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Three-Self Patriotic Movement

January 29, 2023

The Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM; Chinese: 三自爱国运动; pinyin: Sānzì Àiguó Yùndòng) is the official government supervisory organ for Protestantism in the People's Republic of China. It is colloquially known as the Three-Self Church (Chinese: 三自教会; pinyin: Sānzì Jiàohuì).

Three-Self Patriotic Movement
AbbreviationTSPM
ClassificationProtestant
OrientationVarious
TheologyState-regulated and controlled
GovernanceNational Committee
ChairpersonFu Xianwei
Secretary GeneralXu Xiaohong[1]
Associations
RegionChina
FounderState Administration for Religious Affairs
Origin1954
AbsorbedNational Christian Council of China
Merged intoUnited Front Work Department
Official websitewww.ccctspm.org
Three-Self Patriotic Movement
Traditional Chinese三自愛國運動
Simplified Chinese三自爱国运动
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinSānzì Àiguó Yùndòng
Wade–GilesSantzu Aikuo Yüntung
Yale RomanizationSandz Aigwo Yundung

The National Committee of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China (Chinese: 中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Jīdūjiào Sānzì Àiguó Yǔndòng Wěiyuánhuì) and the China Christian Council (CCC) are known in China as the lianghui (two organizations). Together they form the state-sanctioned Protestant church in mainland China. They are overseen by the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the United Front Work Department in 2018.[2]

History

Main article: Three-self formula

The three principles of self-governance, self-support (i.e., financial independence from foreigners), and self-propagation (i.e., indigenous missionary work) were first articulated by Henry Venn, General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841 to 1873, and Rufus Anderson, foreign secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.[3][4] The "Nevius Method," named for John Livingstone Nevius, a missionary to China and Korea, developed the three-self principle of Venn and Anderson into a plan for establishing indigenous churches.[5][6]

By 1877 three-self principles were much discussed among missionaries to China.[7] The principles were drafted formally during an 1892 conference in Shanghai of Christian missions reflecting an almost universal agreement that the future of the Chinese church depended on the indigenization of the leadership, and the finding of sufficiently Chinese modes of worship.[8]

Christian Manifesto

Main article: The Christian Manifesto

In May 1950, Y. T. Wu and other prominent Protestant leaders such as T. C. Chao, Chen Chonggui, and Cora Deng met in Beijing with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai to discuss Protestant Christianity's relationship with the young People's Republic of China. "The Christian Manifesto" was published in July 1950 and its original title was "Direction of Endeavor for Chinese Christianity in the Construction of New China". During the 1950s, 400,000 Protestant Christians publicly endorsed and signed this document.[9]

The purpose of publishing this document was:[9]

to heighten our vigilance against imperialism, to make known the clear political stand of Christians in New China, to hasten the building of a Chinese church whose affairs are managed by the Chinese themselves, and to indicate the responsibilities that should be taken up by Christians throughout the whole country in national reconstruction in New China.

It further stated the movement promoted the "self-governance, self-support, and self-propagation" (Chinese: 自治、自养、自传; pinyin: zìzhì, zìyǎng, zìchuán) of the Chinese church.[9]

Three-Self Reform Movement

In March 1951, after China's entry into the Korean War, the Religious Affairs Bureau directed religious groups to make elimination of imperialist influences a priority. In mid-April the State Administrative Council called together a conference in Beijing on the subject of "Handling of Christian Organizations Receiving Subsidies from the United States of America". This conference led to the formation of the Preparatory Committee for the Oppose-America, Assist-Korea Three-Self Reform Movement of the Christian Church (TSRM) under China's United Work Front policy. Those who attended the conference issued a "United Declaration" calling churches and other Christian organizations “to thoroughly, permanently and completely sever all relationships with the American missions and all other missions, thus realizing self-government, self-support and self-propagation in the Chinese church."[10] The declaration had the unexpected effect of swelling the membership of congregations that identified themselves as “self-run.”[11]

