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The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)

In 1981, BBC Radio 4 produced a dramatisation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings in 26 half-hour stereo instalments. The novel had previously been adapted as a 12-part BBC Radio adaptation in 1955 and 1956 (of which no recordings are known to have survived), and a 1979 production by The Mind's Eye for National Public Radio in the US.

The Lord of the Rings
GenreRadio drama
Running time30 minutes per episode
Country of originUnited Kingdom
Language(s)English
Home stationBBC Radio 4
StarringIan Holm
Michael Hordern
Robert Stephens
Bill Nighy
James Grout
Simon Cadell
John Le Mesurier
Jack May
Peter Vaughan
Created byJ. R. R. Tolkien
Written byBrian Sibley[1]
Michael Bakewell
Directed byJane Morgan
Penny Leicester
Narrated byGerard Murphy
Original release8 March –
30 August 1981
No. of episodes26

Like the novel on which it is based, the radio series tells the story of an epic struggle between the Dark Lord Sauron of Mordor, the primary villain of the work, and an alliance of heroes who join forces to save the world from falling under his shadow.

Development edit

Early stages and commissioning edit

The BBC entered negotiations with The Saul Zaentz Company to obtain the radio rights to adapt The Lord of the Rings in 1979, following the release of the Ralph Bakshi animated film.[2][3] J. R. R. Tolkien had sold the film, stage and merchandising rights to United Artists in 1969, who had subsequently sold them to The Saul Zaentz Company in 1976.[4] The negotiations were protracted but ironically entirely unnecessary as the radio rights had never passed to the film company and were still controlled by the Tolkien estate.[2]

Brian Sibley was a young scriptwriter who had written a number of radio features for the BBC, but lacked experience adapting works of literature, having previously only adapted a short fantasy by James Thurber.[2] In 1979, Sibley submitted an idea for an original radio drama to Head of Drama Script Unit, Richard Imison, but was rejected. In his rejection letter, Imison asked Sibley to suggest a list of novels he would like to see adapted. Sibley submitted “about a baker’s dozen” suggestions, and added The Lord of the Rings in a postscript, declaring it “the one book I would really like to adapt for radio.”[2] Some weeks later in a chance meeting on a corridor in Broadcasting House, Imison asked Sibley how he had learned that the BBC were in negotiations to obtain the rights. Sibley stated that he had not been aware, and had suggested the book because he was "simply in love with [it]", having read it for the first time during an extended hospital stay a few years earlier.[2] The BBC commissioned the adaptation and offered it to Sibley as the lead writer. The commissioners had determined that it should comprise 26 half-hour episodes (6 months' worth of weekly broadcasts), and that scriptwriting should be divided between two writers.[2] Michael Bakewell was brought in as the second writer – a former producer and writer whose previous credits included a radio adaptation of Tolstoy’s War and Peace.[5]

Writing edit

Sibley and Bakewell began the process of adapting the books by arranging the core storyline into 26 episode synopses, each with its own conventional narrative structure and ending on a natural ‘cliffhanger’. From these synopses, the full episode scripts would be developed. The source material presented a variety of challenges to the adaptation process. Sibley recalls pacing difficulties due to the book's fluctuations between "sections rich in description, others containing lengthy historical resumés, some having an abundance of dialogue, while others are almost entirely narrative."[2] These challenges led to decisions to omit sections and characters that were deemed not to meaningfully advance the core plot. As such, the serial omits several sequences, most notably those in Book 1 in which the hobbits come to Crickhollow, enter the Old Forest, and encounter the Barrow-wights, Old Man Willow, and ultimately Tom Bombadil.[6] On the latter, Sibley has stated he considers Bombadil to be a character Tolkien created independently of The Lord of the Rings,[3] and that it was preferable to "excise one large episode than to dramatically reduce several others." On the decision to excise some minor characters who appeared for only a few lines of the book, Sibley stated he felt it preferable to remove the character altogether than the alternative, "which would have been to fabricate dialogue for them."[2] The adaptation radically restructured the chronology of the chapters in Books 3-6, flattening out Tolkien's interlacing by splicing the journey of Frodo and Sam with events in the West. This aligned them with the timeline of events provided by Tolkien in the Appendices, and kept more of the actors employed for more of the episodes.[2]

