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Pacific bluefin tuna

January 01, 1970

The Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) is a predatory species of tuna found widely in the northern Pacific Ocean, but it is migratory and also recorded as a visitor to the south Pacific.[3][4]

Pacific bluefin tuna
At Tokyo Sea Life Park, Japan
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scombriformes
Family: Scombridae
Genus: Thunnus
Subgenus: Thunnus
Species:
T. orientalis
Binomial name
Thunnus orientalis
(Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
Synonyms[2]
  • Thunnus saliens
    Jordan and Evermann, 1926
  • Thynnus orientalis
    Temminck and Schlegel, 1844
  • Thunnus thynnus orientalis
    (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)

In the past it was often included in T. thynnus, the 'combined' species then known as the northern bluefin tuna (when treated as separate, T. thynnus is called the Atlantic bluefin tuna).[5] It may reach as much as 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and 450 kg (990 lb) in weight.[6]

Like the closely related Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin, the Pacific bluefin is a commercially valuable species and several thousand tonnes are caught each year. It is considered overfished, but not subject to overfishing.[3][7][8] It is considered near threatened by the IUCN and PEW.[3][9] Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch program have placed all bluefin tunas on the "Avoid" list and they are also placed on the "Red List" by Greenpeace and the Blue Ocean Institute.[10][11][12]

Distribution edit

The Pacific bluefin tuna is primarily found in the North Pacific, ranging from the East Asian coast to the western coast of North America.[3][6] It is mainly a pelagic species found in temperate oceans, but it also ranges into the tropics and more coastal regions.[3] It typically occurs from the surface to 200 m (660 ft),[6] but has been recorded as deep as 550 m (1,800 ft).[3]

It spawns in the northwestern Philippine Sea (e.g., off Honshu, Okinawa and Taiwan) and in the Sea of Japan.[3][13] Some of these migrate to the East Pacific and return to the spawning grounds after a few years.[3] It has been recorded more locally as a visitor to the Southern Hemisphere, including off Australia, New Zealand, the Gulf of Papua and French Polynesia.[3][6]

The species is considered to consist of only one stock.[4]

Physiology edit

 
At Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan, Japan

Thermoregulation edit

Almost all fish are cold-blooded (ectothermic).[14] However, tuna and mackerel sharks are warm-blooded: they can regulate their body temperature.[15] Warm-blooded fish possess organs near their muscles called retia mirabilia that consist of a series of minute parallel veins and arteries that supply and drain the muscles. As the warmer blood in the veins returns to the gills for fresh oxygen it comes into close contact with cold, newly oxygenated blood in the arteries. The system acts as a counter-current heat exchanger and the heat from the blood in the veins is given up to the colder arterial blood rather than being lost at the gills. The net effect is less heat loss through the gills. Fish from warmer water elevate their temperature a few degrees whereas those from cold water may raise it as much as 20 °C (36 °F) warmer than the surrounding sea.

The tuna's ability to maintain body temperature has several definite advantages over other sea life. It need not limit its range according to water temperature, nor is it dominated by climatic changes. The additional heat supplied to the muscles is also advantageous because of the resulting extra power and speed.

Life cycle edit

Pacific bluefin tunas reach maturity at about 5 years of age, the generation length is estimated at 7–9 years and based on two separate sources the longevity is 15 years or 26 years.[3] At maturity it is about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long and weighs about 60 kg (130 lb).[3] Individuals that are 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long are regularly seen, and the maximum reported is 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and 450 kg (990 lb) in weight.[6] Elsewhere, a mass of up to 550 kg (1,210 lb) has been reported for the species.[16] According to the International Game Fish Association, the all-tackle game fish record was a 411.6 kg (907 lb) individual (Donna Pascoe) caught on 19 February 2014 onboard charter boat Gladiator during the National Tournament.[17]

Spawning occurs from April to August, but the exact timing depends on the region: Early in the northwest Philippine Sea (the southern part of its breeding range) and late in the Sea of Japan (the northern part of its breeding range).[3] Large females can carry more eggs than small ones, and between 5 million and 25 million eggs have been reported.[3]

Pacific bluefins eat various small schooling squids and fishes, but have also been recorded taking sessile animals,[6] pelagic red crabs and krill.[13]

Human interaction edit

Commercial fishery edit

 
Pacific bluefin caught near Santa Catalina in 1913

Pacific bluefin tuna support a large commercial fishery.