Establishment

 
CCC&TSPM office on Jiujiang Road, Shanghai

When the TSPM was established in 1954, it promoted a three-self strategy in order to remove foreign influences from the Chinese churches and to assure the government that the churches would be patriotic to the newly established People's Republic of China.[12] Other Protestant leaders included Jia Yuming, Marcus Cheng,[13] and Yang Shaotang.[14]

When "The Christian Manifesto" was published in the People's Daily in 1954, it pledged the support of Christians for anti-imperialism, anti-feudalism, and anti-bureaucratic capitalism efforts.[15] The movement, in the eyes of critics, allowed the government to infiltrate, subvert, and control much of organized Christianity.[16]

The work towards establishing the Protestant TSPM was seen to have potential also for Chinese Catholics to create a "three-self" (or, in English sources, often translated "three-autonomies") patriotic organization, even though this language was never used in earlier Catholic missiological discourse like it was by Protestant missionaries. Those who resisted were arrested or killed. But by 1957, some Chinese Catholics eventually established the Catholic Patriotic Association.[17]

After the Cultural Revolution

From 1966 to 1976 during the Cultural Revolution, the expression of religious life in China was effectively banned, including the TSPM. The growth of the Chinese house church movement during this period was a result of all Chinese Christian worship being driven underground for fear of persecution.[18] In 1979 the government officially restored the TSPM after thirteen years of non-existence,[16] and in 1980 the China Christian Council (CCC) was formed. However, many Christians in China were skeptical of the government's intention in reinstituting the TSPM, partly because those entrusted in its local administration were often ones who had participated in repressive actions in the past.[19][20][21]

The TSPM is not a denomination, and denominational distinctions do not exist within the organization. Pastors are trained at one of thirteen officially sanctioned seminaries.[16] Current theological emphasis is on "a protection and promotion of the five basic tenets of Christian faith — the Trinity, Christ being both human and God, the Virgin Birth, Death and Resurrection and the Second Coming."[22] The primary role of the TSPM was then delegated to liaison with the Government whereas the CCC serves as an ecclesial organisation focusing on the internal management and affairs of the Church.[23][24]

However, the TSPM is often charged with being an instrument for the secular Chinese government, which persecutes Christians outside of it. Independent congregations are known as house churches.[25] The attempt to bring house church Christians into the fold of "registered" meeting places has met with mixed results.[16] Since the ascension of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping, the Chinese Government has cracked down on house churches and oppressed their members, actions which the TSPM has supported.[26]

In 2018, the TSPM's parent organization, the State Administration for Religious Affairs, was absorbed into the CCP's United Front Work Department.[2]

In March 2019 Xu Xiaohong, the chairman of the National Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee, gave a speech about the use of Christianity by western powers to destabilize China and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In addition he stated in a speech at the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference that "Anti-China forces in the West are attempting to continue to influence the social stability of our country through Christianity, and even subvert the political power of our country".[27] He also called for continued state action against independent Christians stating "For individual black sheep who, under the banner of Christianity, participate in subverting national security, we firmly support the country to bring them to justice".[26]

Publications

The Chinese New Hymnal, first published in the 1980s, is the official hymnal of the TSPM churches. Editors include Lin Shengben, a renowned hymn composer in Shanghai.[28]

The Canaan Hymns hymnal associated with the house churches is also used in TSPM churches.[29] Through its official channels, TSPM has criticized the hymn for supposedly questioning the Movement's view of Christianity in service of Chinese socialism.[30] TSPM church services also feature non-Christian Communist Party songs.[27]

The main periodical of TSPM is Tian Feng.[31]

Statement of faith

The following confession of faith was adopted on 8 January 2008:[32]

The Chinese Church takes the contents of the entire Bible, the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed as the foundation of our faith, the main points of which are as follows:

Ours is a Triune God, everlasting and eternal.

