Notosuchians were generally small, with slender bodies and erect limbs. The most distinctive characteristics are usually seen in the skull. Notosuchian skulls are generally short and deep. While most are relatively narrow, some are very broad. Simosuchus has a broadened skull and jaw that resembles a pug, while Anatosuchus has a broad, flat snout like that of a duck.
The teeth vary greatly between different genera. Many have heterodont dentitions that vary in shape across the jaw. Often, there are large canine-like teeth protruding from the front of the mouth and broader molar-like teeth in the back. Some genera, such as Yacarerani and Pakasuchus, have extremely mammal-like teeth. Their molars are complex and multicuspid, and are able to occlude or fit with one another. Some forms such as Malawisuchus had jaw joints that enabled them to move the jaw back and forth in a shearing motion rather than just up and down.
A derived group of notosuchians, the baurusuchids differ considerably from other forms. They are very large in comparison to other notosuchians and are exclusively carnivorous. Baurusuchids have deep skulls and prominent canine-like teeth.
The clade Notosuchia has undergone many recent phylogenetic revisions. In 2000, Notosuchia was proposed to be one of two groups within the clade Ziphosuchia, the other being Sebecosuchia, which included deep snouted forms such as baurusuchids and sebecids.[4] The definition of Notosuchia by Sereno et al. (2001) is similar to that of Ziphosuchia as it includes within it Sebecosuchia. Pol (2003) also includes Sebecosuchia within Notosuchia.[5] More recently, a phylogenetic analysis by Larsson and Sues (2007) resulted in the naming of a new clade, Sebecia, to include sebecids and peirosaurids.[6] Baurusuchidae was considered to be polyphyletic in this study, with Pabwehshi being a basal member of Sebecia and Baurusuchus being the sister taxon to the clade containing Neosuchia and Sebecia. Thus, Sebecosuchia was no longer within Notosuchia and not considered to be a true clade, while Notosuchia was found to be a basal clade of Metasuchia.
The following cladogram simplified after the most comprehensive analysis of notosuchians as of 2014, presented by Pol et al. in 2014. It is based mainly on the data matrix published by Pol et al. (2012) which is itself a modified version of previous analyses. Thirty-one additional characters were added from other comprehensive analyses of notosuchians, e.g. Turner and Sertich (2010), Andrade et al. (2011), Montefeltro et al. (2011), Larsson and Sues (2007), and Novas et al. (2009), and 34 characters were noval, resulting in a matrix that includes 109 crocodyliforms and outgroup taxa which are scored based on 412 morphological traits.[7]
This cladogram represents the results of the most comprehensive analysis of notosuchian relationships to date, performed in the description of Antaeusuchus taouzensis by Nicholl et al. 2021. It is largely based on the matrix from the above Pol et al. 2014 study, but also adding character scores from Leardi et al. 2015, Fiorelli et al. 2016, Leardi et al. 2018, and Martinez et al. 2018. The final matrix consisted of 121 taxa scored for 443 morphological traits.[8]
^ abDal Sasso C, Pasini G, Fleury G, Maganuco S. (2017) Razanandrongobe sakalavae, a gigantic mesoeucrocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar, is the oldest known notosuchian. PeerJ 5:e3481 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3481
^Gasparini, Z. (1971). "Los Notosuchia del Cretácico de América del Sur como un nuevo Infraorden de los Mesosuchia (Crocodilia)". Ameghiniana. 8: 83–103.
^Cubo, J.; Aubier, P.; Faure-Brac, M. G.; Martet, G.; Pellarin, R.; Pelletan, I.; Sena, M. V. A. (2022). "Paleohistological inferences of thermometabolic regimes inNotosuchia (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) revisited". Paleobiology: 1–11. doi:10.1017/pab.2022.28.
^ abOrtega, F. Z.; Buscalioni, A. D.; Calvo, J. O. (2000). "A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0057:ANSOAC]2.0.CO;2.
^ abPol, D. (2003). "New Remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23 (4): 817–831. doi:10.1671/A1015-7. S2CID 86592576.
^ abLarsson, H. C. E.; Sues, H.-D. (2007). "Cranial osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Hamadasuchus rebouli (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Cretaceous of Morocco". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (4): 533–567. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00271.x.
^Pol, D.; Nascimento, P. M.; Carvalho, A. B.; Riccomini, C.; Pires-Domingues, R. A.; Zaher, H. (2014). "A New Notosuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil and the Phylogeny of Advanced Notosuchians". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e93105. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...993105P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093105. PMC3973723. PMID 24695105.