Aquaculture edit

Japan is both the biggest consumer and the leader in tuna farming research.[18][19] Kinki University of Japan first successfully farmed already-hatched bluefin tuna in 1979. In 2002, they succeeded in breeding them, and in 2007, the process was repeated for a third generation.[20][21][22] This farm-raised tuna is now known as Kindai tuna. Kindai is a contraction of Kinki University (Kinki daigaku).[23]

Conservation edit

Unlike the other bluefins (Atlantic and southern),[24][25] the Pacific bluefin tuna was not considered threatened initially, resulting in a Least Concern rating in 2011. In 2014, it was found to be threatened and the status was changed to Vulnerable.[3][26] The current status is listed as Near threatened. Based on a 2022 stock assessment, it was considered overfished, but not subject to overfishing.[7]

According to the 2022 stock assessments by the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC), the population has increased from a low point of about 2 percent of historic levels in 2010 to about 10 percent in 2020.[8] This has coincided with a reduction in fishing mortality.

Catches have ranged between about 8,000 and 40,000 tonnes since 1952.[8]

Its wide range and migratory behavior lead to some problems, since fisheries in the species are managed by several different Regional Fisheries Management Organisations that sometimes give conflicting advice. The IUCN have recommended that the responsibility be moved to a single organisation.[3] Other recommendations include a substantial reduction of fishing of this species, especially juveniles.[3] As much as 90% of the caught Pacific bluefins are juveniles.[27]

Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch program have placed all bluefin tunas on the "Avoid" list,[10] and they are also placed on the "Red List" by both Greenpeace and the Blue Ocean Institute.[11][12]

Mercury levels edit

Main article: Mercury poisoning
See also: Mercury in fish

Pacific bluefin flesh may contain levels of mercury or PCBs that are harmful to humans who consume it.[12] A similar problem exists in other tuna species.

Cuisine edit

About 80% of the Pacific and Atlantic bluefin tunas are consumed in Japan, and tunas that are particularly suited for sashimi and sushi can fetch very high prices. In Japan, some foods made available for the first time of the year are considered good luck, especially bluefin tuna. Winning these new year auctions is often used as a way to get publicity, which raises the prices considerably higher than their usual market value: on 5 January 2013, a 489-pound (222 kg) Pacific bluefin tuna caught off northeastern Japan was sold in the first auction of the year at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo for a record 155.4 million yen (US$1.76 million) – leading to record unit prices of US$3,603 per pound, or ¥703,167 per kilogram.[28] A 618-pound (280 kg) pacific bluefin tuna sold for 333.6 million yen (US$3.1 million) at a Tokyo fish market on 5 January 2019. The price equates to roughly $5,000 a pound, close to double the previous record. The fish was caught off Oma in northern Japan.[29]

