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Textile arts

January 25, 2023

Not to be confused with Fiber art.

Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textile arts in ancient Egypt
This portrait illustrates the practical, decorative, and social aspects of the textile arts. Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales by Robert Peake the Elder, 1610.
Persian Silk Brocade. Persian Textile (The Golden Yarns of Zari - Brocade). Silk Brocade with Golden Thread (Golabetoon). Pattern and Design: Paisley Left and Right (Bote Jeghe), With Main Repeating Motif (Persian Paisley).
Textile, painted silk, 45 × 291⁄2 in. (114.3 × 74.93 cm), Qing Dynasty, China, mid-18th century, LACMA textile collection
Chamba Rumāl with scenes of gopis worshiping Krishna. Late 18th to early 19th century, Himachal Pradesh, India. Ceremonial/ritual furnishing, silk embroidery on cotton. LACMA textile collection

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization.[1][2] The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade. Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.

Concepts

The word textile is from Latin texere which means "to weave", "to braid" or "to construct".[1] The simplest textile art is felting, in which animal fibers are matted together using heat and moisture. Most textile arts begin with twisting or spinning and plying fibers to make yarn (called thread when it is very fine and rope when it is very heavy). The yarn is then knotted, looped, braided, or woven to make flexible fabric or cloth, and cloth can be used to make clothing and soft furnishings. All of these items – felt, yarn, fabric, and finished objects – are collectively referred to as textiles.[3]

The textile arts also include those techniques which are used to embellish or decorate textiles – dyeing and printing to add color and pattern; embroidery and other types of needlework; tablet weaving; and lace-making. Construction methods such as sewing, knitting, crochet, and tailoring, as well as the tools employed (looms and sewing needles), techniques employed (quilting and pleating) and the objects made (carpets, kilims, hooked rugs, and coverlets) all fall under the category of textile arts.

Functions

From early times, textiles have been used to cover the human body and protect it from the elements; to send social cues to other people; to store, secure, and protect possessions; and to soften, insulate, and decorate living spaces and surfaces.[4]

The persistence of ancient textile arts and functions, and their elaboration for decorative effect, can be seen in a Jacobean era portrait of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales by Robert Peake the Elder (above). The prince's capotain hat is made of felt using the most basic of textile techniques. His clothing is made of woven cloth, richly embroidered in silk, and his stockings are knitted. He stands on an oriental rug of wool which softens and warms the floor, and heavy curtains both decorate the room and block cold drafts from the window. Goldwork embroidery on the tablecloth and curtains proclaim the status of the home's owner, in the same way that the felted fur hat, sheer linen shirt trimmed with reticella lace, and opulent embroidery on the prince's clothes proclaim his social position.[5]

Textiles as art

Traditionally the term art was used to refer to any skill or mastery, a concept which altered during the Romantic period of the nineteenth century, when art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science".[6] This distinction between craft and fine art is applied to the textile arts as well, where the term fiber art or textile art is now used to describe textile-based decorative objects which are not intended for practical use.[7][8]

History of plant use in textile arts

Natural fibers have been an important aspect of human society since 7000 B.C.,[9] and it is suspected that they were first used in ornamental cloths since 400 B.C. in India where cotton was first grown.[10] Natural fibers have been used for the past 4000 to 5000 years to make cloth, and plant and animal fibers were the only way that clothing and fabrics could be created up until 1885 when the first synthetic fiber was made.[9] Cotton and flax are two of the most common natural fibers that are used today, but historically natural fibers were made of most parts of the plant, including bark, stem, leaf, fruit, seed hairs, and sap.[10]

Flax

 
Linen (flax) cloth that was used in mummification.