^Nicholl CS, Hunt ES, Ouarhache D, Mannion PD (2021). "A second peirosaurid crocodyliform from the Mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of Morocco and the diversity of Gondwanan notosuchians outside South America". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (10): Article ID 211254. doi:10.1098/rsos.211254. PMC8511751. PMID 34659786.
August 31, 2023
notosuchia, suborder, primarily, gondwanan, mesoeucrocodylian, crocodylomorphs, that, lived, during, jurassic, cretaceous, some, phylogenies, recover, sebecosuchia, clade, within, others, sister, group, below, sebecosuchia, included, within, existence, pushed,. Notosuchia is a suborder of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous Some phylogenies recover Sebecosuchia as a clade within Notosuchia others as a sister group see below if Sebecosuchia is included within Notosuchia its existence is pushed into the Middle Miocene about 11 million years ago Fossils have been found from South America Africa Asia and Europe Notosuchia was a clade of terrestrial crocodilians that evolved a range of feeding behaviours including herbivory Chimaerasuchus omnivory Simosuchus and terrestrial hypercarnivory Baurusuchus It included many members with highly derived traits unusual for crocodylomorphs including mammal like teeth flexible bands of shield like body armor similar to those of armadillos Armadillosuchus and possibly fleshy cheeks and pig like snouts Notosuchus The suborder was first named in 1971 by Zulma Gasparini and has since undergone many phylogenetic revisions 2 NotosuchiaTemporal range Middle Jurassic Middle Miocene 167 11 Ma 1 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NMounted skeleton of the notosuchian Simosuchus clarki in the Royal Ontario MuseumScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaClade PseudosuchiaClade CrocodylomorphaClade MesoeucrocodyliaClade MetasuchiaClade ZiphosuchiaSuborder NotosuchiaGasparini 1971Families and genera Libycosuchus Razanandrongobe Simosuchus Candidodontidae Mahajangasuchidae Peirosauridae Uruguaysuchidae Xenodontosuchia Chimaerasuchidae Comahuesuchidae Sebecosuchia Sphagesauria Eptalofosuchus Coringasuchus Coronelsuchus Notosuchidae Sphagesauridae Contents 1 Description 2 Classification 2 1 Taxonomy 2 1 1 Genera 2 2 Phylogeny 3 ReferencesDescription EditNotosuchians were generally small with slender bodies and erect limbs The most distinctive characteristics are usually seen in the skull Notosuchian skulls are generally short and deep While most are relatively narrow some are very broad Simosuchus has a broadened skull and jaw that resembles a pug while Anatosuchus has a broad flat snout like that of a duck The teeth vary greatly between different genera Many have heterodont dentitions that vary in shape across the jaw Often there are large canine like teeth protruding from the front of the mouth and broader molar like teeth in the back Some genera such as Yacarerani and Pakasuchus have extremely mammal like teeth Their molars are complex and multicuspid and are able to occlude or fit with one another Some forms such as Malawisuchus had jaw joints that enabled them to move the jaw back and forth in a shearing motion rather than just up and down A derived group of notosuchians the baurusuchids differ considerably from other forms They are very large in comparison to other notosuchians and are exclusively carnivorous Baurusuchids have deep skulls and prominent canine like teeth Recent research found Araripesuchus wegeneri Armadillosuchus arrudai Baurusuchus Iberosuchus macrodon and Stratiotosuchus maxhechti were ectothermic organisms 3 Classification EditTaxonomy Edit Genera Edit The evolutionary interrelationships of Notosuchia are in flux but the following genera are generally considered notosuchians Genus Age Location Unit Notes ImagesAdamantinasuchus Turonian Santonian Brazil Adamantina Formation A carnivore with a very short high skull and large eye sockets Anatosuchus Aptian Albian Niger Tegama Group A small notosuchian under 1 metre 3 3 ft long with a duck like snout Araripesuchus Albian Maastrichtian Madagascar Niger Brazil Argentina Maevarano FormationEchkar FormationSantana