The script attempts to be as faithful as possible to the original novel[6] with many sections of dialogue lifted directly from the source material, such as the conversations between Frodo, Sam and Faramir in The Window on the West.[7] The script also includes an arc where Wormtongue is waylaid by the Ringwraiths, as narrated in Unfinished Tales,[8] a newly published volume at that time. In the final episode, Bilbo's Last Song, a Tolkien poem which does not appear in the novel, is used to flesh out the sequence at the Grey Havens.[9][10] The author's son and editor Christopher Tolkien reviewed and approved the final scripts for each episode. He recorded an audio cassette of correct pronunciations for Middle-earth words and names to assist the cast during recordings.[2]

Recording edit

Recording took place at BBC Broadcasting House over two months in 1980.[2] One-and-a-half days was allotted for each of the 26 episodes to be rehearsed and recorded.[11] Sibley recalls the recording sessions having "quite a lot of laughter, quite a few tears, and a number of frazzled tempers".[2] Gandalf-actor Michael Hordern recalled the sessions as "a bit of a slog".[12]

Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop produced the sound effects.[13] The composer Stephen Oliver, who had previously scored the RSC's successful production of Nicholas Nickleby, scored the music, with over 100 cues through the original 26-episode serial.[14] The series was directed by Jane Morgan and Penny Leicester. Morgan stated she was anxious to avoid sound effects that were "too literal", and wished to incorporate music in complex battle scenes.[11]

Episodes edit

Episode Title First broadcast Covering (Book.Chapter)
The Lord of the Rings
1 The Long Awaited Party 8 March 1981 1.1 The hobbit protagonists are introduced.
2 The Shadow of the Past 15 March 1981 1.2 The wizard Gandalf tells Frodo the history of the Ring, and why it must be destroyed.
3 The Black Riders 22 March 1981 1.3 * The hobbits are pursued by deadly Black Riders.
4 Trouble at The Prancing Pony 29 March 1981 1.9–1.10 The hobbits try to rest in an inn, but Frodo 'accidentally' puts on the Ring, making him invisible.
5 The Knife in the Dark 5 April 1981 1.11–1.12 Frodo is stabbed with a magic knife by a Black Rider. He starts to fade.
6 The Council of Elrond 12 April 1981 2.1–2.2 The half-elven Elrond calls a Council to decide the fate of the Ring.
7 The Fellowship of the Ring 19 April 1981 2.3 Gandalf, the hobbits, two men – Aragorn and Boromir, an elf, Legolas, and a dwarf, Gimli, set out to destroy the Ring.
8 The Mines of Moria 26 April 1981 2.4–2.5 They try to cross the Misty Mountains through the tunnels of Moria. Gandalf dies fighting a monstrous Balrog.
9 The Mirror of Galadriel 3 May 1981 2.6–2.7 The rest of the Fellowship are helped, tested, and counselled by the elf-lady Galadriel.
10 The Breaking of the Fellowship 10 May 1981 2.8–2.10, 3.1 The Fellowship breaks up as Boromir tries to take the Ring and is killed.
11 The Riders of Rohan 17 May 1981 3.2–3.3 Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli meet a resurrected Gandalf and the Riders of Rohan.
12 Treebeard of Fangorn 24 May 1981 3.4 Two of the hobbits, Merry and Pippin, encounter a tree-giant, Treebeard.
13 The King of the Golden Hall 31 May 1981 3.5–3.6 Gandalf frees Théoden, King of Rohan, free from a spell.
14 Helm's Deep 7 June 1981 3.7 Théoden fights off the wizard Saruman's army at the fortress of Helm's Deep.
15 The Voice of Saruman 14 June 1981 3.8–3.11 Gandalf and Théoden go to Saruman's tower, Orthanc, and speak with him. Gandalf breaks Saruman's staff.
16 The Black Gate Is Closed 21 June 1981 4.1–4.3 The other two hobbits, Frodo and Sam, guided by the monstrous Gollum, travel to Mordor to destroy the Ring, but the Black Gate is shut.
17 The Window on the West 28 June 1981 4.4–4.6 Frodo and Sam travel south to find another way into Mordor, but are captured by Boromir's brother, Faramir.
18 Minas Tirith 5 July 1981 5.1 Gandalf and Pippin find the city of Minas Tirith preparing for war.
19 Shelob's Lair 12 July 1981 4.7–4.10 Frodo and Sam try to cross the pass of Cirith Ungol into Mordor, but are attacked by the giant spider Shelob. Frodo is stung and trussed up like a fly.
20 The Siege of Gondor 19 July 1981 5.4 Minas Tirith is besieged by the forces of Mordor.
21 The Battle of Pelennor Fields 26 July 1981 5.6 Minas Tirith is attacked by an immense army. The Riders of Rohan arrive to break the siege; Aragorn and an army of Gondor arrive by ship.
22 The Houses of Healing 2 August 1981 5.8 The wounded are healed in Minas Tirith.
23 Mount Doom 9 August 1981 6.1–6.3 Frodo and Sam travel to Mount Doom to destroy the Ring. Gollum takes the ring from Frodo, and falls into the mountain's fire.
24 The Return of the King 16 August 1981 6.4–6.5 Aragorn becomes King of Gondor, and marries Elrond's daughter, Arwen.
25 Homeward Bound 23 August 1981 6.6–6.8 The hobbits travel home.
26 The Grey Havens 30 August 1981 6.9 Frodo, scarred by his journey, sails from Middle-earth to elvenhome.