Flax is believed to be the oldest fiber that was used to create textiles, as it was found in the tombs of mummies from as early as 6500 B.C.[10][9][11] The fibers from the flax are taken from the filaments in the stem of the plant, spun together to create long strands, and then woven into long pieces of linen that were used from anything from bandages to clothing and tapestries.[11] Each fiber's length depends on the height of the leaf that it is serving, with 10 filaments in a bundle serving each leaf on the plant. Each filament is the same thickness, giving it a consistency that is ideal for spinning yarn.[9] The yarn was best used on warping boards or warping reels to create large pieces of cloth that could be dyed and woven into different patterns to create elaborate tapestries and embroideries.[10] One example of how linen was used is in the picture of a bandage that a mummy was wrapped in, dated between 305 and 30 B.C. Some of the bandages were painted with hieroglyphs if the person being buried was of importance to the community.

Cotton

 
Cotton tapestry that was woven into an intricate pattern in India

Cotton was first used in 5000 B.C. in India and the Middle East, and spread to Europe after they invaded India in 327 B.C. The manufacture and production of cotton spread rapidly in the 18th century, and it quickly became one of the most important textile fibers because of its comfort, durability, and absorbency.[9] Cotton fibers are seed hairs formed in a capsule that grows after the plant flowers. The fibers complete their growth cycle and burst to release about 30 seeds that each have between 200 and 7000 seed hairs that are between 22 and 50 millimeters long. About 90% of the seed hairs are cellulose, with the other 10% being wax, pectate, protein, and other minerals.[9] Once it is processed, cotton can be spun into yarn of various thicknesses to be woven or knitted into various different products such as velvet, chambray, corduroy, jersey, flannel, and velour that can be used in clothing tapestries, rugs, and drapes, as shown in the image of the cotton tapestry that was woven in India.[10]

Plant fiber identification in ancient textiles

Light microscopy, normal transmission electron microscopy, and most recently scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to study ancient textile remains to determine what natural fibers were used to create them.[12] Once textiles are found, the fibers are teased out using a light microscope and an SEM is used to look for characteristics in the textile that show what plant it is made of.[12] In flax, for example, scientists look for longitudinal striations that show the cells of the plant stem and cross striations and nodes that are specific to flax fibers. Cotton is identified by the twist that occurs in the seed hairs when the fibers are dried to be woven.[12] This knowledge helps us to learn where and when the cultivation of plants that are used in textiles first occurred, confirming the previous knowledge that was gained from studying the era in which different textile arts aligned with from a perspective of design.[10][12]

Future of plants in textile art

While plant use in textile art is still common today, there are new innovations being developed, such as Suzanne Lee's art installation “BioCouture.” Lee uses fermentation to create a plant-based paper sheet that can be cut and sewn just like cloth- ranging in thickness from thin plastic-like materials up to thick leather-like sheets.[13] The garments are “disposable” because they are made entirely of plant based products and are completely biodegradable. Within her project, Lee places a large emphasis on making the clothing look fashionable by using avant-garde style and natural dyes made from fruits because compostable clothing is not appealing to most shoppers.[13] In addition, there is a possibility to create designs with the plants by tearing or cutting the growing sheet and allowing it to heal to create a pattern made of scars on the textile.[13] The possibilities to use this textile in art installations is incredible because artists would have the ability to create a living art piece, such as Lee does with her clothing.

Textile arts by region

List of contemporary textile artists

[18][19][20][21]