God is Spirit. God is loving, just, holy, and trustworthy. God is almighty Father, the Lord who creates and sustains the cosmos and all that is in it, who keeps and cares for the whole world.

Jesus Christ is the only Son of God, born of the Holy Spirit, the Word made flesh, wholly God and wholly human. He came into the world to save humankind, to witness to God the Father, to preach the gospel; he was crucified, died, and was buried. He rose again and ascended into heaven. He will come again to judge the world.

The Holy Spirit is the Comforter, who enables people to know their sinfulness and to repent, who bestows wisdom and ability and every grace, leading us to know God and to enter into the truth, enabling people to live holy lives, and to give beautiful witness to Christ.

The church is the body of Christ and Christ is its Head. The church is apostolic, one, holy, and catholic. The visible church is called by God to be a fellowship of those who believe in Jesus Christ. It was established by the apostles as Jesus instructed them. The mission of the church is to preach the gospel, to administer the Sacraments, to teach and nurture believers, to do good works, and to bear witness to the Lord. The church is both universal and particular. The Chinese Church must build itself up in love and be one in Christ.

The Bible has been revealed by God and written down by human beings through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. The Bible is the highest authority in matters of faith and the standard of life for believers. Through the leading of the Holy Spirit, people in different times have gained new light in the Bible. The Bible should be interpreted in accordance with the principle of rightly explaining the word of truth. It should not be interpreted arbitrarily or out of context.

Human beings are made in the image of God, but cannot become gods. God has given humanity dominion over all God's creation. Because of sin, human beings have diminished God's glory, yet through faith and the grace of Jesus Christ, human beings are redeemed and saved, and are granted resurrection and everlasting life.

Christ will come again. According to the teachings of the Bible, no one knows the day of his coming, and any method to determine when Christ will come again violates the teachings of the Bible.

A Christian's faith and works are one. Christians must live out Christ in the world, glorifying God and benefiting people.

