Texas Education Agency
The Texas Education Agency (TEA) is the branch of the government of Texas responsible for public education in Texas in the United States.[1] The agency is headquartered in the William B. Travis State Office Building in downtown Austin.[1][2] Mike Morath, formerly a member of the Dallas Independent School District's board of trustees, was appointed commissioner of education by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott on Dec. 14, 2015, and began serving on Jan. 4, 2016.[3]
The Texas Education Agency Logo | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1949 |
| Jurisdiction | Texas |
| Headquarters | 1701 North Congress Avenue, Austin |
| Agency executives |
|
| Website | tea |
History
Prior to the late 1940s, many school districts in Texas did not operate schools, but spent money to send children to schools operated by other districts. In the late 1940s, state lawmakers passed a bill abolishing those districts, prompting a wave of mass school district consolidation.[4]
Duties
TEA is responsible for the oversight of public primary and secondary education in the state of Texas, involving over 1,000 individual school districts in the state and charter schools. It is also responsible for the safety of students. However, it does not have any jurisdiction over private or parochial schools (whether or not accredited) nor over home schools.
Although school districts are independent governmental entities, TEA has the authority to oversee a district's operations (either involving an individual school or the entire district) if serious issues arise (such as poor standardized test performance, financial distress, or mismanagement). This can be in the form of requiring the district to submit corrective action plans and regular status reports, assigning monitors to oversee operations (including the authority to assign a management board, which essentially replaces and performs the duties of the elected school board), and in extreme cases closure of a school campus or even the entire school district.
The University Interscholastic League (UIL), which oversees academic and athletic interscholastic competition in Texas public schools, is a separate entity not under TEA oversight.
In addition to primary and secondary education, TEA has oversight duties with respect to driver's education courses (initial permits) and defensive driving courses (used to have a ticket dismissed and/or for lower insurance premiums).
Curriculum controversies
- Science curriculum director resigns from Texas Education Agency
On November 7, 2007, Christine Comer resigned as the director of the science curriculum after more than nine years. Comer said that her resignation was a result of pressure from officials who claimed that she had given the appearance of criticizing the teaching of intelligent design.[5][6]
In 2009, the board received criticism from more than 50 scientific organizations over an attempt to weaken science standards on evolution.[7]
In 2010, a group of historians, including Jean A. Stuntz of West Texas A&M University in Canyon, Texas, signed a petition to oppose the revisions in the social studies curricula approved by the state board, changes which require the inclusion of conservative topics in public school instruction. For instance, Jefferson's name must be restored to a list of Enlightenment thinkers. There must be emphasis on the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States in regard to property rights. Students must be taught that new documents and the Venona project verify U.S. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's suspicions of communist infiltration. Stuntz told the Amarillo Globe-News that the SBOE is "micromanaging. They don't know what they're doing."[8]
In October 2012, The Revisionaries, a documentary film about the re-election of the chairman of the Texas Board of Education Don McLeroy and the curriculum controversy, was released.[9] In late January 2013, PBS's Independent Lens aired an abridged version the film.
Texas House Speaker Joe Straus of San Antonio, Texas said that the government should "take a look" at the structure of the board and consider a nonpartisan or appointed board if the elected members are "not getting their job done and they're not pleasing the Legislature or the citizens, then we ought to take) a thorough look at what they are doing."[10] In 2010, it was said to be "drafting its own version of American history", including altering school textbooks to remove what it said was a "left-leaning bias" and making changes that are said to have "religious and racial overtones".[11]
For example, the proposed curriculum would downplay Thomas Jefferson's emphasis on the separation of church and state (outlined in his Letter to Danbury Baptists), and would include a greater emphasis on the importance of religion to the founding fathers. Other changes include downplaying Abraham Lincoln's role in the civil war and putting more emphasis on the Confederate leader Jefferson Davis, questioning the Civil Rights Movement in addition to downplaying Martin Luther King Jr.'s legacy, removing such instances and points of history such as downplaying slavery, putting more emphasis on the states’ rights cause during the Civil War. Critics of the proposed changes believe that such a focus on the religious elements of the founding period could cause teachers to omit lessons on history more pertinent to national standards.[citation needed]