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Gillow & Sentance 1999, pp. 10–11.
  2. ^ Barber 2008, pp. 42–70.
  3. ^ Kadolph 2007.
  4. ^ Jenkins 2003, pp. 1–6.
  5. ^ For general discussion of textile techniques in this era and their significance, see Arnold 2018 and Arnold 2009, as well as Hearn 2010, throughout.
  6. ^ Gombrich, Ernst (2005). . The Gombrich Archive. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
  7. ^ Pantelić, Ksenija (December 23, 2016). "Fiber Art and Its Scope". Widewalls. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  8. ^ Lunin, Lois F. (Spring 1990). "The Descriptive Challenges of Fiber Art". Library Trends. The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois. 38 (4): 697–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.190.6501.
  9. ^ a b c d e f kozłowski, R.M.; Mackiewicz-Talarczyk, M. (2012). Handbook of Natural Fibres. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1533/9780857095503.1. ISBN 9781845696979. S2CID 111000384.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Birrell, Verla Leone (1959). The textile arts, a handbook of fabric structure and design processes:ancient and modern weaving, braiding, printing, and other textile techniques. Harper's home economics series. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. hdl:2027/mdp.39015006754272.
  11. ^ a b Maier, Ursula; Schlichtherle, Helmut (November 1, 2011). "Flax cultivation and textile production in Neolithic wetland settlements on Lake Constance and in Upper Swabia (south-west Germany)". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 20 (6): 567–578. doi:10.1007/s00334-011-0300-8. ISSN 0939-6314. S2CID 129757770.
  12. ^ a b c d Ryder, M. L.; Gabra-Sanders, Thea (1985). "The Application of Microscopy to Textile History". Textile History. 16 (2): 123–140. doi:10.1179/004049685793701061.
  13. ^ a b c Hemmings, Jessica (2008). "Grown Fashion: Animal, Vegetable or Plastic?". Textile. 6 (3): 262–273. doi:10.2752/175183508X377627. S2CID 110081228.
  14. ^ "Artist creates works in denim". BBC News. May 23, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  15. ^ Cripps, Charlotte (March 15, 2010). "Stitches in time: Quilt-making as contemporary art". The Independent. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  16. ^ "Sámi Artist Group (Keviselie/Hans Ragnar Mathisen, Britta Marakatt-Labba, Synnøve Persen)". Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  17. ^ Freyberg, Annabel (November 1, 2008). "Grayson Perry: spinning a yarn". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  18. ^ Gottesman, Sarah (October 31, 2016). "10 Textile Artists Who Are Pushing the Medium Forward". Artsy. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  19. ^ Lin, Amy (December 25, 2016). "Famous Fiber Artists to Follow". Widewalls. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  20. ^ Pitcher, Joe (December 9, 2013). "Spotlight on 5 contemporary textile artists". TextileArtist.org. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  21. ^ Bell, Kirsty (May 18, 2015). . www.tate.org.uk. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.

References

  • Arnold, Janet (2018). Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd. Leeds: W S Maney and Son Ltd. ISBN 978-0-901286-20-8.
  • Arnold, Janet (2009). Patterns of Fashion: the cut and construction of clothes for men and women 2000 (Revised edition 2006 ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-89676-083-7.
  • Barber, Elizabeth Wayland (2008). Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-03506-3.
  • Barber, Elizabeth Wayland (1992). Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691002248.
  • Gillow, John; Sentance, Bryan (1999). World Textiles. New York: Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown. ISBN 0-8212-2621-5.
  • Hearn, Karen, ed. (2010). Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 2000–2007. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-8478-1940-9.
  • Jenkins, David, ed. (2003). The Cambridge History of Western Textiles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34107-8.
  • Kadolph, Sara J., ed. (2007). Textiles (10th ed.). Pearson/Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-118769-6.

Further reading

  • Lowengard, Sarah (2006). The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-century Europe. Columbia University Press.
  • Watt, James C.Y.; Wardwell, Anne E. (1997). When silk was gold: Central Asian and Chinese textiles. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0870998256.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Textile arts.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Textile arts.
  • Antique textile design archive – Andre Heget
  • Contemporary Textile Artists – TextileArtist.org