See also

References

  1. ^ 中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会第八届主席、副主席、秘书长名单 (in Chinese). CCC TSPM.
  2. ^ a b Joske, Alex (May 9, 2019). "Reorganizing the United Front Work Department: New Structures for a New Era of Diaspora and Religious Affairs Work". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  3. ^ Trammel, Madison, "Marking Time in the Middle Kingdom", Christianity Today Library, retrieved May 1, 2007.
  4. ^ Venn, Henry (1971), Warren, M (ed.), To Apply the Gospel: Selections from the Writings of…, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
  5. ^ Nevius, John Livingstone (1899), The Planting and Development of Missionary Churches (3rd ed.), New York: Foreign Missionary Library, OCLC 601015072
  6. ^ Clark, Charles Allen (1937), The Nevius Plan for Mission Work, Seoul, South Korea: Christian Literature Society
  7. ^ Yates, Matthew Tyson, ed. (1878), Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China: Held at Shanghai, May 10-24, 1977, Shanghai, China: Presbyterian Mission Press, pp. 39, 264, 289, 330, 477
  8. ^ Grant, Paul (January 1, 2007), The Three Self Church, NSM, retrieved May 1, 2007.
  9. ^ a b c Documents of the Three-Self Movement. New York: National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. 1963. pp. 19–20.
  10. ^ Ferris, Helen (1956). The Christian Church in Communist China, to 1952. Montgomery, AL: Air Force Personnel and Training Research Center. p. 8. OCLC 5542137.
  11. ^ Vala, Carsten Timothy (2008). Failing to Contain Religion: The Emergence of a Protestant Movement in Contemporary China (PhD). Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. pp. 42–43. OCLC 547151833.
  12. ^ Bays, Daniel H. (2011). A New History of Christianity in China. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 160–166. ISBN 978-1-4443-4284-0.
  13. ^ Wickeri, Philip L. (2011). Seeking the Common Ground: Protestant Christianity, the Three-Self Movement, and China's United Front. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-61097-529-2.
  14. ^ Lyall, Leslie (2006). Three of China's Mighty Men: Leaders of the Chinese Church Under Persecution. Christian Focus Publications. pp. 38–43. ISBN 978-1-85792-493-0.
  15. ^ Leung, Philip Yuen-sang (2004). "Conversion, Commitment, Culture: Christian Experiences in China, 1949–99". In Lewis, Donald M. (ed.). Christianity Reborn: The Global Expansion of Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century. William B. Eerdmans. p. 90.
  16. ^ a b c d Johnstone, Patrick (2001). Operation World. London: Paternoster. p. 164. ISBN 9781850783572.
  17. ^ Mariani, Paul P. (2011). Church Militant: Bishop Kung and Catholic Resistance in Communist Shanghai. Harvard University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-674-06317-4.
  18. ^ Bays, Daniel H. (Fall 2009). "American Public Discourse on the Church in China". The China Review. 9 (2): 4.
  19. ^ Bays, Daniel H. (Fall 2009). "American Public Discourse on the Church in China". The China Review. 9 (2): 4–5.
  20. ^ Dunch, Ryan (1991). Protestants and the State in Post-Mao China (MA). The University of British Columbia. p. 36.
  21. ^ Søvik, Arne (Spring 1979). "Religion, Religious Institutions and Religious Possibilities in China". China Notes. Vol. XVII, no. 2.
  22. ^ "TSPM – A Young Evangelist's Perspective", Amity News Service.
  23. ^ Wilson, Lynette (March 14, 2012). "Rise in Christians has China's churches, government looking for help". Episcopal News Service. Domestic & Foreign Missionary Society, The Episcopal Church. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  24. ^ Mengfei, Gu. "Chinese Churches on the Way Towards Unity". World Council of Churches. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  25. ^ United States Congress (October 2000). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997: Congressional Hearing. Washington, D. C. pp. 156–157. ISBN 9780788185427.
  26. ^ a b Blanchard, Ben (March 12, 2019). "China official says West using Christianity to 'subvert' power". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  27. ^ a b "West using Christianity to subvert Chinese state: Official". www.straitstimes.com. Straits Times. March 12, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
  28. ^ Chen, Ruiwen (2017). "Sinicizing Christian Music at Shanghai Community Church". In Zheng, Yangwen (ed.). Sinicizing Christianity. Leiden: Brill. pp. 290–318. ISBN 978-90-04-33037-5. OCLC 961004413.
  29. ^ Neeley, Paul L. (2016). "Canaan Hymns". In Scorgie, Glen G. (ed.). Dictionary of Christian Spirituality. Zondervan. p. 591. ISBN 978-0-310-53103-6.
  30. ^ Aikman, David (2012). Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity Is Transforming China And Changing the Global Balance of Power. Washington: Regnery Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-59698-652-7.
  31. ^ Fällman, Frederik (2009). "Tianfeng". In Davis, Edward L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture. Oxon: Taylor & Francis. p. 832. ISBN 978-0-415-77716-2.
  32. ^ . Church Order of Protestant Churches in China. National Committee of Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China/China Christian Council. May 15, 2008. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2012.

Further reading

  • Daniel H. Bays. A New History of Christianity in China. (Chichester, West Sussex; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, Blackwell Guides to Global Christianity, 2012). ISBN 9781405159548), esp. Ch. 7, "Christianity and the New China, 1950–1966.
  • Galli, Mark (November 2004). "The Chinese Church's Delicate Dance: A conversation with the head of the Protestant Three-Self Patriotic Movement". Christianity Today.
  • Philip L. Wickeri. Seeking the Common Ground : Protestant Christianity, the Three-Self Movement, and China's United Front. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988). ISBN 0883444410.
  • Wallace C. Merwin and Francis P. Jones, ed., Documents of the Three-Self Movement: Source Materials for the Study of the Protestant Church in Communist China. (New York, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Division of Foreign Missions. Far Eastern Office, 1963). OCLC 471718935.