References edit

  1. ^ Collette, Boustany. "Thunnus orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T170341A170087840". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  2. ^ "Thunnus orientalis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Collette, B.; Fox, W.; Juan Jorda, M.; Nelson, R.; Pollard, D.; Suzuki, N. & Teo, S. (2014). "Thunnus orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170341A65166749. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170341A65166749.en.
  4. ^ a b AsiaPacific-FishWatch (2017). "AsiaPacific-FishWatch, Thunnus orientalis species profile, Biology". AsiaPacific-FishWatch.
  5. ^ Collette, B.B. (1999). Mackerels, molecules, and morphology. In: Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea. pp. 149-164
  6. ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2011). "Thunnus orientalis" in FishBase. December 2011 version.
  7. ^ a b Fisheries, NOAA (2024-02-21). "Pacific Bluefin Tuna | NOAA Fisheries". NOAA. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  8. ^ a b c ISC (2022). "Annex 13: Stock Assessment of Pacific Bluefin Tuna in the Pacific Ocean in 2022" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  9. ^ The Pew Charitable Trusts: Global Tuna Conservation. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Sustainable tuna guide". www.seafoodwatch.org. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  11. ^ a b "Red List Fish - Greenpeace USA". 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  12. ^ a b c . Blue Ocean Institute. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  13. ^ a b . www.montereybayaquarium.org. Monterey Bay Aquarium. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  14. ^ Purves, William; Sadava, David; Orians, Gordon; Heller, H. Craig (December 15, 2000). Life: The Science of Biology (Sixth ed.). W. H. Freeman. p. 704. ISBN 978-0-7167-3873-2.
  15. ^ Carey, Francis G.; Teal, John M. (1969). "Regulation of body temperature by the bluefin tuna". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 28 (1): 205–213. doi:10.1016/0010-406x(69)91336-x. ISSN 0010-406X.
  16. ^ . Tag-A-Giant Foundation
  17. ^ "Fishingpro.co.nz".
  18. ^ "Breeding the Overfished Bluefin Tuna". LiveScience. 2008-03-17. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  19. ^ Ito, Masami, "Does Japan's affair with tuna mean loving it to extinction?", Japan Times, August 31, 2010, p. 3.
  20. ^ "The holy grail of fish breeding". taipeitimes.com. September 30, 2006.
  21. ^ "Cultivation, seedling production, and selective breeding of bluefin tuna and other fish at the Kinki University Fisheries Laboratory". Flku.jp. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  22. ^ Jung, Carolyn (2008-05-21). "The rarest tuna of all - Japan's farmed Kindai". The San Francisco Chronicle.
  23. ^ Raisfeld, Robin (2008-05-04). "Can a Farmed Bluefin Tuna Save the Planet? - New York Magazine". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  24. ^ Collette, B.; Amorim, A.F.; Boustany, A.; Carpenter, K.E.; de Oliveira Leite Jr., N.; Di Natale, A.; Die, D.; Fox, W.; Fredou, F.L.; Graves, J.; et al. (2011). "Thunnus thynnus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T21860A9331546. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T21860A9331546.en.
  25. ^ Collette, B.; Chang, S.-K.; Di Natale, A.; Fox, W.; Juan Jorda, M.; Miyabe, N.; Nelson, R.; Uozumi, Y. & Wang, S. (2011). "Thunnus maccoyii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T21858A9328286. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T21858A9328286.en.
  26. ^ Casey, M. (17 November 2014). Sushi eaters pushing Pacific bluefin tuna to brink of extinction. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  27. ^ Harvey, Fiona (9 January 2013). "Overfishing causes Pacific bluefin tuna numbers to drop 96%". The Guardian. London: GMG. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  28. ^ "A bluefin tuna sells for record $1.76M in Tokyo". USA Today. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  29. ^ "World's Most-Prized Fish Sold for $3.1 Million at Tokyo Auction". Bloomberg. Retrieved 5 January 2019.

External links edit

 
Wikispecies has information related to Thunnus orientalis.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thunnus orientalis.
  • Encyclopedia of Life
  • , a research group that tags and tracks the amazing Pacific bluefin tuna to learn more about it. The site features information, photos, blog posts and multimedia stories about the bluefin tuna.
  • Pew Charitable Trusts, new data (1/2013) shows that the population of Pacific bluefin is a small fraction of what it used to be, and is in danger of all but disappearing, - actually the Pacific Bluefin Tuna Population is down over 96%
  • Photos of Pacific bluefin tuna on Sealife Collection