Special education controversies
A series of reports in 2016 from the Houston Chronicle found that since at least 2004, TEA denied special education services to thousands of students, prompting a federal investigation.[12][13] State education officials set an arbitrary limit of 8.5% for the number of students who could receive special education services. By strictly enforcing district compliance with the benchmark, the rate of students receiving special education in Texas fell to 8.5% in 2015, far below the national average of 13%.[13] School districts implemented a wide range of practices to reduce the number of students, including cutting services for certain children with autism and dyslexia, refusing to conduct eligibility evaluations in other languages, and refusing to accept medical records from other countries.[14][15] Students who are English Language Learners (ELL) also faced a disproportionate impact resulting in a 20% difference in the rate of ELL students getting special education services compared to native speakers.[15] In Houston ISD, the state's largest school district, after the 8.5% goal was met the standard was lowered to 8%. As a result, the district cut hundreds of special education positions, postponed diagnostic evaluations to second grade, and created a list of disqualifying factors that keep students from getting services.[16]
TEA issued a no-bid contract for $4.4 million to SPEDx in 2017 to analyze student records to assist with the overhaul of its special education practices. Advocates raised concerns about the lack of a competitive bidding process and the Georgia-based company's qualifications, and a former TEA special education director filed a federal complaint about TEA violating state procurement processes.[17]
In 2018, the U.S. Department of Education found that "Texas violated federal law by failing to ensure students with disabilities were properly evaluated and provided with an adequate public education."[12] A multi-year strategic plan was released in 2018.[18] In a grant application to the agency, TEA stated that they will not be able to ensure adequate services for special education students until June 2020.[19]
In September 2020, in the midst of several attempts to place Houston ISD under state control,[20] TEA investigators recommended a state-appointed conservator be selected to oversee the district.[21]
Commissioner of education
The current commissioner of education is Mike Morath.[22] A former member of the Dallas Independent School District's board of trustees, he was appointed commissioner of education by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott on Dec. 14, 2015.[23]
The commissioner's role is to lead and manage the Texas Education Agency. The commissioner also co-ordinates efforts between state and federal agencies.[22][24]
| Commissioners of Education[25] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Commissioner | Took office | Left office | Governor |
| 1 | J. W. Egdar | March 1950 | June 30, 1974 | Allan Shivers (1950–1957) Price Daniel (1957–1963) John Connally (1963–1969) Preston Smith (1963–1973) Dolph Briscoe (1973/1974) |
| 2 | M. L. Brockette | July 1, 1974 | August 31, 1979 | Dolph Briscoe (1974–1979) Bill Clements (1979) |
| 3 | Alton O. Bowen | September 1, 1979 | May 31, 1981 | Bill Clements (1979–1981) |
| 4 | Raymon L. Bynum | June 1, 1981 | October 31, 1984 | Bill Clements (1981–1983) Mark White (1984) |
| 5 | William N Kirby | Interim November 1, 1984 – April 12, 1985 | Mark White (1984–1987) Bill Clements (1987–1991) Ann Richards (Jan 1991) | |
| November 1, 1984 | January 31, 1991 | |||
| - | Tom Anderson (Interim) | February 1, 1991 | June 30, 1991 | Ann Richards |
| 6 | Lionel Meno | July 1, 1991 | March 1, 1995 | Ann Richards (1991–1995) George W. Bush (Feb-Mar 1995) |
| 7 | Michael Moses | March 9, 1995 | September 3, 1999 | George W. Bush |
| 8 | James Nelson | September 9, 1999 | March 31, 2002 | George W. Bush (1999–2000) Rick Perry (2000–2002) |
| 9 | Felipe T. Alanis | April 1, 2002 | July 31, 2003 | Rick Perry |
| - | Robert Scott (Interim) (1/2) | August 1, 2003 | January 12, 2004 | |
| 10 | Shirley J. Neeley | January 13, 2004 | July 1, 2007 | |
| 11 | Robert Scott (2/2) | Interim July 2, 2007 – October 15, 2007 | ||
| July 2, 2007 | July 2, 2012 | |||
| - | Todd Webster (Acting) | July 3, 2012 | August 31, 2012 | |
| 12 | Michael Williams | September 1, 2012 | December 31, 2015 | Rick Perry (2012–2015) Greg Abbott (2015) |
| 13 | Mike Morath | January 1, 2016 | Incumbent | Greg Abbott |
State Board of Education
TEA is overseen by a 15-member State Board of Education, elected from single-member districts[26] for four years.[27]
The board devises policies and sets academic standards for Texas public schools, and oversees the state Permanent School Fund and selects textbooks to be used in Texas schools.[28]