*1.4–1.8 on Crickhollow, Fatty Bolger, the Old Forest, Barrow-wights and Tom Bombadil omitted[15]

Broadcasts and release edit

The serial was first broadcast from 8 March to 30 August 1981 on BBC Radio 4 on Sundays from 12 noon to 12:30pm; each episode was repeated on the following Wednesday from 10:30pm to 11:00pm.[16] A soundtrack album featuring a re-recorded and in some cases expanded suite of Stephen Oliver's music was released in 1981.[17]

The 26-part series was edited into 13 hour-long episodes broadcast from 17 July to 9 October 1982, restoring some dialogue originally cut for timing.[16] Following the success of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy in the early 2000s, the BBC reissued its radio series in three sets (audiobooks) corresponding to the three original volumes (The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King). This version omitted the original episode divisions, and included new opening and closing monologues for the first two sets, and an opening monologue only for the last, written by Sibley and performed by Ian Holm as Frodo Baggins. The soundtrack with Stephen Oliver's music, digitally remastered, was included with The Return of the King set, with a demo of John Le Mesurier singing Bilbo's Last Song as a bonus track.[18]

Analysis edit

 
The scriptwriter Brian Sibley found the performances of three of the leading actors particularly excellent, namely Ian Holm as Frodo, Michael Hordern as Gandalf, and John Le Mesurier as Bilbo (all three actors pictured during the production).[1]

Sibley thought the casting of Ian Holm as Frodo "simply inspired", his performance "of unswerving determination, tempered always with humour and vulnerability."[1] He felt that Hordern managed to "become" Gandalf, "by intuition or some other theatrical magic ... by turn wise, stern and compassionate, a force for good, a constant light in an ever-darkening storm."[1] As for John Le Mesurier's Bilbo, the comic actor who had played Sergeant Wilson in Dad's Army gave the part "a weary melancholy".[1]

The scholar of humanities Brian Rosebury sets out criteria for adapting a complex work like The Lord of the Rings. The adaptation, he writes, must not simply use characters and names to relabel some existing formula, or rewrite the story into a generic style; it must retain as much as possible of the original when translating the narrative into a drama; it must keep the presentation fresh, avoid repetition, and retain plausibility; and it must especially retain the coherent feeling of a Middle-earth under threat, along with the book's momentum, coherence, moral conviction, and subtlety. Rosebury states that a radio production is "fundamentally hampered" by not being able to "suggest the physical and cultural presence of Middle-earth",[6] other than through the limited medium of sound effects. In his view, the few passages of narration in the production "give tantalising glimpses of [Tolkien's] breadth of vision which fades painfully as the studio-bound dialogues resume."[6] He finds the dialogue well delivered by the actors, admiring especially Peter Woodthorpe's "fine Gollum", and the abridgement skilful though subtly flattening Tolkien's text "in the direction of an adventure story."[6] The version's strength, Rosebury writes, is in its rather faithful and almost complete rendering of the book's events, though as in Ralph Bakshi's animated version and Peter Jackson's live-action version, without Tom Bombadil.[6]

The Tolkien scholar Christina Scull thought it a "masterly adaptation", that stayed faithful to Tolkien's story, presented most of the characters "as he depicted them", and especially "caught the spirit of the books".[16] She found the handling of the Battle of the Pelennor Fields with alliterative verse "a brilliant idea", and praised Gerard Murphy's narration.[16] Comparing the production with Jackson's interpretation, she felt that her "happiness with the BBC production made [her] even less happy with Jackson than I might have been without it", disliking the films' additional material, violence, and "the weakening of almost all the characters".[16] In her view, the BBC dramatisation presented "the characters I [met] in the book", whereas the film version did not.[16]

Peter Woodthorpe (Gollum/Sméagol) and Michael Graham Cox (Boromir) had previously voiced the same roles in Bakshi's film in 1978.[19] Ian Holm, who voiced Frodo Baggins in the radio serial, went on to play Bilbo Baggins in Jackson's film trilogy in the early 2000s.[20]

Cast and credits edit

The Lord of the Rings was dramatised for radio by Sibley and Michael Bakewell.[21] The music was composed by Stephen Oliver.[22] Radiophonic sound was provided by Elizabeth Parker. The series was produced and directed by Jane Morgan and Penny Leicester.