External links

  • Official website (in Chinese)
  • Chinese Protestant Church
  • The Church in China
  • Amity Foundation

January 29, 2023
three, self, patriotic, movement, tspm, chinese, 三自爱国运动, pinyin, sānzì, Àiguó, yùndòng, official, government, supervisory, organ, protestantism, people, republic, china, colloquially, known, three, self, church, chinese, 三自教会, pinyin, sānzì, jiàohuì, abbreviat. The Three Self Patriotic Movement TSPM Chinese 三自爱国运动 pinyin Sanzi Aiguo Yundong is the official government supervisory organ for Protestantism in the People s Republic of China It is colloquially known as the Three Self Church Chinese 三自教会 pinyin Sanzi Jiaohui Three Self Patriotic MovementAbbreviationTSPMClassificationProtestantOrientationVariousTheologyState regulated and controlledGovernanceNational CommitteeChairpersonFu XianweiSecretary GeneralXu Xiaohong 1 AssociationsChina Christian Council World Council of ChurchesRegionChinaFounderState Administration for Religious AffairsOrigin1954AbsorbedNational Christian Council of ChinaMerged intoUnited Front Work DepartmentOfficial websitewww wbr ccctspm wbr orgThree Self Patriotic MovementTraditional Chinese三自愛國運動Simplified Chinese三自爱国运动TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinSanzi Aiguo YundongWade GilesSantzu Aikuo YuntungYale RomanizationSandz Aigwo YundungThe National Committee of the Three Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China Chinese 中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会 pinyin Zhōngguo Jidujiao Sanzi Aiguo Yǔndong Weiyuanhui and the China Christian Council CCC are known in China as the lianghui two organizations Together they form the state sanctioned Protestant church in mainland China They are overseen by the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party CCP following the State Administration for Religious Affairs absorption into the United Front Work Department in 2018 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Christian Manifesto 1 2 Three Self Reform Movement 1 3 Establishment 1 4 After the Cultural Revolution 2 Publications 3 Statement of faith 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistory EditMain article Three self formula The three principles of self governance self support i e financial independence from foreigners and self propagation i e indigenous missionary work were first articulated by Henry Venn General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841 to 1873 and Rufus Anderson foreign secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 3 4 The Nevius Method named for John Livingstone Nevius a missionary to China and Korea developed the three self principle of Venn and Anderson into a plan for establishing indigenous churches 5 6 By 1877 three self principles were much discussed among missionaries to China 7 The principles were drafted formally during an 1892 conference in Shanghai of Christian missions reflecting an almost universal agreement that the future of the Chinese church depended on the indigenization of the leadership and the finding of sufficiently Chinese modes of worship 8 Christian Manifesto Edit Main article The Christian Manifesto In May 1950 Y T Wu and other prominent Protestant leaders such as T C Chao Chen Chonggui and Cora Deng met in Beijing with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai to discuss Protestant Christianity s relationship with the young People s Republic of China The Christian Manifesto was published in July 1950 and its original title was Direction of Endeavor for Chinese Christianity in the Construction of New China During the 1950s 400 000 Protestant Christians publicly endorsed and signed this document 9 The purpose of publishing this document was 9 to heighten our vigilance against imperialism to make known the clear political stand of Christians in New China to hasten the building of a Chinese church whose affairs are managed by the Chinese themselves and to indicate the responsibilities that should be taken up by Christians throughout the whole country in national reconstruction in New China It further stated the movement promoted the self governance self support and self propagation Chinese 自治 自养 自传 pinyin zizhi ziyǎng zichuan of the Chinese church 9 Three Self Reform Movement Edit In March 1951 after China s entry into the Korean War the Religious Affairs Bureau directed religious groups to make elimination of imperialist influences a priority In mid April the State Administrative Council called together a conference in Beijing on the subject of Handling of Christian