The Body Shop
The Body Shop International Limited, trading as The Body Shop, is a British cosmetics, skin care and perfume company.
The Body Shop, Oxford Street | |
| Type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Cosmetics |
| Founded | 27 March 1976 |
| Founder | Anita Roddick |
| Headquarters | |
Number of locations | ~3,000[1] |
Key people | |
| Products |
|
| Revenue | R$ 5.3 billion (2020)[2] |
Number of employees | 10,000[1] (2017) |
| Parent | L'Oréal (2006–2017) Natura & Co (2017–present) |
| Website | Official website |
Founded in 1976 by Anita Roddick, the company currently has a range of 1,000 products sold in about 3,000 stores, divided between those owned by the company and franchised outlets in more than 65 countries.[3]
Originally trading from Brighton, the company is now based in London Bridge and Littlehampton, West Sussex,[4] and is owned by Brazilian cosmetics company Natura as a subsidiary of the Natura & Co group. The company had been owned by the French cosmetics company L'Oréal between 2006 and 2017. In September 2017, L'Oréal sold the company to Brazilian Natura & Co for £880 million.[5][6]
History Edit
The original Body Shop, unaffiliated with Anita Roddick or The Body Shop International Limited, was opened in Berkeley, California in 1970 by Peggy Short and Jane Saunders.[7] The shop featured dark green walls, locally made skin care products, and custom scenting with essential oils. The products were sold in simple containers with handwritten labels, and a discount was given to customers who brought in empty containers for refills.
Anita Roddick opened her own health and beauty shop, also named The Body Shop, in her hometown of Brighton in 1976. She started a business with the motivation to simply "make a living for herself and her two daughters while her husband was away travelling."[8]
The business's original vision was to sell products with ethically sourced, cruelty-free and natural ingredients. None of Roddick's products were tested on animals, and the ingredients were sourced directly from producers.[9]
The shop began trading with just 25 products. Roddick had purchased urine sample bottles from a nearby hospital to sell her products in, but did not have enough of them, creating the business's refillable bottles policy. Labels were hand-written and Roddick did not advertise explicitly, preferring to rely on local press instead.[10]
In 1977, Roddick purchased another shop through selling 50% of the business to a local garage owner. Roddick's partner, Gordon, returned to Brighton from America in this time, and suggested the business foster growth through franchising. By 1984, the business had 138 stores, 87 of which were not located in the United Kingdom. By 1994, 89% of the business's locations would be franchises.[10]
The business went public in April 1984, and was floated on London's Unlisted Securities Market, opening at a price of 95p, with the Roddicks keeping 27.6% shares in the company, and Anita continued as managing director so as to retain control of the company's direction. After it obtained a full listing on the London Stock Exchange, share prices in the company increased dramatically, with prices rising 10,944 percent in the first eight years.[10]
In 1987, Roddick offered $3.5 million to the owners of the original Body Shop, Peggy Short and Jane Saunders, for the exclusive rights to the business's name. They agreed to the sale, and in 1992 changed their business's name to "Body Time".[11] The business closed in 2018.[12]
In 1991, The Body Shop sued Bath & Body Works, resulting in Bath & Body Works rebranding itself.[13]
After acquiring the US rights to the name, the UK business began trading in the United States in 1988, with all new stores in the States being company-owned until 1990.[citation needed]
Throughout the 1980s and 90s, the company joined a number of campaigns related to social responsibility and environmental issues. These included a "Trade Not Aid" campaign in 1987, wherein the company sourced some of its ingredients directly from the native communities they originated from. The company also made alliances with Greenpeace and Amnesty International.[10]
1994 Business Ethics expose Edit
The September 1994 Business Ethics magazine published an investigative article entitled "Shattered Image: Is The Body Shop Too Good to Be True?," written by Jon Entine on the company's practices. The article was mentioned on The New York Times' business section front page and on ABC World News Tonight. This led to a temporary 50% drop in the market value of the stock of the company, which until that point had been considered a model "socially responsible" company.[citation needed]
Entine reported that Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop International in the UK, had stolen the name, store design, marketing concept and most product line ideas from The Body Shop[14][15][11] founded in 1970 in Berkeley, California by Peggy Short and Jane Saunders who started the French-style perfume store, where customers could do their own blending. Roddick subsequently fabricated her story of travelling the world discovering exotic beauty ingredients. In 1989, Roddick purchased the US and Israeli rights to The Body Shop name, and the Berkeley-based chain of five stores renamed itself Body Time.