The cast for the production was:[21]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Sibley, Brian. "THE RING GOES EVER ON: The Making of BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings". Brian Sibley. from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sibley, Brian (1997). The Lord of the Rings Audio CD Boxset - Booklet. BBC. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0563388128.
  3. ^ a b "BRIAN SIBLEY : The Works". Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Tolkiens Aghast at Warner Bros.' Exploitation". www.courthousenews.com. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Michael Bakewell Radio Plays". suttonelms.org.uk. from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Rosebury, Brian (2003) [1992]. Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 204–207. ISBN 978-1403-91263-3.
  7. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954). The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. Allen & Unwin., book 2, ch. 5 "The Window on the West"
  8. ^ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980). Christopher Tolkien (ed.). Unfinished Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-29917-3., part 3, ch. 4, "The Hunt for the Ring: Of the Journey of the Black Riders"
  9. ^ Scull, Christina and Hammond, Wayne G.: The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide, 2nd edition; HarperCollins, 2017; Vol. 2, pp. 17–18
  10. ^ Smith, Ian D. (ed.): Microphones in Middle Earth; 1982
  11. ^ a b Morgan, Jane (1997). The Lord of the Rings Audio CD Boxset - Booklet. BBC. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0563388128.
  12. ^ Hordern, Michael (1993). A World Elsewhere. Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1-85479-188-7.
  13. ^ "About". Elizabeth Parker. from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023. She created special sound for The Day of the Triffids, and Lord of the Rings,
  14. ^ Oliver, Stephen (1981). Music From The BBC Radio Dramatisation Of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord Of The Rings (LP). BBC Records. 2960 063.
  15. ^ "The Fellowship of the Ring". Tolkien Gateway. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Scull, Christina (28 February 2015). "I Didn't Know What I Was Getting Into". Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (Tolkien scholars). Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  17. ^ Oliver, Stephen (composer); Clarke, Oz; James, David; Vine, Jeremy (vocals) (1981). Music From The BBC Radio Dramatisation Of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord Of The Rings (Vinyl (LP)). London: BBC Records. REH 415.
  18. ^ The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. BBC Worldwide. Audible release 5 September 2007.
  19. ^ Beck, Jerry (2005). The Animated Movie Guide. Chicago Review Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-56976-222-6.
  20. ^ "The Tolkien Library review of the Lord of the Rings Radio Adaptation". The Tolkien Library. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  21. ^ a b Pearse, Edward (15 January 2009). . Radio Riel. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020.
  22. ^ Oliver, Stephen. Music from the BBC Radio Dramatisation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings; BBC Records; LP REH 415
  23. ^ "Obituary: Ian Holm". BBC. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020. he took the part of Frodo Baggins in BBC Radio 4's massive adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, which featured Holm alongside a host of other stars including Michael Hordern and Robert Stephens.