Organizations Receiving Subsidies from the United States of America This conference led to the formation of the Preparatory Committee for the Oppose America Assist Korea Three Self Reform Movement of the Christian Church TSRM under China s United Work Front policy Those who attended the conference issued a United Declaration calling churches and other Christian organizations to thoroughly permanently and completely sever all relationships with the American missions and all other missions thus realizing self government self support and self propagation in the Chinese church 10 The declaration had the unexpected effect of swelling the membership of congregations that identified themselves as self run 11 Establishment Edit CCC amp TSPM office on Jiujiang Road Shanghai When the TSPM was established in 1954 it promoted a three self strategy in order to remove foreign influences from the Chinese churches and to assure the government that the churches would be patriotic to the newly established People s Republic of China 12 Other Protestant leaders included Jia Yuming Marcus Cheng 13 and Yang Shaotang 14 When The Christian Manifesto was published in the People s Daily in 1954 it pledged the support of Christians for anti imperialism anti feudalism and anti bureaucratic capitalism efforts 15 The movement in the eyes of critics allowed the government to infiltrate subvert and control much of organized Christianity 16 The work towards establishing the Protestant TSPM was seen to have potential also for Chinese Catholics to create a three self or in English sources often translated three autonomies patriotic organization even though this language was never used in earlier Catholic missiological discourse like it was by Protestant missionaries Those who resisted were arrested or killed But by 1957 some Chinese Catholics eventually established the Catholic Patriotic Association 17 After the Cultural Revolution Edit From 1966 to 1976 during the Cultural Revolution the expression of religious life in China was effectively banned including the TSPM The growth of the Chinese house church movement during this period was a result of all Chinese Christian worship being driven underground for fear of persecution 18 In 1979 the government officially restored the TSPM after thirteen years of non existence 16 and in 1980 the China Christian Council CCC was formed However many Christians in China were skeptical of the government s intention in reinstituting the TSPM partly because those entrusted in its local administration were often ones who had participated in repressive actions in the past 19 20 21 The TSPM is not a denomination and denominational distinctions do not exist within the organization Pastors are trained at one of thirteen officially sanctioned seminaries 16 Current theological emphasis is on a protection and promotion of the five basic tenets of Christian faith the Trinity Christ being both human and God the Virgin Birth Death and Resurrection and the Second Coming 22 The primary role of the TSPM was then delegated to liaison with the Government whereas the CCC serves as an ecclesial organisation focusing on the internal management and affairs of the Church 23 24 However the TSPM is often charged with being an instrument for the secular Chinese government which persecutes Christians outside of it Independent congregations are known as house churches 25 The attempt to bring house church Christians into the fold of registered meeting places has met with mixed results 16 Since the ascension of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping the Chinese Government has cracked down on house churches and oppressed their members actions which the TSPM has supported 26 In 2018 the TSPM s parent organization the State Administration for Religious Affairs was absorbed into the CCP s United Front Work Department 2 In March 2019 Xu Xiaohong the chairman of the National Three Self Patriotic Movement Committee gave a speech about the use of Christianity by western powers to destabilize China and the Chinese Communist Party CCP In addition he stated in a speech at the Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference that Anti China forces in the West are attempting to continue to influence the social stability of our country through Christianity and even subvert the political power of our country 27 He also called for continued state action against independent Christians stating For individual black sheep who under the banner of Christianity participate in subverting national security we firmly support