Since 2011, the board can still recommend textbooks, but public school districts can order their own books and materials even if their selections are not on the state-approved list. So far, most districts have continued to follow the state-endorsed textbooks, but that trend is expected to change in the next two years as the districts become more cognizant of their available options.[citation needed] Thomas Ratliff, a moderate Republican and the son of former Lieutenant Governor Bill Ratliff of Mount Pleasant, in 2010 unseated the Bryan dentist Don McLeroy, a former education board chairman who was the leader of the conservative bloc. Ratliff said in 2013 that the board is "far different" in political complexion that it was in 2010. Though the Republicans hold 9 of the 15 seats, social conservatives are no longer in the majority.[29]
After redistricting in 2021, all 15 seats will be up for re-election in 2022. Seven members will be randomly chosen to serve a two-year term to return to the previous staggered format.[30]
| District | Name | Party | First elected | Seat up |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Georgina C. Pérez, Secretary | Dem | 2016 | 2022 |
| 2 | Ruben Cortez, Jr. | Dem | 2012 | 2022 |
| 3 | Marisa B. Perez | Dem | 2012 | 2022 |
| 4 | Lawrence A. Allen, Jr. | Dem | 2004 | 2022 |
| 5 | Rebecca Bell-Metereau | Dem | 2020 | 2022 |
| 6 | Will Hickman | Rep | 2020 | 2022 |
| 7 | Matt Robinson | Rep | 2018 | 2022 |
| 8 | Audrey Young | Rep | 2020 | 2022 |
| 9 | Keven Ellis, Chair | Rep | 2016 | 2022 |
| 10 | Tom Maynard | Rep | 2012 | 2022 |
| 11 | Patricia Hardy | Rep | 2002 | 2022 |
| 12 | Pam Little, Vice Chair | Rep | 2018 | 2022 |
| 13 | Aicha Davis | Dem | 2018 | 2022 |
| 14 | Sue Melton-Malone | Rep | 2012 | 2022 |
| 15 | Jay Johnson | Rep | 2020 | 2022 |
Regions
To serve the large number of individual school districts and charter schools in Texas, TEA is divided into 20 regions, each containing an educational service center (sometimes called regional service center).
School and district accountability
Education performance rating
TEA rates schools and districts using the same four criteria. According to the TEA, the number of state schools and districts receiving the top ratings of "exemplary" and "recognized" increased from 2,213 in 2005 to 3,380 in 2006.[31] In 2020, all schools were given a "not rated" designator due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gold Performance acknowledgements
In addition to the state ranking, districts and schools can be awarded additional commendations (referred to as Gold Performance acknowledgements) for other noteworthy accomplishments not included in the ranking system.
Budget and enrollment
The Texas Education Agency is funded by the people of the State of Texas, at the direction of their elected legislature and with the consent of the Governor of Texas. The agency's budget must be approved on the legislature's biannual schedule. Revenues for the agency come from the state general fund (primarily sales taxes), the federal government, the Permanent School Fund (a sovereign wealth fund created by the state with revenues from public lands), and other sources.
| Year | Budget, for fiscal year ($) | % Budget change over prior year | Enrollment (for school year ending)[32] | Enrollment % change over prior year | State funding per pupil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | $33,338,021,662*[33] | 18% | - | - | |
| 2019 | $28,161,490,444[33] | 2% | - | - | |
| 2018 | $27,698,128,088[33] | 6% | 5,399,682 | 0.8 | $5,129.59 |
| 2017 | $26,186,545,591[34] | -4% | 5,359,127 | 1.1 | $4,886.35 |
| 2016 | $27,381,560,474[34] | 5% | 5,299,728 | 1.3 | $5,166.60 |
| 2015 | $26,112,248,988[35] | 4% | 5,232,065 | 1.6 | $4,990.81 |
| 2014 | $25,136,102,615[35] | - | 5,151,925 | 1.5 | $4,878.97 |
| 2013 | - | - | 5,075,840 | 1.5 | - |
| 2012 | - | - | 4,998,579 | 1.3 | - |
| 2011 | - | - | 4,933,617 | 1.8 | - |
| 2010 | - | - | 4,847,844 | 2.1 | - |
| 2009 | - | - | 4,749,571 | 1.7 | - |
| 2008 | - | - | 4,671,493 | 1.7 | - |
| 2007 | - | - | 4,594,942 | 1.6 | - |
| 2006 | - | - | 4,521,043 | 2.7 | - |
| 2005 | - | - | 4,400,644 | 1.7 | - |
| 2004 | - | - | 4,328,028 | 1.7 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 4,255,821 | 2.3 | - |
| 2002 | - | - | 4,160,968 | 2.2 | - |
| 2001 | - | - | 4,071,433 | 1.7 | - |
| 2000 | - | - | 4,002,227 | 1.2 | - |
| 1999 | - | - | 3,954,434 | 1.4 | - |
| 1998 | - | - | 3,900,488 | 1.7 | - |
| 1997 | - | - | 3,837,096 | 1.0 | - |
| 1996 | - | - | 3,799,032 | 1.8 | - |
| 1995 | - | - | 3,730,544 | 1.6 | - |
| 1994 | - | - | 3,672,198 | 3.7 | - |
| 1993 | - | - | 3,541,771 | 2.4 | - |
| 1992 | - | - | 3,460,378 | 2.4 | - |
| 1991 | - | - | 3,378,318 | 1.9 | - |
| 1990 | - | - | 3,316,785 | 1.4 | - |
| 1989 | - | - | 3,271,509 | 1.4 | - |
| 1988 | - | - | 3,224,916 | - | - |
- - Budget figure is projection; all other years are actual expenditure as reported by TEA
References
- ^ a b "Welcome to the Texas Education Agency." Texas Education Agency. Accessed December 13, 2015. "Texas Education Agency 1701 N. Congress Avenue Austin, Texas, 78701"
- ^ "" (Archive). Railroad Commission of Texas. Accessed August 30, 2008. "The daily hearings schedule is also posted in the lobby of the William B. Travis State Office Building, 1701 N. Congress Avenue, Austin, Texas."