External links edit

lord, rings, 1981, radio, series, other, uses, lord, rings, disambiguation, 1981, radio, produced, dramatisation, tolkien, lord, rings, half, hour, stereo, instalments, novel, previously, been, adapted, part, radio, adaptation, 1955, 1956, which, recordings, k. For other uses see The Lord of the Rings disambiguation In 1981 BBC Radio 4 produced a dramatisation of J R R Tolkien s The Lord of the Rings in 26 half hour stereo instalments The novel had previously been adapted as a 12 part BBC Radio adaptation in 1955 and 1956 of which no recordings are known to have survived and a 1979 production by The Mind s Eye for National Public Radio in the US The Lord of the RingsBBC Radio Collection coverGenreRadio dramaRunning time30 minutes per episodeCountry of originUnited KingdomLanguage s EnglishHome stationBBC Radio 4StarringIan HolmMichael HordernRobert StephensBill NighyJames GroutSimon CadellJohn Le MesurierJack MayPeter VaughanCreated byJ R R TolkienWritten byBrian Sibley 1 Michael BakewellDirected byJane Morgan Penny LeicesterNarrated byGerard MurphyOriginal release8 March 30 August 1981No of episodes26 Like the novel on which it is based the radio series tells the story of an epic struggle between the Dark Lord Sauron of Mordor the primary villain of the work and an alliance of heroes who join forces to save the world from falling under his shadow Contents 1 Development 1 1 Early stages and commissioning 1 2 Writing 2 Recording 3 Episodes 4 Broadcasts and release 5 Analysis 6 Cast and credits 7 References 8 External linksDevelopment editEarly stages and commissioning edit The BBC entered negotiations with The Saul Zaentz Company to obtain the radio rights to adapt The Lord of the Rings in 1979 following the release of the Ralph Bakshi animated film 2 3 J R R Tolkien had sold the film stage and merchandising rights to United Artists in 1969 who had subsequently sold them to The Saul Zaentz Company in 1976 4 The negotiations were protracted but ironically entirely unnecessary as the radio rights had never passed to the film company and were still controlled by the Tolkien estate 2 Brian Sibley was a young scriptwriter who had written a number of radio features for the BBC but lacked experience adapting works of literature having previously only adapted a short fantasy by James Thurber 2 In 1979 Sibley submitted an idea for an original radio drama to Head of Drama Script Unit Richard Imison but was rejected In his rejection letter Imison asked Sibley to suggest a list of novels he would like to see adapted Sibley submitted about a baker s dozen suggestions and added The Lord of the Rings in a postscript declaring it the one book I would really like to adapt for radio 2 Some weeks later in a chance meeting on a corridor in Broadcasting House Imison asked Sibley how he had learned that the BBC were in negotiations to obtain the rights Sibley stated that he had not been aware and had suggested the book because he was simply in love with it having read it for the first time during an extended hospital stay a few years earlier 2 The BBC commissioned the adaptation and offered it to Sibley as the lead writer The commissioners had determined that it should comprise 26 half hour episodes 6 months worth of weekly broadcasts and that scriptwriting should be divided between two writers 2 Michael Bakewell was brought in as the second writer a former producer and writer whose previous credits included a radio adaptation of Tolstoy s War and Peace 5 Writing edit Sibley and Bakewell began the process of adapting the books by arranging the core storyline into 26 episode synopses each with its own conventional narrative structure and ending on a natural cliffhanger From these synopses the full episode scripts would be developed The source material presented a variety of challenges to the adaptation process Sibley recalls pacing difficulties due to the book s fluctuations between sections rich in description others containing lengthy historical resumes some having an abundance of dialogue while others are almost entirely narrative 2 These challenges led to decisions to omit sections and characters that were deemed not to meaningfully advance the core plot As such the serial omits several sequences most notably those in Book 1 in which the hobbits come to Crickhollow enter the Old Forest and encounter the Barrow wights Old Man Willow and ultimately Tom Bombadil 6 On the latter Sibley has stated he considers Bombadil to be a character Tolkien created independently of The Lord of the Rings 3 and that it was preferable to excise one large episode than to dramatically reduce several others On the decision to excise some minor characters who appeared for only a few lines of the book Sibley stated he felt it preferable to remove the character altogether than the alternative which would have been to fabricate dialogue for them 2 The adaptation radically restructured the chronology