January 01, 1970
pacific, bluefin, tuna, thunnus, orientalis, predatory, species, tuna, found, widely, northern, pacific, ocean, migratory, also, recorded, visitor, south, pacific, tokyo, life, park, japan, conservation, status, near, threatened, iucn, scientific, classificati. The Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis is a predatory species of tuna found widely in the northern Pacific Ocean but it is migratory and also recorded as a visitor to the south Pacific 3 4 Pacific bluefin tuna At Tokyo Sea Life Park Japan Conservation status Near Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Scombriformes Family Scombridae Genus Thunnus Subgenus Thunnus Species T orientalis Binomial name Thunnus orientalis Temminck and Schlegel 1844 Synonyms 2 Thunnus saliensJordan and Evermann 1926 Thynnus orientalisTemminck and Schlegel 1844 Thunnus thynnus orientalis Temminck and Schlegel 1844 In the past it was often included in T thynnus the combined species then known as the northern bluefin tuna when treated as separate T thynnus is called the Atlantic bluefin tuna 5 It may reach as much as 3 m 9 8 ft in length and 450 kg 990 lb in weight 6 Like the closely related Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin the Pacific bluefin is a commercially valuable species and several thousand tonnes are caught each year It is considered overfished but not subject to overfishing 3 7 8 It is considered near threatened by the IUCN and PEW 3 9 Monterey Bay Aquarium s Seafood Watch program have placed all bluefin tunas on the Avoid list and they are also placed on the Red List by Greenpeace and the Blue Ocean Institute 10 11 12 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Physiology 2 1 Thermoregulation 3 Life cycle 4 Human interaction 4 1 Commercial fishery 4 2 Aquaculture 4 3 Conservation 4 4 Mercury levels 4 5 Cuisine 5 References 6 External linksDistribution editThe Pacific bluefin tuna is primarily found in the North Pacific ranging from the East Asian coast to the western coast of North America 3 6 It is mainly a pelagic species found in temperate oceans but it also ranges into the tropics and more coastal regions 3 It typically occurs from the surface to 200 m 660 ft 6 but has been recorded as deep as 550 m 1 800 ft 3 It spawns in the northwestern Philippine Sea e g off Honshu Okinawa and Taiwan and in the Sea of Japan 3 13 Some of these migrate to the East Pacific and return to the spawning grounds after a few years 3 It has been recorded more locally as a visitor to the Southern Hemisphere including off Australia New Zealand the Gulf of Papua and French Polynesia 3 6 The species is considered to consist of only one stock 4 Physiology edit nbsp At Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan Japan This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2011 Learn how and when to remove this message Thermoregulation edit Almost all fish are cold blooded ectothermic 14 However tuna and mackerel sharks are warm blooded they can regulate their body temperature 15 Warm blooded fish possess organs near their muscles called retia mirabilia that consist of a series of minute parallel veins and arteries that supply and drain the muscles As the warmer blood in the veins returns to the gills for fresh oxygen it comes into close contact with cold newly oxygenated blood in the arteries The system acts as a counter current heat exchanger and the heat from the blood in the veins is given up to the colder arterial blood rather than being lost at the gills The net effect is less heat loss through the gills Fish from warmer water elevate their temperature a few degrees whereas those from cold water may raise it as much as 20 C 36 F warmer than the surrounding sea The tuna s ability to maintain body temperature has several definite advantages over other sea life It need not limit its range according to water temperature nor is it dominated by climatic changes The additional heat supplied to the muscles is also advantageous because of the resulting extra power and speed Life cycle editPacific bluefin tunas reach maturity at about 5 years of age the generation length is estimated at 7 9 years and based on two separate sources the longevity is 15 years or 26 years 3 At maturity it is about 1 5 m 4 ft 11 in long and weighs about 60 kg 130 lb 3 Individuals