FormationCandeleros Formation Six species are known the most of any notosuchian Armadillosuchus Turonian Santonian Brazil Adamantina Formation A sphagesaurid with armadillo like armor shields Baurusuchus Turonian Brazil Adamantina Formation A large hypercarnivore 3 5 to 4 metres 11 to 13 ft in length Caipirasuchus Turonian Santonian Brazil Adamantina FormationCampinasuchus Turonian Santonian Brazil Adamantina FormationCandidodon Albian Brazil Itapecuru FormationChimaerasuchus Aptian Albian China Wulong Formation The first notosuchian found with heterodont teeth thought to be a herbivoreComahuesuchus Santonian Argentina Bajo de la Carpa Formation Cynodontosuchus Coniacian Santonian Argentina Bajo de la Carpa FormationPichi Picun Leufu FormationLibycosuchus Cenomanian Egypt Nigeria Bahariya FormationMalawisuchus Early Cretaceous Malawi A possible burrower that could move its jaw back and forth while eatingMariliasuchus Campanian Maastrichtian Brazil Adamantina Formation Morrinhosuchus Turonian Santonian Brazil Adamantina Formation Notosuchus Coniacian Santonian Argentina Bajo de la Carpa Formation A notosuchian that may have had a pig like snout Pakasuchus Albian Tanzania A notosuchian with very complex mammal like heterodont teeth Pissarrachampsa Campanian Maastrichtian Brazil Vale do Rio do Peixe Formation Razanandrongobe Middle Jurassic Bathonian Madagascar Sakaraha Formation The earliest known member of the group 1 Simosuchus Maastrichtian Madagascar A broad snouted omnivore with clove shaped teeth Sphagesaurus Late Cretaceous Brazil Adamantina Formation An omnivorous notosuchianStratiotosuchus Turonian Santonian Brazil Adamantina Formation Uruguaysuchus Santonian Campanian Uruguay Wargosuchus Santonian Argentina Bajo de la Carpa FormationYacarerani Turonian Santonian Bolivia Cajones Formation A notosuchian with rabbit like incisors found in association with a probable nest Phylogeny Edit Cladograms of NotosuchiaOrtega et al 2000 4 Notosuchia NotosuchusLibycosuchusBaurusuchusIberosuchusSebecusItaborai crocodileBretesuchusPol 2003 5 Notosuchia UruguaysuchusSimosuchusMalawisuchusCandidodonNotosuchusComahuesuchusChimaerasuchusSphagesaurus Sebecosuchia BaurusuchusBretesuchusIberosuchusLarsson and Sues 2007 6 Metasuchia Notosuchia NotosuchusMalawisuchusAraripesuchusBaurusuchusNeosuchia Sebecia Pabwehshi Sebecidae SebecusBretesuchusPeirosauridae Taxa previously assigned to NotosuchiaThe clade Notosuchia has undergone many recent phylogenetic revisions In 2000 Notosuchia was proposed to be one of two groups within the clade Ziphosuchia the other being Sebecosuchia which included deep snouted forms such as baurusuchids and sebecids 4 The definition of Notosuchia by Sereno et al 2001 is similar to that of Ziphosuchia as it includes within it Sebecosuchia Pol 2003 also includes Sebecosuchia within Notosuchia 5 More recently a phylogenetic analysis by Larsson and Sues 2007 resulted in the naming of a new clade Sebecia to include sebecids and peirosaurids 6 Baurusuchidae was considered to be polyphyletic in this study with Pabwehshi being a basal member of Sebecia and Baurusuchus being the sister taxon to the clade containing Neosuchia and Sebecia Thus Sebecosuchia was no longer within Notosuchia and not considered to be a true clade while Notosuchia was found to be a basal clade of Metasuchia The following cladogram simplified after the most comprehensive analysis of notosuchians as of 2014 presented by Pol et al in 2014 It is based mainly on the data matrix published by Pol et al 2012 which is itself a modified version of previous analyses Thirty one additional characters were added from other comprehensive analyses of notosuchians e g Turner and Sertich 2010 Andrade et al 2011 Montefeltro et al 2011 Larsson and Sues 2007 and Novas et al 2009 and 34 characters were noval resulting in a matrix that includes 109 crocodyliforms and outgroup taxa which are scored based on 412 morphological traits 7 Notosuchia Uruguaysuchidae Araripesuchus tsangatsanganaAnatosuchusAraripesuchus wegeneriAraripesuchus buitreraensisAraripesuchus gomesiiAraripesuchus patagonicusUruguaysuchusStolokrosuchusMahajangasuchidae KaprosuchusMahajangasuchusPeirosauridae