of the chapters in Books 3 6 flattening out Tolkien s interlacing by splicing the journey of Frodo and Sam with events in the West This aligned them with the timeline of events provided by Tolkien in the Appendices and kept more of the actors employed for more of the episodes 2 The script attempts to be as faithful as possible to the original novel 6 with many sections of dialogue lifted directly from the source material such as the conversations between Frodo Sam and Faramir in The Window on the West 7 The script also includes an arc where Wormtongue is waylaid by the Ringwraiths as narrated in Unfinished Tales 8 a newly published volume at that time In the final episode Bilbo s Last Song a Tolkien poem which does not appear in the novel is used to flesh out the sequence at the Grey Havens 9 10 The author s son and editor Christopher Tolkien reviewed and approved the final scripts for each episode He recorded an audio cassette of correct pronunciations for Middle earth words and names to assist the cast during recordings 2 Recording editRecording took place at BBC Broadcasting House over two months in 1980 2 One and a half days was allotted for each of the 26 episodes to be rehearsed and recorded 11 Sibley recalls the recording sessions having quite a lot of laughter quite a few tears and a number of frazzled tempers 2 Gandalf actor Michael Hordern recalled the sessions as a bit of a slog 12 Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop produced the sound effects 13 The composer Stephen Oliver who had previously scored the RSC s successful production of Nicholas Nickleby scored the music with over 100 cues through the original 26 episode serial 14 The series was directed by Jane Morgan and Penny Leicester Morgan stated she was anxious to avoid sound effects that were too literal and wished to incorporate music in complex battle scenes 11 Episodes editEpisode Title First broadcast Covering Book Chapter The Lord of the Rings 1 The Long Awaited Party 8 March 1981 1 1 The hobbit protagonists are introduced 2 The Shadow of the Past 15 March 1981 1 2 The wizard Gandalf tells Frodo the history of the Ring and why it must be destroyed 3 The Black Riders 22 March 1981 1 3 The hobbits are pursued by deadly Black Riders 4 Trouble at The Prancing Pony 29 March 1981 1 9 1 10 The hobbits try to rest in an inn but Frodo accidentally puts on the Ring making him invisible 5 The Knife in the Dark 5 April 1981 1 11 1 12 Frodo is stabbed with a magic knife by a Black Rider He starts to fade 6 The Council of Elrond 12 April 1981 2 1 2 2 The half elven Elrond calls a Council to decide the fate of the Ring 7 The Fellowship of the Ring 19 April 1981 2 3 Gandalf the hobbits two men Aragorn and Boromir an elf Legolas and a dwarf Gimli set out to destroy the Ring 8 The Mines of Moria 26 April 1981 2 4 2 5 They try to cross the Misty Mountains through the tunnels of Moria Gandalf dies fighting a monstrous Balrog 9 The Mirror of Galadriel 3 May 1981 2 6 2 7 The rest of the Fellowship are helped tested and counselled by the elf lady Galadriel 10 The Breaking of the Fellowship 10 May 1981 2 8 2 10 3 1 The Fellowship breaks up as Boromir tries to take the Ring and is killed 11 The Riders of Rohan 17 May 1981 3 2 3 3 Aragorn Legolas and Gimli meet a resurrected Gandalf and the Riders of Rohan 12 Treebeard of Fangorn 24 May 1981 3 4 Two of the hobbits Merry and Pippin encounter a tree giant Treebeard 13 The King of the Golden Hall 31 May 1981 3 5 3 6 Gandalf frees Theoden King of Rohan free from a spell 14 Helm s Deep 7 June 1981 3 7 Theoden fights off the wizard Saruman s army at the fortress of Helm s Deep 15 The Voice of Saruman 14 June 1981 3 8 3 11 Gandalf and Theoden go to Saruman s tower Orthanc and speak with him Gandalf breaks Saruman s staff 16 The Black Gate Is Closed 21 June 1981 4 1 4 3 The other two hobbits Frodo and Sam guided by the monstrous Gollum travel to Mordor to destroy the Ring but the Black Gate is shut 17 The Window on the West 28 June 1981 4 4 4 6 Frodo and Sam travel south to find another way into Mordor but are captured by Boromir s brother Faramir 18 Minas Tirith 5 July 1981 5 1 Gandalf and Pippin find the city of Minas Tirith preparing for war 19 Shelob s Lair 12 July 1981 4 7 4 10 Frodo and Sam try to cross the pass of Cirith Ungol into Mordor but are attacked by the giant spider Shelob Frodo is stung and trussed up like a fly 20 The Siege of Gondor 19 July 1981 5 4 Minas Tirith is besieged by the forces of Mordor 21 The Battle of Pelennor Fields 26 July 1981 5 6 Minas Tirith is attacked by an immense army The Riders of Rohan arrive to break the siege Aragorn and an army of Gondor arrive by ship 22 The Houses of Healing 2 August 1981 5 8 The wounded are healed in Minas Tirith 23 Mount Doom 9 August 1981 6 1 6 3 Frodo and Sam travel to Mount Doom to destroy the Ring Gollum takes the ring from Frodo and falls into the mountain s fire 24 The Return of the King 16 