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Thủy Xá (chữ Hán: 水舍, lit. "Water Haven") and Hỏa Xá (chữ Hán: 火舍, "Fire Haven") are Vietnamese names referring to two former Jarai chiefdoms located in Central Highlands of Vietnam. Their leaders used the title "King of Water" (Jarai: Pơtao Ia; Rade: Mtao Êa; Vietnamese: Thủy Vương; Khmer: Sdech Tưk ស្តេចទឹក; Laotian: Sadet nam ສະເດັດນ້ຳ), "King of Fire" (Jarai: Pơtao Apui; Rade: Mtao Pui; Vietnamese: Hỏa Vương; Khmer: Sdech Phlơng ស្តេចភ្លើង ; Laotian: Sadet Fai ສະເດັດໄຟ) and the lesser-known "King of Wind" (Jarai: Pơtao Angin) respectively. The Jarai word Pơtao were often translated as "king" but were never real kings, actually they were ritual masters of fire, water and wind.[1]
Water and Fire Kingdoms were descendants of Cham people. The two kings occupied themselves with magic and sorcery, bewitching the people. According to legend, King of Water could pray for rain, and King of Fire could pray for hot weather.[3] Their sorcery were known by Cambodian. In order to pray for peace and prosperity, the Cambodian king offered sacrifices to the two tribes every three years.[2]
Fire Kingdom Jrai were reported by French missionary Fr. Bouillevaux. He made an incursion through the Mekong in 1850 and mentioned about certain "King of Fire", a man of respect belonging to a certain group of people called Jarai.[4]
After the 1893 Franco-Siamese crisis, the French consolidated their administration in Laos, the authority of Central Highlands was given to the commissioner at Stung Treng, then in lower Laos. Jarai people resisted and defeated the French colonizers in 1894, but later were conquered by a large column of French troops in January 1897.[5] The Master of Fire killed a French Prosper Marie Patrice Odend'hal[6] in 1904.[7] Soon they were attacked by a French army led by Vincillionni, the Master of Fire had to flee.
In the same year, these territories were officially integrated into the protectorate of Annam, became a part of Plei Ku Der Province [vi].
The last Master of Fire died in 1987. His designated successor Siu Aluân never succeeded the office,[1] apparently because of concerns by the Vietnamese authorities. Siu Aluân died in 1999 without news of a successor.[5]
^ abOscar Salemink. "Tây Nguyên: Lifeworld or Heritage?" (PDF).
^ abĐặng Nghiêm Vạn (2003). "Cộng đồng quốc gia dân tộc Việt Nam". Nhà xuất bản Đại học quốc gia thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh: 316–317.
^Joachim Schliesinger (2015). Ethnic Groups of Cambodia Vol 3: Profile of Austro-Thai and Sinitic-Speaking Peoples. Booksmango, January 11, 2015. Pages 35-37
^ abHarold E. Meinheit. "Captain Cupet and the King of Fire: Mapping and Minorities in Vietnam's Central Highlands". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
The Regional Centrality of Vietnam’s Central Highlands
Huyền thoại những Pơtao Tây nguyên - Kỳ 1: Miền hư ảo của Pơtao Ia
Huyền thoại những Pơtao Tây nguyên - Kỳ 2: Về đất Hỏa xá
Tìm hiểu nước Thủy Xá và Hỏa Xá qua mộc bản triều Nguyễn
April 10, 2024
thủy, hỏa, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, vietnamese, december, 2018, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, vietnamese, article, machine, translation, like, de. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese December 2018 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Vietnamese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 950 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Vietnamese Wikipedia article at vi Thủy Xa Hỏa Xa see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated vi Thủy Xa Hỏa Xa to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Thủy Xa chữ Han 水舍 lit Water Haven and Hỏa Xa chữ Han 火舍 Fire Haven are Vietnamese names referring to two former Jarai chiefdoms located in Central Highlands of Vietnam Their leaders used the title King of Water Jarai Pơtao Ia Rade Mtao Ea Vietnamese Thủy Vương Khmer Sdech Tưk ស ត ច ទ ក Laotian Sadet nam ສະເດ ດນ ຳ King of Fire Jarai Pơtao Apui Rade Mtao Pui Vietnamese Hỏa Vương Khmer Sdech Phlơng ស ត ច ភ ល ង Laotian Sadet Fai ສະເດ ດໄຟ and the lesser known King of Wind Jarai Pơtao Angin respectively The Jarai word Pơtao were often translated as king but were never real kings actually they were ritual masters of fire water and wind 1 location of Thủy Xa 水舍 and Hỏa Xa 火舍 According to research these tribes located in the valley of Ayun and Ba River modern day Ayun Pa a district in Gia Lai Province and Ea Sup a district in Đắk Lắk Province 2 Water and Fire Kingdoms were descendants of Cham people The two kings occupied themselves with magic and sorcery bewitching the people According to legend King of Water could pray for rain and King of Fire could pray for hot weather 3 Their sorcery were known by Cambodian In order to pray for peace and prosperity the Cambodian king offered sacrifices to the two tribes every three years 2 Fire Kingdom Jrai were reported by French missionary Fr Bouillevaux He made an incursion through the Mekong in 1850 and mentioned about certain King of Fire a man of respect belonging to a certain group of people called Jarai 4 After the 1893 Franco Siamese crisis the French consolidated their administration in Laos the authority of Central Highlands was given to the commissioner at Stung Treng then in lower Laos Jarai people resisted and defeated the French colonizers in 1894 but later were conquered by a large column of French troops in January 1897 5 The Master of Fire killed a French Prosper Marie Patrice Odend hal 6 in 1904 7 Soon they were attacked by a French army led by Vincillionni the Master of Fire had to flee In the same year these territories were officially integrated into the protectorate of Annam became a part of Plei Ku Der Province vi The last Master of Fire died in 1987 His designated successor Siu Aluan never succeeded the office 1 apparently because of concerns by the Vietnamese authorities Siu Aluan died in 1999 without news of a successor 5 See also editDegarReferences edit a b Oscar Salemink Tay Nguyen Lifeworld or Heritage PDF a b Đặng Nghiem Vạn 2003 Cộng đồng quốc gia dan tộc Việt Nam Nha xuất bản Đại học quốc gia thanh phố Hồ Chi Minh Thanh phố Hồ Chi Minh 316 317 Đại Nam chinh bien liệt truyện sơ tập vol 32 Joachim Schliesinger 2015 Ethnic Groups of Cambodia Vol 3 Profile of Austro Thai and Sinitic Speaking Peoples Booksmango January 11 2015 Pages 35 37 a b Harold E Meinheit Captain Cupet and the King of Fire Mapping and Minorities in Vietnam s Central Highlands a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Prosper Odend hal 1867 1904 in French Prosper Odend hal in French Further reading editThe Regional Centrality of Vietnam s Central Highlands Huyền thoại những Pơtao Tay nguyen Kỳ 1 Miền hư ảo của Pơtao Ia Huyền thoại những Pơtao Tay nguyen Kỳ 2 Về đất Hỏa xa Tim hiểu nước Thủy Xa va Hỏa Xa qua mộc bản triều Nguyễn Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thủy Xa and Hỏa Xa amp oldid 1197426937, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
