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Studio zone

January 01, 1970

The studio zone, also known as the thirty-mile zone (TMZ), is an area defined by a 30-mile (48 km) radius of "Hollywood" used by the American entertainment industry to determine employee benefits for work performed inside and outside of it. Its center has traditionally been regarded as the southeast corner[1] of Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. The boundaries of the 30-mile (48 km) radius includes the southern, urbanized half of Los Angeles County, as well as parts of eastern Ventura County and northwestern Orange County.[citation needed]

Studio zone
Thirty-mile zone (TMZ)
The intersection at the center of the studio zone: Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles (2008)
Interactive maps of the studio zone
Coordinates: 34°04′33″N 118°22′36″W / 34.07583°N 118.37667°W / 34.07583; -118.37667

History edit

Entertainment industry labor unions use the studio zone to determine per diem rates, work rules, and workers' compensation for union workers. For example, entertainment works produced within the area are considered "local" and workers are responsible for paying for their own meals and transportation to work sites; those outside the zone are considered "on location" and the studios are generally expected to pay for these expenses.[2]

During most of the 20th century, the Hollywood entertainment industry preferred to film movies and television shows within the studio zone to reduce labor costs. Thus, the zone largely determined the location and success of the original movie ranches in or near Hollywood. By establishing movie ranches within the boundary of the zone, studios could take advantage of Los Angeles's varied landscape.[2] With clever editing, it was easy to use a few aerial and location shots (usually shot by a second unit), along with carefully dressed sets, to give viewers the impression that a movie or show was set elsewhere.

The studio zone itself, as well as the lack of motion picture production companies and experienced personnel outside the zone, made it expensive to film on location, since movie studios had to bring everything needed from Los Angeles. Conversely, anyone who wanted to start a career in the entertainment industry needed to move to Los Angeles to break into the studio zone. For example, a 2001 analysis of geographical data found that the vast majority of screenwriters, grips, casting directors, talent agents, and talent managers based in Southern California either live within or just outside of the studio zone.[3]

Boundaries edit

 
Beverly Boulevard with the La Cienega Boulevard intersection in the foreground (2023)

The studio zone's boundaries have expanded over the years, primarily to keep labor costs down and help keep Los Angeles as an attractive site to shoot productions. The studio zone was formally first established in 1934, originally defined as a 6-mile (9.7 km) radius from Rossmore Avenue and 5th Street. By 1970, the center of the zone became Beverly and La Cienega Boulevards in the Beverly Grove, Los Angeles neighborhood, the then-headquarters of the Association of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP), and expanded to a 30-mile (48 km) radius.[2]

In addition to the traditional 30-mile (48 km) radius from Beverly and La Cienega Boulevards, the studio zone also includes some locations that technically lie outside the area, such as the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Conejo Ranch near Thousand Oaks in Ventura County, and Castaic Lake in northwest Los Angeles County.[4]

In 2010, additional locations were added: Agua Dulce, the entire community of Castaic (in addition to Castaic Lake), Leo Carrillo State Park, Moorpark, Ontario International Airport, Piru, and Pomona (including the Fairplex, of which a small portion is jurisdictionally in La Verne).[5][6]

With respect to the locations added in 2010, producers are required to grant reasonable requests to actors for hotel accommodations if the locations listed above lie over 4 miles (6.4 km) outside of the original 30-mile (48 km) zone.[7] Locations rejected in negotiations included adding Lancaster and Port Hueneme to the zone.[8] The addition of Pomona to the studio zone has led to an increase in filming in that city.[9]

Since the 1990s, many countries and other U.S. states have offered generous tax credits or deductions to offset the much higher cost of filming on location and thereby break the self-reinforcing loop which had kept the American film industry centered on the thirty-mile zone for so many decades. The result was what Hollywood people call runaway production. Places such as Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; New Orleans, Louisiana; Atlanta, Georgia; and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada have become popular—and cheaper—alternatives to filming in Los Angeles and New York City.[10]

In popular culture edit

The initials of the Fox Corporation-owned tabloid news website TMZ stand for "Thirty Mile Zone", an abbreviation for the studio zone.[11]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "LA Studio Zones | California Film Commission". Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  2. ^ a b c Roland, Zelda (March 10, 2016). "Studio Labor and the Origins of Hollywood's Thirty-Mile Zone, or TMZ". KCET. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  3. ^ Scott, Allen J. (2005). On Hollywood: The Place, the Industry. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 124–132. ISBN 9780691116839. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Los Angeles Studio Zone Map". Entertainment Partners. Retrieved 2012-09-20. This site also states that the Long Beach Dome is "considered to be in the studio zone", but the designation is redundant for this specific location, as it lies within the 30-mile (48 km) radius.
  5. ^ IATSE/AMPTP Deal: 2% Wage Increases and First-Time Ever Health Premiums - The Hollywood Reporter
  6. ^ Sagaftra.org
  7. ^ Sagaftra.org
  8. ^ Business Representative | IA.T.S.E. Local 80
  9. ^ Land of Lincoln comes to Pomona via Hollywood
  10. ^ Christine (February 21, 2011). "Tuesday, Feb. 22: Filming Locations in Vancouver, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, NYC, & more including 'Ides of March', 'Supernatural', 'Blue Bloods', & more". OnLocationVaction.com.
  11. ^ "Slanguage Dictionary". Variety. 20 February 2013.