Roddick's unsubstantiated claims and inaccurate reports in popular articles and even some university case studies that Roddick's The Body Shop "gave most of its profits to charity", documents from Britain's Charity Commission showed that Roddick's company gave nothing to charity over its first 11 years and was penurious in its philanthropy thereafter. The Body Shop also faced millions of dollars in claims by disenchanted franchisees.
Entine referred to The Body Shop's marketing as "greenwashing." The article in Business Ethics, which was cited with a National Press Club Award for Consumer Journalism in 1994, is still widely used in university business ethics classes[citation needed] and is generally credited with prompting companies claiming to be socially responsible to match their claims with operational practices and to increase transparency.[citation needed]
The "Shattered Image" article had originally been scheduled to be published as a 10,000-word feature in Vanity Fair earlier in 1994 but was dropped after legal threats by The Body Shop. The original article was eventually published in 2004 by The Nation Books in Killed: Great Journalism Too Hot to Print,[16] edited by David Wallis. Business Ethics, which had featured Roddick on its cover the year before, subsequently agreed to print a much shorter version of the exposé.
L'Oréal Edit
In March 2006, The Body Shop agreed to a £652.3 million takeover by L'Oréal. The Roddicks made £130 million from the sale.[17]
The sale caused some media controversy, particularly surrounding L'Oréal's use of animal testing. Although L'Oréal ceased animal testing itself in 1989,[18] the company had begun selling its products in China in 1997,[19] where the law required cosmetics to be tested on animals before sale to the public. Roddick stated that she believed the sale could allow her to be a "Trojan Horse" within the larger company, working through the Body Shop to improve its standards on animal testing and environmental issues.[20]
In September 2007, Roddick died following a major brain hemorrhage.[21]
In 2017, L’Oréal sold The Body Shop to Brazilian cosmetics company Natura in a deal of €1 billion.[22]
In 2019 The Body Shop received its B-Corp certification.[23]
The Body Shop At Home: direct sales, multilevel marketing channel Edit
In addition to retail channels, products from The Body Shop are available through "The Body Shop At Home" multilevel marketing network. The network was established in 1994.[24] Distributors (or consultants) can also recruit others to sell the products.[25] The Body Shop At Home currently operates in the UK, Australia, and the USA.[26]
The multilevel marketing program was known as "The Body Shop Direct" in Britain, and was first trialled in Australia in Gippsland in 1997.[27] In 1998, the Australian division was featured in the Australian Financial Review for their motivational-based policy of funding unrelated courses for home distributors, such as tarot reading or French polishing.[28] In 2003, Anita Roddick parted with her publisher HarperCollins, but despite this, planned to release two titles. That same year, Roddick predicted that the company's home sales would fuel growth, and eventually exceed the sales of retail outlets.[29]
In 2014, an unfair dismissal case ruled against The Body Shop (Adidem Pty Ltd T/A The Body Shop v Suckling [2014] FWCFB 3611). Nicole Suckling worked in an administrative support role for The Body Shop At Home and began a role as an independent direct candle seller for company PartyLite. The Body Shop alleged that Suckling's access to their confidential contractual information could threaten The Body Shop's commercial interests.[30]
Social activism Edit
The Body Shop has long-held aims of social activism as part of its business practices, first evidenced in 1986 when proposing an alliance with Greenpeace to save the whales. Roddick later began launching other promotions through the business tied to social causes, such as featuring posters in its stores and sponsoring local charity and community events.