the country to bring them to justice 26 Publications EditThe Chinese New Hymnal first published in the 1980s is the official hymnal of the TSPM churches Editors include Lin Shengben a renowned hymn composer in Shanghai 28 The Canaan Hymns hymnal associated with the house churches is also used in TSPM churches 29 Through its official channels TSPM has criticized the hymn for supposedly questioning the Movement s view of Christianity in service of Chinese socialism 30 TSPM church services also feature non Christian Communist Party songs 27 The main periodical of TSPM is Tian Feng 31 Statement of faith EditThe following confession of faith was adopted on 8 January 2008 32 The Chinese Church takes the contents of the entire Bible the Apostles Creed and the Nicene Creed as the foundation of our faith the main points of which are as follows Ours is a Triune God everlasting and eternal God is Spirit God is loving just holy and trustworthy God is almighty Father the Lord who creates and sustains the cosmos and all that is in it who keeps and cares for the whole world Jesus Christ is the only Son of God born of the Holy Spirit the Word made flesh wholly God and wholly human He came into the world to save humankind to witness to God the Father to preach the gospel he was crucified died and was buried He rose again and ascended into heaven He will come again to judge the world The Holy Spirit is the Comforter who enables people to know their sinfulness and to repent who bestows wisdom and ability and every grace leading us to know God and to enter into the truth enabling people to live holy lives and to give beautiful witness to Christ The church is the body of Christ and Christ is its Head The church is apostolic one holy and catholic The visible church is called by God to be a fellowship of those who believe in Jesus Christ It was established by the apostles as Jesus instructed them The mission of the church is to preach the gospel to administer the Sacraments to teach and nurture believers to do good works and to bear witness to the Lord The church is both universal and particular The Chinese Church must build itself up in love and be one in Christ The Bible has been revealed by God and written down by human beings through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit The Bible is the highest authority in matters of faith and the standard of life for believers Through the leading of the Holy Spirit people in different times have gained new light in the Bible The Bible should be interpreted in accordance with the principle of rightly explaining the word of truth It should not be interpreted arbitrarily or out of context Human beings are made in the image of God but cannot become gods God has given humanity dominion over all God s creation Because of sin human beings have diminished God s glory yet through faith and the grace of Jesus Christ human beings are redeemed and saved and are granted resurrection and everlasting life Christ will come again According to the teachings of the Bible no one knows the day of his coming and any method to determine when Christ will come again violates the teachings of the Bible A Christian s faith and works are one Christians must live out Christ in the world glorifying God and benefiting people See also EditList of the largest Protestant denominations Christianity in China Protestantism in China Catholic Patriotic Association Henry Venn Chinese Independent Churches Positive ChristianityReferences Edit 中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会第八届主席 副主席 秘书长名单 in Chinese CCC TSPM a b Joske Alex May 9 2019 Reorganizing the United Front Work Department New Structures for a New Era of Diaspora and Religious Affairs Work Jamestown Foundation Retrieved November 18 2019 Trammel Madison Marking Time in the Middle Kingdom Christianity Today Library retrieved May 1 2007 Venn Henry 1971 Warren M ed To Apply the Gospel Selections from the Writings of Grand Rapids Eerdmans Nevius John Livingstone 1899 The Planting and Development of Missionary Churches 3rd ed New York Foreign Missionary Library OCLC 601015072 Clark Charles Allen 1937 The Nevius Plan for Mission Work Seoul South Korea Christian Literature Society Yates Matthew Tyson ed 1878 Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China Held at Shanghai May 10 24 1977 Shanghai China Presbyterian Mission Press pp 39 264 289 330 477 Grant Paul January 1 2007 The Three Self Church NSM retrieved May 1 2007 a b c Documents of the Three Self Movement New York National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U