January 25, 2023
textile, arts, confused, with, fiber, arts, crafts, that, plant, animal, synthetic, fibers, construct, practical, decorative, objects, ancient, egypt, this, portrait, illustrates, practical, decorative, social, aspects, textile, arts, henry, frederick, prince,. Not to be confused with Fiber art Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant animal or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects Textile arts in ancient Egypt This portrait illustrates the practical decorative and social aspects of the textile arts Henry Frederick Prince of Wales by Robert Peake the Elder 1610 Persian Silk Brocade Persian Textile The Golden Yarns of Zari Brocade Silk Brocade with Golden Thread Golabetoon Pattern and Design Paisley Left and Right Bote Jeghe With Main Repeating Motif Persian Paisley Textile painted silk 45 291 2 in 114 3 74 93 cm Qing Dynasty China mid 18th century LACMA textile collection Chamba Rumal with scenes of gopis worshiping Krishna Late 18th to early 19th century Himachal Pradesh India Ceremonial ritual furnishing silk embroidery on cotton LACMA textile collection Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization 1 2 The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously while the functions of textiles have remained the same there are many functions for textiles Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house shelter The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India Africa and Europe and conversely Sogdian silk to China Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology the cotton gin the spinning jenny and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion Contents 1 Concepts 2 Functions 3 Textiles as art 4 History of plant use in textile arts 4 1 Flax 4 2 Cotton 5 Plant fiber identification in ancient textiles 6 Future of plants in textile art 7 Textile arts by region 8 List of contemporary textile artists 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksConcepts EditThe word textile is from Latin texere which means to weave to braid or to construct 1 The simplest textile art is felting in which animal fibers are matted together using heat and moisture Most textile arts begin with twisting or spinning and plying fibers to make yarn called thread when it is very fine and rope when it is very heavy The yarn is then knotted looped braided or woven to make flexible fabric or cloth and cloth can be used to make clothing and soft furnishings All of these items felt yarn fabric and finished objects are collectively referred to as textiles 3 The textile arts also include those techniques which are used to embellish or decorate textiles dyeing and printing to add color and pattern embroidery and other types of needlework tablet weaving and lace making Construction methods such as sewing knitting crochet and tailoring as well as the tools employed looms and sewing needles techniques employed quilting and pleating and the objects made carpets kilims hooked rugs and coverlets all fall under the category of textile arts Functions EditFrom early times textiles have been used to cover the human body and protect it from the elements to send social cues to other people to store secure and protect possessions and to soften insulate and decorate living spaces and surfaces 4 The persistence of ancient textile arts and functions and their elaboration for decorative effect can be seen in a Jacobean era portrait of Henry Frederick Prince of Wales by Robert Peake the Elder above The prince s capotain hat is made of felt using the most basic of textile techniques His clothing is made of woven cloth richly embroidered in silk and his stockings are knitted He stands on an oriental rug of wool which softens and warms the floor and heavy curtains both decorate the room and block cold drafts from the window Goldwork embroidery on the tablecloth and curtains proclaim the status of the home s owner in the same way that the felted fur hat sheer linen shirt trimmed with reticella lace and opulent embroidery on the prince s clothes proclaim his social position 5 Textiles as art EditTraditionally the term art was used to refer to any skill or mastery a concept which altered during the Romantic period of the nineteenth century when art came to be seen as a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science 6 This distinction between craft and fine art is applied to the textile arts as well where the term fiber art or textile art is now used to describe textile based decorative objects which are not intended for practical use 7 8 History of plant use in textile arts EditNatural fibers have been an important aspect of human society since 7000 B C 9 and it is suspected that they were first used in ornamental cloths since 400 B C in India where cotton was first grown 10 Natural fibers have been used for