External links edit

  • IATSE (Official site)
  • Interactive 30 mile map of the Studio Zone

January 01, 1970
studio, zone, studio, zone, also, known, thirty, mile, zone, area, defined, mile, radius, hollywood, used, american, entertainment, industry, determine, employee, benefits, work, performed, inside, outside, center, traditionally, been, regarded, southeast, cor. The studio zone also known as the thirty mile zone TMZ is an area defined by a 30 mile 48 km radius of Hollywood used by the American entertainment industry to determine employee benefits for work performed inside and outside of it Its center has traditionally been regarded as the southeast corner 1 of Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles California The boundaries of the 30 mile 48 km radius includes the southern urbanized half of Los Angeles County as well as parts of eastern Ventura County and northwestern Orange County citation needed Studio zone Thirty mile zone TMZ The intersection at the center of the studio zone Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles 2008 Show the studio zone s radiusShow the studio zone s centerInteractive maps of the studio zoneCoordinates 34 04 33 N 118 22 36 W 34 07583 N 118 37667 W 34 07583 118 37667 Contents 1 History 1 1 Boundaries 2 In popular culture 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editEntertainment industry labor unions use the studio zone to determine per diem rates work rules and workers compensation for union workers For example entertainment works produced within the area are considered local and workers are responsible for paying for their own meals and transportation to work sites those outside the zone are considered on location and the studios are generally expected to pay for these expenses 2 During most of the 20th century the Hollywood entertainment industry preferred to film movies and television shows within the studio zone to reduce labor costs Thus the zone largely determined the location and success of the original movie ranches in or near Hollywood By establishing movie ranches within the boundary of the zone studios could take advantage of Los Angeles s varied landscape 2 With clever editing it was easy to use a few aerial and location shots usually shot by a second unit along with carefully dressed sets to give viewers the impression that a movie or show was set elsewhere The studio zone itself as well as the lack of motion picture production companies and experienced personnel outside the zone made it expensive to film on location since movie studios had to bring everything needed from Los Angeles Conversely anyone who wanted to start a career in the entertainment industry needed to move to Los Angeles to break into the studio zone For example a 2001 analysis of geographical data found that the vast majority of screenwriters grips casting directors talent agents and talent managers based in Southern California either live within or just outside of the studio zone 3 Boundaries edit nbsp Beverly Boulevard with the La Cienega Boulevard intersection in the foreground 2023 The studio zone s boundaries have expanded over the years primarily to keep labor costs down and help keep Los Angeles as an attractive site to shoot productions The studio zone was formally first established in 1934 originally defined as a 6 mile 9 7 km radius from Rossmore Avenue and 5th Street By 1970 the center of the zone became Beverly and La Cienega Boulevards in the Beverly Grove Los Angeles neighborhood the then headquarters of the Association of Motion Picture and Television Producers AMPTP and expanded to a 30 mile 48 km radius 2 In addition to the traditional 30 mile 48 km radius from Beverly and La Cienega Boulevards the studio zone also includes some locations that technically lie outside the area such as the Metro Goldwyn Mayer Conejo Ranch near Thousand Oaks in Ventura County and Castaic Lake in northwest Los Angeles County 4 In 2010 additional locations were added Agua Dulce the entire community of Castaic in addition to Castaic Lake Leo Carrillo State Park Moorpark Ontario International Airport Piru and Pomona including the Fairplex of which a small portion is jurisdictionally in La Verne 5 6 With respect to the locations added in 2010 producers are required to grant reasonable requests to actors for hotel accommodations if the locations listed above lie over 4 miles 6 4 km outside of the original 30 mile 48 km zone 7 Locations rejected in negotiations included adding Lancaster and Port Hueneme to the zone 8 The addition of Pomona to the studio zone has led to an increase in filming in that city 9 Since the 1990s many countries and other U S states have offered generous tax credits or deductions to offset the much higher cost of filming on location and thereby break the self reinforcing loop which had kept the American film industry centered on the thirty mile zone for so many decades The result was what Hollywood people call runaway production Places such as Pittsburgh Pennsylvania New Orleans Louisiana Atlanta Georgia and Vancouver British Columbia Canada have become popular and cheaper alternatives to filming in Los Angeles and New York City 10 In popular culture editThe initials of the Fox Corporation owned tabloid news website TMZ stand for Thirty Mile Zone an abbreviation for the studio zone 11 See also editFilming location Movie ranchReferences edit LA Studio Zones California Film Commission Retrieved 2021 10 30 a b c Roland Zelda March 10 2016 Studio Labor and the Origins of Hollywood s Thirty Mile Zone or TMZ KCET Retrieved March 16 2018 Scott Allen J 2005 On Hollywood The Place the Industry Princeton Princeton University Press pp 124 132 ISBN 9780691116839 Retrieved 8 October 2023 Los Angeles Studio Zone Map Entertainment Partners Retrieved 2012 09 20 This site also states that the Long Beach Dome is considered to be in the studio zone but the designation is redundant for this specific location as it lies within the 30 mile 48 km radius IATSE AMPTP Deal 2 Wage Increases and First Time Ever Health Premiums The Hollywood Reporter Sagaftra org Sagaftra org Business Representative IA T S E Local 80 Land of Lincoln comes to Pomona via Hollywood Christine February 21 2011 Tuesday Feb 22 Filming Locations in Vancouver Pittsburgh Cincinnati NYC amp more including Ides of March Supernatural Blue Bloods amp more OnLocationVaction com Slanguage Dictionary Variety 20 February 2013 External links editIATSE Official site Interactive 30 mile map of the Studio Zone Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Studio zone amp oldid 1181242111, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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