S A 1963 pp 19 20 Ferris Helen 1956 The Christian Church in Communist China to 1952 Montgomery AL Air Force Personnel and Training Research Center p 8 OCLC 5542137 Vala Carsten Timothy 2008 Failing to Contain Religion The Emergence of a Protestant Movement in Contemporary China PhD Berkeley CA University of California Berkeley pp 42 43 OCLC 547151833 Bays Daniel H 2011 A New History of Christianity in China Chichester John Wiley amp Sons pp 160 166 ISBN 978 1 4443 4284 0 Wickeri Philip L 2011 Seeking the Common Ground Protestant Christianity the Three Self Movement and China s United Front Wipf and Stock Publishers p 166 ISBN 978 1 61097 529 2 Lyall Leslie 2006 Three of China s Mighty Men Leaders of the Chinese Church Under Persecution Christian Focus Publications pp 38 43 ISBN 978 1 85792 493 0 Leung Philip Yuen sang 2004 Conversion Commitment Culture Christian Experiences in China 1949 99 In Lewis Donald M ed Christianity Reborn The Global Expansion of Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century William B Eerdmans p 90 a b c d Johnstone Patrick 2001 Operation World London Paternoster p 164 ISBN 9781850783572 Mariani Paul P 2011 Church Militant Bishop Kung and Catholic Resistance in Communist Shanghai Harvard University Press p 88 ISBN 978 0 674 06317 4 Bays Daniel H Fall 2009 American Public Discourse on the Church in China The China Review 9 2 4 Bays Daniel H Fall 2009 American Public Discourse on the Church in China The China Review 9 2 4 5 Dunch Ryan 1991 Protestants and the State in Post Mao China MA The University of British Columbia p 36 Sovik Arne Spring 1979 Religion Religious Institutions and Religious Possibilities in China China Notes Vol XVII no 2 TSPM A Young Evangelist s Perspective Amity News Service Wilson Lynette March 14 2012 Rise in Christians has China s churches government looking for help Episcopal News Service Domestic amp Foreign Missionary Society The Episcopal Church Retrieved May 31 2012 Mengfei Gu Chinese Churches on the Way Towards Unity World Council of Churches Retrieved May 31 2012 United States Congress October 2000 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997 Congressional Hearing Washington D C pp 156 157 ISBN 9780788185427 a b Blanchard Ben March 12 2019 China official says West using Christianity to subvert power Reuters Reuters Retrieved September 21 2019 a b West using Christianity to subvert Chinese state Official www straitstimes com Straits Times March 12 2019 Retrieved September 21 2019 Chen Ruiwen 2017 Sinicizing Christian Music at Shanghai Community Church In Zheng Yangwen ed Sinicizing Christianity Leiden Brill pp 290 318 ISBN 978 90 04 33037 5 OCLC 961004413 Neeley Paul L 2016 Canaan Hymns In Scorgie Glen G ed Dictionary of Christian Spirituality Zondervan p 591 ISBN 978 0 310 53103 6 Aikman David 2012 Jesus in Beijing How Christianity Is Transforming China And Changing the Global Balance of Power Washington Regnery Publishing p 110 ISBN 978 1 59698 652 7 Fallman Frederik 2009 Tianfeng In Davis Edward L ed Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture Oxon Taylor amp Francis p 832 ISBN 978 0 415 77716 2 Chapter Two Faith Church Order of Protestant Churches in China National Committee of Three Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China China Christian Council May 15 2008 Archived from the original on August 26 2014 Retrieved May 31 2012 Further reading EditDaniel H Bays A New History of Christianity in China Chichester West Sussex Malden MA Wiley Blackwell Blackwell Guides to Global Christianity 2012 ISBN 9781405159548 esp Ch 7 Christianity and the New China 1950 1966 Galli Mark November 2004 The Chinese Church s Delicate Dance A conversation with the head of the Protestant Three Self Patriotic Movement Christianity Today Philip L Wickeri Seeking the Common Ground Protestant Christianity the Three Self Movement and China s United Front Maryknoll NY Orbis Books 1988 ISBN 0883444410 Wallace C Merwin and Francis P Jones ed Documents of the Three Self Movement Source Materials for the Study of the Protestant Church in Communist China New York National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America Division of Foreign Missions Far Eastern Office 1963 OCLC 471718935 External links EditOfficial website in Chinese Chinese Protestant Church The Church in China Amity Foundation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Three Self Patriotic Movement amp oldid 1135104576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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