutting off the city in the middle, and then first taking the southern portion of the city, and afterward taking the northern portion of the city.
From January 3, 1949, through to January 12, 1949, the communists cleared all 18 nationalist strongholds outside the city, and the defenders were forced to take refuge behind the city wall. After the nationalists behind the city wall had refused to surrender for three times when asked, the communists launched their final offensive on the city on January 14, 1949, at 10:00 AM. After 29 hours of fierce fighting, the entire besieged nationalist garrison of the city totaling more than 130,000 was completely annihilated, and Chen Changjie(陳長捷), the nationalist commander-in-chief of the defense, was captured alive along with many of his subordinates, including his deputy, Major General Qiu Zongding (秋宗鼎), the deputy commander-in-chief of nationalist Tianjin Garrison, Major General Yang Wei (楊威), the chief-of-staff of the nationalist force defending Tianjin, Major General Li Yeqing (李叶清), the secretary-general of nationalist headquarter in Tianjin, and Major General Cheng Zijian (程子践), the nationalist inspector-general from Nanjing, hand-picked personally by Chiang Kai-shek himself. With the exception of the 7th Chinese Textile Factory, which was completely destroyed in the final offensive, most of the rest of the infrastructure of Tianjin was captured intact. The price paid by the attacking communist force is relative low in the campaign, suffering a casualty rate that included 7,030 killed, and 19,214 wounded, without any missing or being captured. Among those communists killed were several hundred Japanese troops of the former-Japanese Imperial Army, who stayed in China after World War II and joined the communists.
Outcomeedit
The immediate consequence of the nationalist defeat in Tianjin campaign was that the nationalist garrison of Tanggu, consisting of the 17th Army Group and five divisions from the 87th Army, had been completely isolated and had to withdraw via sea, which in turn, worsened the overall situation for the nationalists during the Pingjin campaign. The nationalist defeat in the Tianjin campaign was also one of the most important factors forcing Fu Zuoyi to surrender to the communists, which resulted in the conclusion of the Pingjin campaign.
Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, ISBN7-80149-207-2 (set)
Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987, ISBN7-5006-0081-X (pbk.)
Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990, ISBN7-202-00733-9 (set)
Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004, ISBN7-80199-029-3
Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992, ISBN7-80019-338-1
Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993, ISBN7-5073-0074-9
Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997, ISBN7-80021-719-1 (Volum 1), 7800219615 (Volum 2), 7800219631 (Volum 3), 7801370937 (Volum 4), and 7801370953 (Volum 5)
January 01, 1970
tianjin, campaign, epitome, pingjin, campaign, fought, between, nationalists, communists, during, chinese, civil, post, world, result, helped, determine, outcome, pingjin, campaign, part, pingjin, campaign, chinese, civil, wardatejanuary, 1949, january, 1949lo. The Tianjin campaign was the epitome of the Pingjin campaign fought between the nationalists and the communists during the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era The result of the Tianjin campaign helped to determine the outcome of the Pingjin campaign Tianjin campaignPart of the Pingjin Campaign of the Chinese Civil WarDateJanuary 3 1949 January 15 1949LocationTianjin ChinaResultCommunist victoryBelligerentsNational Revolutionary ArmyPeople s Liberation ArmyCommanders and leadersChen Changjie 陳長捷 POW Qiu Zongding 秋宗鼎 POW Yang Wei 楊威 POW Li Yeqing 李叶清 POW Cheng Zijian 程子践 POW Liu Yalou 劉亞樓 Strength130 000340 000Casualties and lossesall killed or captured7 030 killed 19 214 wounded The original communist plan was to capture Tanggu first to cut off the nationalist escape route via sea and then force the nationalists in Beijing and Tianjin to surrender in order to save the two historical cities from the destruction of the war However the nationalist resolve to defend the cities to the end was strong and reconnaissance had revealed the sounding regions of Tanggu was not suitable for building fortifications and deploying assaulting forces and the region strongly favored defenders The communists were forced to change their plan by attacking Tianjin first According to the geography of Tianjin which was characterized in its long span in the north south direction and short span in the east west direction the communists made a plan of simultaneously attacking from the east and west cutting off the city in the middle and then first taking the southern portion of the city and afterward taking the northern portion of the city From January 3 1949 through to January 12 1949 the communists cleared all 18 nationalist strongholds outside the city and the defenders were forced to take refuge behind the city wall After the nationalists behind the city wall had refused to surrender for three times when asked the communists launched their final offensive on the city on January 14 1949 at 10 00 AM After 29 hours of fierce fighting the entire besieged nationalist garrison of the city totaling more than 130 000 was completely annihilated and Chen Changjie 陳長捷 the nationalist commander in chief of the defense was captured alive along with many of his subordinates including his deputy Major General Qiu Zongding 秋宗鼎 the deputy commander in chief of nationalist Tianjin Garrison Major General Yang Wei 楊威 the chief of staff of the nationalist force defending Tianjin Major General Li Yeqing 李叶清 the secretary general of nationalist headquarter in Tianjin and Major General Cheng Zijian 程子践 the nationalist inspector general from Nanjing hand picked personally by Chiang Kai shek himself With the exception of the 7th Chinese Textile Factory which was completely destroyed in the final offensive most of the rest of the infrastructure of Tianjin was captured intact The price paid by the attacking communist force is relative low in the campaign suffering a casualty rate that included 7 030 killed and 19 214 wounded without any missing or being captured Among those communists killed were several hundred Japanese troops of the former Japanese Imperial Army who stayed in China after World War II and joined the communists Outcome editThe immediate consequence of the nationalist defeat in Tianjin campaign was that the nationalist garrison of Tanggu consisting of the 17th Army Group and five divisions from the 87th Army had been completely isolated and had to withdraw via sea which in turn worsened the overall situation for the nationalists during the Pingjin campaign The nationalist defeat in the Tianjin campaign was also one of the most important factors forcing Fu Zuoyi to surrender to the communists which resulted in the conclusion of the Pingjin campaign See also editOutline of the Chinese Civil War National Revolutionary Army History of the People s Liberation ArmyReferences editThis article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message Zhu Zongzhen and Wang Chaoguang Liberation War History 1st Edition Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing 2000 ISBN 7 80149 207 2 set Zhang Ping History of the Liberation War 1st Edition Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing 1987 ISBN 7 5006 0081 X pbk Jie Lifu Records of the Liberation War The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates 1st Edition Hebei People s Publishing House in Shijiazhuang 1990 ISBN 7 202 00733 9 set Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference Liberation War 1st Edition Anhui People s Publishing House in Hefei 1987 ISBN 7 212 00007 8 Li Zuomin Heroic Division and Iron Horse Records of the Liberation War 1st Edition Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing 2004 ISBN 7 80199 029 3 Wang Xingsheng and Zhang Jingshan Chinese Liberation War 1st Edition People s Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing 2001 ISBN 7 5033 1351 X set Huang Youlan History of the Chinese People s Liberation War 1st Edition Archives Publishing House in Beijing 1992 ISBN 7 80019 338 1 Liu Wusheng From Yan an to Beijing A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War 1st Edition Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing 1993 ISBN 7 5073 0074 9 Tang Yilu and Bi Jianzhong History of Chinese People s Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War 1st Edition Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing 1993 1997 ISBN 7 80021 719 1 Volum 1 7800219615 Volum 2 7800219631 Volum 3 7801370937 Volum 4 and 7801370953 Volum 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tianjin campaign amp oldid 1220074335, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