the past 4000 to 5000 years to make cloth and plant and animal fibers were the only way that clothing and fabrics could be created up until 1885 when the first synthetic fiber was made 9 Cotton and flax are two of the most common natural fibers that are used today but historically natural fibers were made of most parts of the plant including bark stem leaf fruit seed hairs and sap 10 Flax Edit Linen flax cloth that was used in mummification Flax is believed to be the oldest fiber that was used to create textiles as it was found in the tombs of mummies from as early as 6500 B C 10 9 11 The fibers from the flax are taken from the filaments in the stem of the plant spun together to create long strands and then woven into long pieces of linen that were used from anything from bandages to clothing and tapestries 11 Each fiber s length depends on the height of the leaf that it is serving with 10 filaments in a bundle serving each leaf on the plant Each filament is the same thickness giving it a consistency that is ideal for spinning yarn 9 The yarn was best used on warping boards or warping reels to create large pieces of cloth that could be dyed and woven into different patterns to create elaborate tapestries and embroideries 10 One example of how linen was used is in the picture of a bandage that a mummy was wrapped in dated between 305 and 30 B C Some of the bandages were painted with hieroglyphs if the person being buried was of importance to the community Cotton Edit Cotton tapestry that was woven into an intricate pattern in India Cotton was first used in 5000 B C in India and the Middle East and spread to Europe after they invaded India in 327 B C The manufacture and production of cotton spread rapidly in the 18th century and it quickly became one of the most important textile fibers because of its comfort durability and absorbency 9 Cotton fibers are seed hairs formed in a capsule that grows after the plant flowers The fibers complete their growth cycle and burst to release about 30 seeds that each have between 200 and 7000 seed hairs that are between 22 and 50 millimeters long About 90 of the seed hairs are cellulose with the other 10 being wax pectate protein and other minerals 9 Once it is processed cotton can be spun into yarn of various thicknesses to be woven or knitted into various different products such as velvet chambray corduroy jersey flannel and velour that can be used in clothing tapestries rugs and drapes as shown in the image of the cotton tapestry that was woven in India 10 Plant fiber identification in ancient textiles EditLight microscopy normal transmission electron microscopy and most recently scanning electron microscopy SEM are used to study ancient textile remains to determine what natural fibers were used to create them 12 Once textiles are found the fibers are teased out using a light microscope and an SEM is used to look for characteristics in the textile that show what plant it is made of 12 In flax for example scientists look for longitudinal striations that show the cells of the plant stem and cross striations and nodes that are specific to flax fibers Cotton is identified by the twist that occurs in the seed hairs when the fibers are dried to be woven 12 This knowledge helps us to learn where and when the cultivation of plants that are used in textiles first occurred confirming the previous knowledge that was gained from studying the era in which different textile arts aligned with from a perspective of design 10 12 Future of plants in textile art EditWhile plant use in textile art is still common today there are new innovations being developed such as Suzanne Lee s art installation BioCouture Lee uses fermentation to create a plant based paper sheet that can be cut and sewn just like cloth ranging in thickness from thin plastic like materials up to thick leather like sheets 13 The garments are disposable because they are made entirely of plant based products and are completely biodegradable Within her project Lee places a large emphasis on making the clothing look fashionable by using avant garde style and natural dyes made from fruits because compostable clothing is not appealing to most shoppers 13 In addition there is a possibility to create designs with the plants by tearing or cutting the growing sheet and allowing it to heal to create a pattern made of scars on the textile 13 The possibilities to use this textile in art installations is incredible because artists would have the ability to create a living art piece such as Lee does with her clothing Textile arts by region EditFor articles on textile arts by region see All pages with titles beginning with Textile arts of List of contemporary textile artists EditMagdalena Abakanowicz Olga de Amaral Caroline Achaintre Alicja Alice Kozlowska Anni Albers Aude Franjou Carla Freschi Ian Berry 14 