August 1981 6 4 6 5 Aragorn becomes King of Gondor and marries Elrond s daughter Arwen 25 Homeward Bound 23 August 1981 6 6 6 8 The hobbits travel home 26 The Grey Havens 30 August 1981 6 9 Frodo scarred by his journey sails from Middle earth to elvenhome 1 4 1 8 on Crickhollow Fatty Bolger the Old Forest Barrow wights and Tom Bombadil omitted 15 dd dd Broadcasts and release editThe serial was first broadcast from 8 March to 30 August 1981 on BBC Radio 4 on Sundays from 12 noon to 12 30pm each episode was repeated on the following Wednesday from 10 30pm to 11 00pm 16 A soundtrack album featuring a re recorded and in some cases expanded suite of Stephen Oliver s music was released in 1981 17 The 26 part series was edited into 13 hour long episodes broadcast from 17 July to 9 October 1982 restoring some dialogue originally cut for timing 16 Following the success of Peter Jackson s The Lord of the Rings film trilogy in the early 2000s the BBC reissued its radio series in three sets audiobooks corresponding to the three original volumes The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers and The Return of the King This version omitted the original episode divisions and included new opening and closing monologues for the first two sets and an opening monologue only for the last written by Sibley and performed by Ian Holm as Frodo Baggins The soundtrack with Stephen Oliver s music digitally remastered was included with The Return of the King set with a demo of John Le Mesurier singing Bilbo s Last Song as a bonus track 18 Analysis edit nbsp The scriptwriter Brian Sibley found the performances of three of the leading actors particularly excellent namely Ian Holm as Frodo Michael Hordern as Gandalf and John Le Mesurier as Bilbo all three actors pictured during the production 1 Sibley thought the casting of Ian Holm as Frodo simply inspired his performance of unswerving determination tempered always with humour and vulnerability 1 He felt that Hordern managed to become Gandalf by intuition or some other theatrical magic by turn wise stern and compassionate a force for good a constant light in an ever darkening storm 1 As for John Le Mesurier s Bilbo the comic actor who had played Sergeant Wilson in Dad s Army gave the part a weary melancholy 1 The scholar of humanities Brian Rosebury sets out criteria for adapting a complex work like The Lord of the Rings The adaptation he writes must not simply use characters and names to relabel some existing formula or rewrite the story into a generic style it must retain as much as possible of the original when translating the narrative into a drama it must keep the presentation fresh avoid repetition and retain plausibility and it must especially retain the coherent feeling of a Middle earth under threat along with the book s momentum coherence moral conviction and subtlety Rosebury states that a radio production is fundamentally hampered by not being able to suggest the physical and cultural presence of Middle earth 6 other than through the limited medium of sound effects In his view the few passages of narration in the production give tantalising glimpses of Tolkien s breadth of vision which fades painfully as the studio bound dialogues resume 6 He finds the dialogue well delivered by the actors admiring especially Peter Woodthorpe s fine Gollum and the abridgement skilful though subtly flattening Tolkien s text in the direction of an adventure story 6 The version s strength Rosebury writes is in its rather faithful and almost complete rendering of the book s events though as in Ralph Bakshi s animated version and Peter Jackson s live action version without Tom Bombadil 6 The Tolkien scholar Christina Scull thought it a masterly adaptation that stayed faithful to Tolkien s story presented most of the characters as he depicted them and especially caught the spirit of the books 16 She found the handling of the Battle of the Pelennor Fields with alliterative verse a brilliant idea and praised Gerard Murphy s narration 16 Comparing the production with Jackson s interpretation she felt that her happiness with the BBC production made her even less happy with Jackson than I might have been without it disliking the films additional material violence and the weakening of almost all the characters 16 In her view the BBC dramatisation presented the characters I met in the book whereas the film version did not 16 Peter Woodthorpe Gollum Smeagol and Michael Graham Cox Boromir had previously voiced the same roles in Bakshi s film in 1978 19 Ian Holm who voiced Frodo Baggins in the radio serial went on to play Bilbo Baggins in Jackson s film trilogy in the early 2000s 20 Cast and credits editThe Lord of the Rings was dramatised for radio by Sibley and Michael Bakewell 21 The music was composed by Stephen Oliver 22 Radiophonic sound was provided by Elizabeth Parker The series was produced and directed by Jane Morgan and Penny Leicester The cast for the