that are 2 m 6 ft 7 in long are regularly seen and the maximum reported is 3 m 9 8 ft in length and 450 kg 990 lb in weight 6 Elsewhere a mass of up to 550 kg 1 210 lb has been reported for the species 16 According to the International Game Fish Association the all tackle game fish record was a 411 6 kg 907 lb individual Donna Pascoe caught on 19 February 2014 onboard charter boat Gladiator during the National Tournament 17 Spawning occurs from April to August but the exact timing depends on the region Early in the northwest Philippine Sea the southern part of its breeding range and late in the Sea of Japan the northern part of its breeding range 3 Large females can carry more eggs than small ones and between 5 million and 25 million eggs have been reported 3 Pacific bluefins eat various small schooling squids and fishes but have also been recorded taking sessile animals 6 pelagic red crabs and krill 13 Human interaction editCommercial fishery edit nbsp Pacific bluefin caught near Santa Catalina in 1913 Pacific bluefin tuna support a large commercial fishery Aquaculture edit Japan is both the biggest consumer and the leader in tuna farming research 18 19 Kinki University of Japan first successfully farmed already hatched bluefin tuna in 1979 In 2002 they succeeded in breeding them and in 2007 the process was repeated for a third generation 20 21 22 This farm raised tuna is now known as Kindai tuna Kindai is a contraction of Kinki University Kinki daigaku 23 Conservation edit Unlike the other bluefins Atlantic and southern 24 25 the Pacific bluefin tuna was not considered threatened initially resulting in a Least Concern rating in 2011 In 2014 it was found to be threatened and the status was changed to Vulnerable 3 26 The current status is listed as Near threatened Based on a 2022 stock assessment it was considered overfished but not subject to overfishing 7 According to the 2022 stock assessments by the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean ISC the population has increased from a low point of about 2 percent of historic levels in 2010 to about 10 percent in 2020 8 This has coincided with a reduction in fishing mortality Catches have ranged between about 8 000 and 40 000 tonnes since 1952 8 Its wide range and migratory behavior lead to some problems since fisheries in the species are managed by several different Regional Fisheries Management Organisations that sometimes give conflicting advice The IUCN have recommended that the responsibility be moved to a single organisation 3 Other recommendations include a substantial reduction of fishing of this species especially juveniles 3 As much as 90 of the caught Pacific bluefins are juveniles 27 Monterey Bay Aquarium s Seafood Watch program have placed all bluefin tunas on the Avoid list 10 and they are also placed on the Red List by both Greenpeace and the Blue Ocean Institute 11 12 Mercury levels edit Main article Mercury poisoning See also Mercury in fish Pacific bluefin flesh may contain levels of mercury or PCBs that are harmful to humans who consume it 12 A similar problem exists in other tuna species Cuisine edit About 80 of the Pacific and Atlantic bluefin tunas are consumed in Japan and tunas that are particularly suited for sashimi and sushi can fetch very high prices In Japan some foods made available for the first time of the year are considered good luck especially bluefin tuna Winning these new year auctions is often used as a way to get publicity which raises the prices considerably higher than their usual market value on 5 January 2013 a 489 pound 222 kg Pacific bluefin tuna caught off northeastern Japan was sold in the first auction of the year at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo for a record 155 4 million yen US 1 76 million leading to record unit prices of US 3 603 per pound or 703 167 per kilogram 28 A 618 pound 280 kg pacific bluefin tuna sold for 333 6 million yen US 3 1 million at a Tokyo fish market on 5 January 2019 The price equates to roughly 5 000 a pound close to double the previous record The fish was caught off Oma in northern Japan 29 References edit Collette Boustany Thunnus orientalis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T170341A170087840 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Retrieved September 5 2021 Thunnus