Alighiero Boetti Nick Cave Tracey Emin 15 Rodrigo Franzao Sheila Hicks Britta Marakatt Labba 16 Mascha Mioni Maria Teresa Munoz Guillen Martin Nannestad Jorgensen Grayson Perry 17 Erin M Riley Faith Ringgold Carole Sabiston Judith Scott Kiki Smith Joana Vasconcelos Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada Brent Wadden Pae White Billie Zangewa 18 19 20 21 Gallery Edit Mantle The Paracas Textile 100 300 C E Brooklyn Museum Casino Bokor Tapestry by Martin Nannestad 2014See also Edit Clothing portalHistory of clothing and textiles Handicraft Dramatic arts Plastic arts Visual arts CraftivismNotes Edit a b Gillow amp Sentance 1999 pp 10 11 Barber 2008 pp 42 70 Kadolph 2007 Jenkins 2003 pp 1 6 For general discussion of textile techniques in this era and their significance see Arnold 2018 and Arnold 2009 as well as Hearn 2010 throughout Gombrich Ernst 2005 Press statement on The Story of Art The Gombrich Archive Archived from the original on February 14 2008 Retrieved January 18 2008 Pantelic Ksenija December 23 2016 Fiber Art and Its Scope Widewalls Retrieved October 23 2019 Lunin Lois F Spring 1990 The Descriptive Challenges of Fiber Art Library Trends The Board of Trustees University of Illinois 38 4 697 8 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 190 6501 a b c d e f kozlowski R M Mackiewicz Talarczyk M 2012 Handbook of Natural Fibres pp 1 8 doi 10 1533 9780857095503 1 ISBN 9781845696979 S2CID 111000384 a b c d e f Birrell Verla Leone 1959 The textile arts a handbook of fabric structure and design processes ancient and modern weaving braiding printing and other textile techniques Harper s home economics series New York Harper amp Brothers Publishers hdl 2027 mdp 39015006754272 a b Maier Ursula Schlichtherle Helmut November 1 2011 Flax cultivation and textile production in Neolithic wetland settlements on Lake Constance and in Upper Swabia south west Germany Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 20 6 567 578 doi 10 1007 s00334 011 0300 8 ISSN 0939 6314 S2CID 129757770 a b c d Ryder M L Gabra Sanders Thea 1985 The Application of Microscopy to Textile History Textile History 16 2 123 140 doi 10 1179 004049685793701061 a b c Hemmings Jessica 2008 Grown Fashion Animal Vegetable or Plastic Textile 6 3 262 273 doi 10 2752 175183508X377627 S2CID 110081228 Artist creates works in denim BBC News May 23 2018 Retrieved July 9 2018 Cripps Charlotte March 15 2010 Stitches in time Quilt making as contemporary art The Independent Retrieved July 9 2018 Sami Artist Group Keviselie Hans Ragnar Mathisen Britta Marakatt Labba Synnove Persen Retrieved October 25 2018 Freyberg Annabel November 1 2008 Grayson Perry spinning a yarn The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 2022 01 12 Retrieved July 9 2018 Gottesman Sarah October 31 2016 10 Textile Artists Who Are Pushing the Medium Forward Artsy Retrieved July 9 2018 Lin Amy December 25 2016 Famous Fiber Artists to Follow Widewalls Retrieved July 9 2018 Pitcher Joe December 9 2013 Spotlight on 5 contemporary textile artists TextileArtist org Retrieved July 9 2018 Bell Kirsty May 18 2015 New yarns Tate www tate org uk Archived from the original on July 9 2018 Retrieved July 9 2018 References EditArnold Janet 2018 Queen Elizabeth s Wardrobe Unlock d Leeds W S Maney and Son Ltd ISBN 978 0 901286 20 8 Arnold Janet 2009 Patterns of Fashion the cut and construction of clothes for men and women 2000 Revised edition 2006 ed Macmillan ISBN 978 0 89676 083 7 Barber Elizabeth Wayland 2008 Women s Work The First 20 000 Years W W Norton ISBN 978 0 393 03506 3 Barber Elizabeth Wayland 1992 Prehistoric Textiles The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0691002248 Gillow John Sentance Bryan 1999 World Textiles New York Bulfinch Press Little Brown ISBN 0 8212 2621 5 Hearn Karen ed 2010 Dynasties Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 2000 2007 New York Rizzoli ISBN 978 0 8478 1940 9 Jenkins David ed 2003 The Cambridge History of Western Textiles Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 34107 8 Kadolph Sara J ed 2007 Textiles 10th ed Pearson Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 118769 6 Further reading EditLowengard Sarah 2006 The Creation of Color in Eighteenth century Europe Columbia University Press Watt James C Y Wardwell Anne E 1997 When silk was gold Central Asian and Chinese textiles New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art ISBN 978 0870998256 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Textile arts Wikiquote has quotations related to Textile arts Antique textile design archive Andre Heget Contemporary Textile Artists TextileArtist org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Textile arts amp oldid 1113285213, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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