production was 21 Narrator UK version Gerard Murphy Narrator American version Tammy Grimes Frodo Baggins Ian Holm 23 Gandalf the Grey Gandalf the White Michael Hordern Aragorn Strider Robert Stephens Sam Gamgee Bill Nighy credited as William Nighy Meriadoc Brandybuck Merry Richard O Callaghan Peregrin Took Pippin John McAndrew Legolas David Collings Gimli Douglas Livingstone Boromir Michael Graham Cox Galadriel Marian Diamond Celeborn Simon Cadell Arwen Evenstar Sonia Fraser Saruman the White Peter Howell Elrond Hugh Dickson Bilbo Baggins John Le Mesurier Gollum Smeagol Peter Woodthorpe Theoden Jack May Grima Wormtongue Paul Brooke Eowyn Elin Jenkins Eomer Anthony Hyde Faramir Andrew Seear Treebeard Stephen Thorne Denethor Peter Vaughan Lord of the Nazgul Philip Voss The Mouth of Sauron John Rye Glorfindel An Elf lord of the house of Elrond half elven John Webb Haldir Nazgul Nob Minstrel Haydn Wood Gamling Patrick Barr Ceorl Michael McStay Hama A Nazgul Michael Spice Eothain Otho Sackville Baggins Ruffian John Livesy Halbarad Martyn Read Beregond The Black Rider Guard Christopher Scott Ioreth Pauline Letts Gwaihir Alexander John Radagast the Brown Donald Gee Gaffer Gamgee John Church Ted Sandyman Snaga Gordon Reid Rosie Cotton Kathryn Hurlbutt Daddy Twofoot Leonard Fenton Farmer Maggot Ruffian John Bott Lobelia Sackville Baggins Diana Bishop Farmer Cotton Alan Dudley Proudfoot Orc Sean Arnold Elanor Gamgee Harry Holm Barliman Butterbur James Grout Ugluk Brian Haines Shagrat Christopher Fairbank Gorbag David Sinclair Deagol Bill Ferny Orc Captain Graham Faulkner Shelob Jenny Lee BBC Radiophonic Workshop Singer Dream Voice Bilbo s Last Song Matthew Vine Singer The Bard Oz Clarke Singer The Eagle Voice of Lothlorien David JamesReferences edit a b c d e Sibley Brian THE RING GOES EVER ON The Making of BBC Radio s The Lord of the Rings Brian Sibley Archived from the original on 16 August 2019 Retrieved 24 February 2020 a b c d e f g h i j k l Sibley Brian 1997 The Lord of the Rings Audio CD Boxset Booklet BBC pp 7 13 ISBN 978 0563388128 a b BRIAN SIBLEY The Works Retrieved 26 January 2023 Tolkiens Aghast at Warner Bros Exploitation www courthousenews com Retrieved 26 January 2023 Michael Bakewell Radio Plays suttonelms org uk Archived from the original on 16 December 2011 Retrieved 14 February 2023 a b c d e f Rosebury Brian 2003 1992 Tolkien A Cultural Phenomenon Palgrave Macmillan pp 204 207 ISBN 978 1403 91263 3 Tolkien J R R 1954 The Lord of the Rings The Two Towers Allen amp Unwin book 2 ch 5 The Window on the West Tolkien J R R 1980 Christopher Tolkien ed Unfinished Tales Boston Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978 0 395 29917 3 part 3 ch 4 The Hunt for the Ring Of the Journey of the Black Riders Scull Christina and Hammond Wayne G The J R R Tolkien Companion and Guide 2nd edition HarperCollins 2017 Vol 2 pp 17 18 Smith Ian D ed Microphones in Middle Earth 1982 a b Morgan Jane 1997 The Lord of the Rings Audio CD Boxset Booklet BBC pp 14 15 ISBN 978 0563388128 Hordern Michael 1993 A World Elsewhere Michael O Mara Books ISBN 978 1 85479 188 7 About Elizabeth Parker Archived from the original on 14 February 2023 Retrieved 14 February 2023 She created special sound for The Day of the Triffids and Lord of the Rings Oliver Stephen 1981 Music From The BBC Radio Dramatisation Of J R R Tolkien s The Lord Of The Rings LP BBC Records 2960 063 The Fellowship of the Ring Tolkien Gateway 12 January 2023 Retrieved 26 January 2023 a b c d e f Scull Christina 28 February 2015 I Didn t Know What I Was Getting Into Wayne G Hammond and Christina Scull Tolkien scholars Retrieved 30 September 2022 Oliver Stephen composer Clarke Oz James David Vine Jeremy vocals 1981 Music From The BBC Radio Dramatisation Of J R R Tolkien s The Lord Of The Rings Vinyl LP London BBC Records REH 415 The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers and The Return of the King BBC Worldwide Audible release 5 September 2007 Beck Jerry 2005 The Animated Movie Guide Chicago Review Press p 154 ISBN 978 1 56976 222 6 The Tolkien Library review of the Lord of the Rings Radio Adaptation The Tolkien Library Retrieved 12 April 2020 a b Pearse Edward 15 January 2009 The Lord of the Rings Episode 2 Radio Riel Archived from the original on 15 January 2020 Oliver Stephen Music from the BBC Radio Dramatisation of J R R Tolkien s The Lord of the Rings BBC Records LP REH 415 Obituary Ian Holm BBC 19 June 2020 Retrieved 19 June 2020 he took the part of Frodo Baggins in BBC Radio 4 s massive adaptation of The Lord of the Rings which featured Holm alongside a host of other stars including Michael Hordern and Robert Stephens External links editDescription and episode list Archive org recordings Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Lord of the Rings 1981 radio series amp oldid 1206515208, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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