orientalis Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 9 December 2012 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Collette B Fox W Juan Jorda M Nelson R Pollard D Suzuki N amp Teo S 2014 Thunnus orientalis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014 e T170341A65166749 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2014 3 RLTS T170341A65166749 en a b AsiaPacific FishWatch 2017 AsiaPacific FishWatch Thunnus orientalis species profile Biology AsiaPacific FishWatch Collette B B 1999 Mackerels molecules and morphology In Proceedings of the 5th Indo Pacific Fish Conference Noumea pp 149 164 a b c d e f Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2011 Thunnus orientalis in FishBase December 2011 version a b Fisheries NOAA 2024 02 21 Pacific Bluefin Tuna NOAA Fisheries NOAA Retrieved 2024 03 26 a b c ISC 2022 Annex 13 Stock Assessment of Pacific Bluefin Tuna in the Pacific Ocean in 2022 PDF Retrieved 2024 03 26 The Pew Charitable Trusts Global Tuna Conservation Retrieved 8 March 2015 a b Sustainable tuna guide www seafoodwatch org Retrieved 2024 03 26 a b Red List Fish Greenpeace USA 2015 07 15 Retrieved 2024 03 26 a b c Tuna Bluefin Hon Maguro Blue Ocean Institute Archived from the original on 6 February 2015 Retrieved 8 March 2015 a b Pacific bluefin tuna www montereybayaquarium org Monterey Bay Aquarium Archived from the original on 11 May 2012 Retrieved 30 December 2011 Purves William Sadava David Orians Gordon Heller H Craig December 15 2000 Life The Science of Biology Sixth ed W H Freeman p 704 ISBN 978 0 7167 3873 2 Carey Francis G Teal John M 1969 Regulation of body temperature by the bluefin tuna Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 28 1 205 213 doi 10 1016 0010 406x 69 91336 x ISSN 0010 406X TAG Bluefin Science in the Pacific Tag A Giant Foundation Fishingpro co nz Breeding the Overfished Bluefin Tuna LiveScience 2008 03 17 Retrieved 2012 06 19 Ito Masami Does Japan s affair with tuna mean loving it to extinction Japan Times August 31 2010 p 3 The holy grail of fish breeding taipeitimes com September 30 2006 Cultivation seedling production and selective breeding of bluefin tuna and other fish at the Kinki University Fisheries Laboratory Flku jp Retrieved 2012 06 19 Jung Carolyn 2008 05 21 The rarest tuna of all Japan s farmed Kindai The San Francisco Chronicle Raisfeld Robin 2008 05 04 Can a Farmed Bluefin Tuna Save the Planet New York Magazine Nymag com Retrieved 2012 06 19 Collette B Amorim A F Boustany A Carpenter K E de Oliveira Leite Jr N Di Natale A Die D Fox W Fredou F L Graves J et al 2011 Thunnus thynnus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T21860A9331546 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2011 2 RLTS T21860A9331546 en Collette B Chang S K Di Natale A Fox W Juan Jorda M Miyabe N Nelson R Uozumi Y amp Wang S 2011 Thunnus maccoyii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T21858A9328286 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2011 2 RLTS T21858A9328286 en Casey M 17 November 2014 Sushi eaters pushing Pacific bluefin tuna to brink of extinction Retrieved 30 November 2014 Harvey Fiona 9 January 2013 Overfishing causes Pacific bluefin tuna numbers to drop 96 The Guardian London GMG ISSN 0261 3077 OCLC 60623878 Retrieved 9 January 2013 A bluefin tuna sells for record 1 76M in Tokyo USA Today 4 January 2013 Retrieved 5 January 2013 World s Most Prized Fish Sold for 3 1 Million at Tokyo Auction Bloomberg Retrieved 5 January 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Thunnus orientalis nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thunnus orientalis Encyclopedia of Life TOPP Tagging of Pacific Predators a research group that tags and tracks the amazing Pacific bluefin tuna to learn more about it The site features information photos blog posts and multimedia stories about the bluefin tuna Pew Charitable Trusts new data 1 2013 shows that the population of Pacific bluefin is a small fraction of what it used to be and is in danger of all but disappearing actually the Pacific Bluefin Tuna Population is down over 96 Photos of Pacific bluefin tuna on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pacific bluefin tuna amp oldid 1215706541, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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