Over time, Roddick herself took on gradually more critical views of both wider business and the cosmetics industry in particular, criticising what she considered the environmental insensitivity of the industry and its traditional views of beauty, and aimed to change standard corporate practices through her business.[31] Roddick stated that "For me, campaigning and good business is also about putting forward solutions, not just opposing destructive practices or human rights abuses".[32]
In 1997, Roddick launched a global campaign to raise self-esteem in women and against the media stereotyping of women. It focused on unreasonably thin models in the context of rising numbers in bulimia and anorexia.[33]
Community Trade (formerly Trade not Aid) Edit
Launched in 1987, The Body Shop's Community Trade programme based on the practice of trading with communities in need and giving them a fair price for natural ingredients or handcrafts, including Brazil nut oil, sesame seed oil, honey, and shea butter. The first Community Trade product was a wooden footsie roller which was supplied by a small community in Southern India, Teddy Exports, which is still a key Community Trade supplier.[34]
Fair trade activists has criticised the programme. "The company's prominently displayed claims claim to pay fairer prices to the Third World poor but covered less than a fraction of 1 percent of its turnover", wrote Paul Vallely, the former chair of Traidcraft, in the obituary of Anita Roddick published in The Independent.[35]
The Body Shop regularly invites employees and stakeholders to visit Community Trade suppliers to see the benefits that the Community Trade programme has brought to communities and The Body Shop products.[36]
As part of the Community Trade programme, The Body Shop undertakes periodic social audits of its sourcing activities through Ecocert.[37]
A campaign by Christian Peacemaker Team and other allies protested the alleged role of The Body Shop in purchasing palm oil from Daabon, a third-party supplier in Colombia, who forcefully evicted 123 families from their land at Las Pavas, Columbia on 14 July 2009.[38][39] The Body Shop initially denied intentionally purchasing palm oil from the Las Pavas area,[40] but later dropped Daabon as a supplier after the company failed to provide proof that it was not involved in the land seizures.[41][42][43]
Policy on animal testing Edit
The Body Shop has campaigned to end animal testing in cosmetics alongside animal cruelty NGO Cruelty-Free International since 1989. The company's products are non-animal tested and are certified cruelty-free by Cruelty Free International's Leaping Bunny.[44]
In June 2017, The Body Shop and Cruelty-Free International launched Forever Against Animal Testing, its largest ever campaign, aimed at banning animal testing in cosmetics everywhere and forever.[45] By the end of 2018, the petition had reached 8.3 million signatures and was taken to the United Nations.[citation needed]
In October 2009, The Body Shop was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by the RSPCA in Britain, in recognition of its uncompromised policy which ensures ingredients are not tested by its suppliers.[citation needed]
In 2021, The Body Shop announced that all their products would be certified vegan by The Vegan Society as of the end of 2023. Currently, around 60% of the retailer's products are vegan.[46]
The Body Shop Foundation Edit
The Roddicks founded The Body Shop Foundation in 1990, which supports innovative global projects working in the areas of human and civil rights and environmental and animal protection. It is The Body Shop International's charitable trust funded by annual donations from the company and through various fundraising initiatives.[47] The Body Shop Foundation was formed to consolidate all the charitable donations made by the company. To date, The Body Shop Foundation has donated over £24 million sterling in grants. The Foundation regularly gives gift-in-kind support to various projects and organisations such as Children On The Edge (COTE).[48] Approximately 65% of the grants that the company funds come to nominations from the staff, consultants or franchisers attached to the company from all over the world.
In 2017, The Body Shop announced its new approach to corporate philanthropy, the World Bio-Bridges Mission (Re-Wilding the World). The purpose of the World Bio-Bridges Mission is to enrich biodiversity around the world while creating truly sustainable supply chains where possible.[49][self-published source?]
Products Edit
The Body Shop carries a wide range of products for the body, face, hair and home. The Body Shop claims its products are "inspired by nature" and feature ingredients such as marula oil and sesame seed oil sourced through the Community Trade program.
Products include:
- Body butters (including Moringa, Satsuma, Strawberry, Olive, Shea, Mango and Coconut)
- Body products such as body scrub, body butter and bath lilies
- Cosmetics (including mascara, lipstick, lip gloss, eye shadow and cotton rounds)
- Full skin care ranges (including Tea tree, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Aloe vera and Seaweed)
- Men's skin care (Including maca root and white musk)
- Hair care (including their famous Banana shampoo and Banana conditioner)
- Fragrances (Women's and Men's)
- Bath products including shower gels and solid soaps
- High-end skincare range such as Oils of Life
- Face masks including sheet masks
References Edit
- ^ a b Schipani, Andres (27 June 2017). "L'Oréal sells The Body Shop to Natura Cosméticos". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
- ^ https://api.mziq.com/mzfilemanager/v2/d/9e61d5ff-4641-4ec3-97a5-3595f938bb75/18ac3a48-dbb8-87fc-fe4a-dc8ac9132e6a?origin=2[bare URL PDF]
- ^ "About Us".