HamadasuchusGasparinisuchusLomasuchusMontealtosuchusUberabasuchusCandidodonZiphosuchia LibycosuchusSimosuchusMalawisuchusPakasuchusMorrinhosuchusNotosuchusCoringasuchusLabidiosuchusMariliasuchusSphagesauridae AdamantinasuchusYacareraniCaipirasuchus stenognathusCaipirasuchus paulistanusCaipirasuchus montealtensisSphagesaurusArmadillosuchusCaryonosuchusChimaerasuchusComahuesuchusSebecosuchia PabwehshiBaurusuchidae CynodontosuchusPissarrachampsaStratiotosuchusCampinasuchusBaurusuchus albertoiBaurusuchus pachecoiBaurusuchus salgadoensisBergisuchusIberosuchusSebecidae LorosuchusPehuenchesuchusBarinasuchusAyllusuchusBretesuchusLumbrera formLangstoniaSebecusZulmasuchusThis cladogram represents the results of the most comprehensive analysis of notosuchian relationships to date performed in the description of Antaeusuchus taouzensis by Nicholl et al 2021 It is largely based on the matrix from the above Pol et al 2014 study but also adding character scores from Leardi et al 2015 Fiorelli et al 2016 Leardi et al 2018 and Martinez et al 2018 The final matrix consisted of 121 taxa scored for 443 morphological traits 8 Notosuchia Uruguaysuchidae Araripesuchus tsangatsanganaAnatosuchusAraripesuchus wegeneriAraripesuchus buitreraensisAraripesuchus gomesiiAraripesuchus patagonicusUruguaysuchusMahajangasuchidae KaprosuchusMahajangasuchusPeirosauridae StolokrosuchusBayomesasuchusHamadasuchusAntaeusuchusMiadanasuchusBarrosasuchusGasparinisuchusRukwasuchusUberabasuchusLomasuchusMontealtosuchusCandidodonZiphosuchia LibycosuchusSimosuchusNeuquensuchusPakasuchusMalawisuchusXenodontosuchia Sphagesauria MorrinhosuchusLlanosuchusNotosuchusLabidiosuchusMariliasuchusSphagesauridae AdamantinasuchusYacareraniCaipirasuchusSphagesaurusCaryonosuchusArmadillosuchusChimaerasuchusComahuesuchusRazanandrongobeSebecosuchia Baurusuchidae CynodontosuchusPissarrachampsaCampinasuchusStratiosuchusBaurusuchusBergisuchusIberosuchusSebecidae AyllusuchusBretesuchusBarinasuchusOgresuchusSebecusReferences Edit a b Dal Sasso C Pasini G Fleury G Maganuco S 2017 Razanandrongobe sakalavae a gigantic mesoeucrocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar is the oldest known notosuchian PeerJ 5 e3481 https doi org 10 7717 peerj 3481 Gasparini Z 1971 Los Notosuchia del Cretacico de America del Sur como un nuevo Infraorden de los Mesosuchia Crocodilia Ameghiniana 8 83 103 Cubo J Aubier P Faure Brac M G Martet G Pellarin R Pelletan I Sena M V A 2022 Paleohistological inferences of thermometabolic regimes inNotosuchia Pseudosuchia Crocodylomorpha revisited Paleobiology 1 11 doi 10 1017 pab 2022 28 a b Ortega F Z Buscalioni A D Calvo J O 2000 A new species of Araripesuchus Crocodylomorpha Mesoeucrocodylia from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia Argentina Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 1 57 76 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2000 020 0057 ANSOAC 2 0 CO 2 a b Pol D 2003 New Remains of Sphagesaurus huenei Crocodylomorpha Mesoeucrocodylia from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 4 817 831 doi 10 1671 A1015 7 S2CID 86592576 a b Larsson H C E Sues H D 2007 Cranial osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Hamadasuchus rebouli Crocodyliformes Mesoeucrocodylia from the Cretaceous of Morocco Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 4 533 567 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 2007 00271 x Pol D Nascimento P M Carvalho A B Riccomini C Pires Domingues R A Zaher H 2014 A New Notosuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil and the Phylogeny of Advanced Notosuchians PLOS ONE 9 4 e93105 Bibcode 2014PLoSO 993105P doi 10 1371 journal pone 0093105 PMC 3973723 PMID 24695105 Nicholl CS Hunt ES Ouarhache D Mannion PD 2021 A second peirosaurid crocodyliform from the Mid Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of Morocco and the diversity of Gondwanan notosuchians outside South America Royal Society Open Science 8 10 Article ID 211254 doi 10 1098 rsos 211254 PMC 8511751 PMID 34659786 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Notosuchia amp oldid 1169946302, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