- ^ "Morath takes office as Texas Commissioner of Education". tea.texas.gov. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
- ^ Cervantes, Bobby. "Chopping block: school district consolidation." San Antonio Express-News. February 22, 2011. Retrieved on May 9, 2011.
- ^ "Evolution Debate Led to Ouster, Official Says". New York Times. November 30, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
- ^ . Austin American-Statesman. November 29, 2007. Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
- ^ "Texas needs to get it right". National Center for Science Education. March 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
- ^ "Brenda Bernet, "Rewriting the history books: Educators reflect on state's curriculum changes," May 18, 2010". Amarillo Globe-News. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
- ^ "The Revisionaries". rottentomatoes.com. October 26, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ^ . Star-Telegram. March 27, 2009. Archived from the original on April 2, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2009.
- ^ Halkett, Kimberly. Texas looks to rewrite history. Al Jazeera. 9 April 2010.
- ^ a b Swaby, Aliyya (January 11, 2018). "Feds say Texas illegally failed to educate students with disabilities". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ a b "Denied: How Texas keeps out tens of thousands of children out of special education". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ "Denied: Schools push students out of special education to meet state limit". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ a b "Denied: Texas schools shut out English Language Learners". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ "Denied: Houston schools block disabled kids from special education". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Swaby, Aliyya (December 6, 2017). "Disability rights advocates call for Texas to halt education data mining contract". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- ^ Swaby, Aliyya (March 20, 2018). "In new plan, Texas Education Agency vows special education overhaul with limited dollars". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
- ^ Swaby, Aliyya (March 27, 2019). "Texas is preparing to tell the feds it can't promise a special education fix until June 2020". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
- ^ Swaby, Aliyya (January 9, 2020). "State judge temporarily blocks Texas from taking over Houston school district". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
- ^ Carpenter, Jacob (September 30, 2020). "TEA finds major failures in HISD's special ed department, recommends state oversight". HoustonChronicle.com. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
- ^ a b "Office of the Commissioner". Texas Education Agency. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
- ^ Collier, Kiah (December 14, 2015). "Dallas Trustee is Next Education Commissioner". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
- ^ "Commissioner's Biography". Texas Education Agency. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
- ^ "TEA Commissioners 1950-Present". Texas Education Agency. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
- ^ "District map (PDF)" (PDF).
- ^ a b "SBOE Members". Texas Education Agency. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
- ^ . Austin American-Statesman. April 24, 2009. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
- ^ Will Weissert, "Law weakens ed board", Laredo Morning Times, September 16, 2013, p. 6A
- ^ "Offices up for Election in 2022". www.sos.texas.gov. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ "Schools improve across the state". The Daily Texan. August 3, 2006. Archived from the original on February 21, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
- ^ "Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18" (PDF). State of Texas, Texas Education Agency. State of Texas. August 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2020" (PDF). State of Texas, Texas Education Agency. State of Texas. December 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ^ a b "Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2018" (PDF). State of Texas, Texas Education Agency. State of Texas. December 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ^ a b "Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2016" (PDF). State of Texas, Texas Education Agency. State of Texas. December 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
External links
- Official website
- Texas Education Agency from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Texas Education Agency recipient profile on USAspending.gov