- ^ Chesters, Anna (21 November 2011). "A brief history of The Body Shop". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ Butler, Sarah (9 June 2017). "L'Oréal to sell Body Shop to Brazil's Natura in €1bn deal". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Body Shop bought by Brazil's Natura". BBC News. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ Bronstein, Zelda (3 February 2004). "Made in Berkeley: Berkeley's Body Time the original Body Shop". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ Hope, Katie (9 February 2017). "What went wrong for The Body Shop?". BBC News. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ Chesters, Anna (21 November 2011). "A brief history of The Body Shop". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d Gale, Thomson. "The Body Shop International Plc". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Made In Berkeley: Berkeley's Body Time the Original Body Shop. Category: Features from". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ Lee, Wendy (26 April 2018). "Berkeley's Body Time, once known as the Body Shop, closes". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ "The Sincerest Form of Rivalry (Published 1991)". 19 October 1991.
- ^ "History".
- ^ "Body Flop: Anita Roddick proclaimed that business could be caring as well as capitalist, by Jon Entine, The Globe and Mail Report on Business Magazine". Jonentine.com. 31 May 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ Wallis, David (2004). Killed: Great Journalism Too Hot to Print. ISBN 1-56025-581-1.
- ^ . The Independent. London. 17 March 2006. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "The Question of Animal Testing". L'Oréal. L'Oréal Group. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ "L'Oreal celebrates 20 years in China". L'Oreal Media Room. L'Oreal Group. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ Cahalane, Claudia (3 November 2006). "Interview: Anita Roddick, Body Shop founder". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ "Anita Roddick dies aged 64". The Guardian. 10 September 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ Butler, Sarah (9 June 2017). "L'Oréal to sell Body Shop to Brazil's Natura in €1bn deal". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ Wright, Georgia (24 September 2019). "The Body Shop joins B Corp in pledging further sustainability efforts". Retail Gazette. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ^ Holland, Tiffany (5 April 2012). "New Body Shop boss talks for first time on brand revamp". Retail Week.
- ^ "Body Shop targets homes". The Times (United Kingdom). 30 April 2004. p. 27.
- ^ "The Body Shop at Home | Joyful Collective".
- ^ Dabkowski, Stephen (20 October 1997). "A beauty business with more hope than hype". BRW. p. 70.
- ^ Hepworth, Annabel (5 June 1998). "Belly dancing and tarot cards: learn on the job". The Australian Financial Review. p. 54.
- ^ O'Donnell, John (15 June 2003). "Roddick to launch ethical fashion chain". The Sunday Times.
- ^ Byrnes, Michael; Cheema, Sadaat. "The servant of two masters: Competing employees and poorly drafted restraints - Knowledge - Clayton Utz". claytonutz.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ^ http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/links/bodycode.html
- ^ . The Body Shop. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ Elliott, Stuart (26 August 1997). "The Body Shop's campaign offers reality, not miracles". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ "The Body Shop - Natural Products Inspired by Nature".
- ^ "Dame Anita Roddick". The Independent. 12 September 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ^ . Thisischeshire.co.uk. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 9 November 2006.
- ^ "Episode 19: Sarah Thompson on Charlottesville, CPT and confrontational nonviolence". soundcloud.com.
- ^ CPTDeutschland (2 November 2009). "Christian Peacemaker Teams public witness at The Body Shop outlets in London". Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 – via YouTube.
- ^ Simmons, Shelley (15 September 2010). "A Commitment to Colombia: The Body Shop's Solution for Palm Oil Sourcing". HuffPost.
- ^ Syal, Rajeev; Brodzinsky, Sibylla (2 October 2010). "Body Shop drops supplier after report of peasant evictions in Colombia". The Guardian.
- ^ "The Body Shop drops Colombian palm oil supplier for alleged land grabbing". wordpress.com. 10 October 2010.
- ^ "What we do - Christian Aid". christianaid.org.uk.
- ^ "Leaping Bunny Approved Brands". Leaping Bunny. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- ^ Wallwork, Ellen (2017). "The Body Shop Launches Campaign For A Global Ban On Cosmetic Animal Testing". HuffPost. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "The Body Shop wants to be 100% vegan by 203," Retail Detail 6 March 2021.
- ^ . The Body Shop Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ "Home". Children On The Edge. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ^ "World Bio Bridges Mission | The Body Shop". www.thebodyshop.com. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
External links Edit
- Official website