"Warft" redirects here. For the nonprofit organization, see WARFT.
A terp, also known as a wierde, woerd, warf, warft, werf, werve, wurt or værft, is an artificial dwelling mound found on the North European Plain that has been created to provide safe ground during storm surges, high tides and sea or river flooding. The various terms used reflect the regional dialects of the North European region.
Terp on the hallig of HoogeHalligwarft während einer Sturmflut, "Hallig terp during a storm tide"; a dramatic 1906 illustration1862 illustrationWesterwerft on Hallig HoogeHallig Gröde from the East, showing the Kirchwarft and the Knudswarft (mouseover markings)On Hamburger Hallig
These mounds occur in the coastal parts of the Netherlands (in the provinces of Zeeland, Friesland and Groningen), in southern parts of Denmark and in the north-western parts of Germany where, before dykes were made, floodwater interfered with daily life. These can be found especially in the region Ostfriesland and Kreis Nordfriesland in Germany. In Kreis Nordfriesland on the Halligen, people still live on terps unprotected by dykes. Terps also occur in the Rhine and Meuse river plains in the central part of the Netherlands. Furthermore, terps can be found more to the south in the province North Holland, like Avendorp near the town of Schagen, and in the towns of Bredene en Leffinge near Oostende in Belgium. Other terps can be found at the mouth of the river IJssel like the one at the hamlet Kampereiland, the province Overijssel and on the former Island of Schokland in the former Zuiderzee, today the reclaimed land Noordoostpolder. Even underneath the town of Den Helder in the north of the province North Holland lies an old terp, named Het Torp.
Terpen were built to "curb natural influences" such as floods by being a part of a network of terpen that rerouted large-scale flooding.[1]
Historical Frisian settlements were built on artificial terpen up to 15 metres (49 ft) high to be safe from the floods in periods of rising sea levels. The first terp-building period dates to 500 BC, the second from 200 BC to 50 BC. In the mid-3rd century, the rise of sea level was so dramatic that the clay district was deserted, and settlers returned only around AD 400. A third terp-building period dates from AD 700 (Old Frisian times). This ended with the coming of the dike somewhere around 1200. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many terps were destroyed to use the fertile soil they contained to fertilize farm fields. Terpen were usually well fertilized by the decay of the rubbish and personal waste deposited by their inhabitants over centuries.
Wierden in the province of Groningenedit
In the Dutch province of Groningen an artificial dwelling mound is called a wierde (plural wierden). As in Friesland, the first wierde was built around 500 BC or maybe earlier.
List of artificial dwelling moundsedit
Place names in the Frisian coastal region ending in -werd, -ward, -uert etc. refer to the fact that the village was built on an artificial dwelling mound (wierde). The greater part of the terp villages, though, have names ending in -um, from -heem or -hiem, meaning (farm)yard, grounds. There are a few village names in Friesland ending with -terp (e.g. Ureterp), referring not to a dwelling mound but merely to the Old Frisian word for village. The first element of the toponyms is quite often a person's name or is simply describing the environmental features of the settlement (e.g. Rasquert (prov. Groningen) Riazuurđ: wierde with reed, where reed grows).
Some 1,200 terpen are recorded in Groningen and Friesland alone. They range from abandoned settlements to mounds with only one or a few farmhouses, to larger villages and old towns. A few of them are listed below.
Dirk Meier (2006), Die Nordseeküste: Geschichte einer Landschaft (in German), Heide: Boyens, ISBN978-3-8042-1182-7
Moritz Heyne (1899): Das deutsche Wohnungswesen. Von den ältesten geschichtlichen Zeiten bis zum 16. Jahrhundert, Bremen 2012.
Referencesedit
^ abRietbergen, P. J. A. N. (2000). A Short History of the Netherlands: From Prehistory to the Present Day (4th ed.). Amersfoort: Bekking. p. 13. ISBN90-6109-440-2. OCLC 52849131.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warft.
Look up terp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Warften/Wurten (page of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History)
Webseite zu den Warftendörfern Ziallerns und Rysum (private site)
Historical site of Wüppel in the Wangerland
Water supply in the North Frisian Marshland (private site)
Manual making a Terp in 12 Steps (post of the Frisia Coast Trail)
Vereniging voor terpenonderzoek (Foundation for terp research, the Netherlands)
January 09, 2024
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For other uses see Terp disambiguation Warft redirects here For the nonprofit organization see WARFT A terp also known as a wierde woerd warf warft werf werve wurt or vaerft is an artificial dwelling mound found on the North European Plain that has been created to provide safe ground during storm surges high tides and sea or river flooding The various terms used reflect the regional dialects of the North European region Terp on the hallig of HoogeHalligwarft wahrend einer Sturmflut Hallig terp during a storm tide a dramatic 1906 illustration1862 illustrationWesterwerft on Hallig HoogeHallig Grode from the East showing the Kirchwarft and the Knudswarft mouseover markings On Hamburger HalligThese mounds occur in the coastal parts of the Netherlands in the provinces of Zeeland Friesland and Groningen in southern parts of Denmark and in the north western parts of Germany where before dykes were made floodwater interfered with daily life These can be found especially in the region Ostfriesland and Kreis Nordfriesland in Germany In Kreis Nordfriesland on the Halligen people still live on terps unprotected by dykes Terps also occur in the Rhine and Meuse river plains in the central part of the Netherlands Furthermore terps can be found more to the south in the province North Holland like Avendorp near the town of Schagen and in the towns of Bredene en Leffinge near Oostende in Belgium Other terps can be found at the mouth of the river IJssel like the one at the hamlet Kampereiland the province Overijssel and on the former Island of Schokland in the former Zuiderzee today the reclaimed land Noordoostpolder Even underneath the town of Den Helder in the north of the province North Holland lies an old terp named Het Torp Contents 1 Terpen in the province of Friesland 2 Wierden in the province of Groningen 3 List of artificial dwelling mounds 3 1 Friesland 3 2 Groningen 3 3 Northern Germany 4 See also 5 Literature 6 References 7 External linksTerpen in the province of Friesland editIn the Dutch province of Friesland an artificial dwelling hill is called terp plural terpen 1 Terp means village in Old Frisian and is cognate with English thorp Danish torp German Dorf modern West Frisian doarp and Dutch dorp Terpen were built to curb natural influences such as floods by being a part of a network of terpen that rerouted large scale flooding 1 Historical Frisian settlements were built on artificial terpen up to 15 metres 49 ft high to be safe from the floods in periods of rising sea levels The first terp building period dates to 500 BC the second from 200 BC to 50 BC In the mid 3rd century the rise of sea level was so dramatic that the clay district was deserted and settlers returned only around AD 400 A third terp building period dates from AD 700 Old Frisian times This ended with the coming of the dike somewhere around 1200 During the 18th and 19th centuries many terps were destroyed to use the fertile soil they contained to fertilize farm fields Terpen were usually well fertilized by the decay of the rubbish and personal waste deposited by their inhabitants over centuries Wierden in the province of Groningen editIn the Dutch province of Groningen an artificial dwelling mound is called a wierde plural wierden As in Friesland the first wierde was built around 500 BC or maybe earlier List of artificial dwelling mounds editPlace names in the Frisian coastal region ending in werd ward uert etc refer to the fact that the village was built on an artificial dwelling mound wierde The greater part of the terp villages though have names ending in um from heem or hiem meaning farm yard grounds There are a few village names in Friesland ending with terp e g Ureterp referring not to a dwelling mound but merely to the Old Frisian word for village The first element of the toponyms is quite often a person s name or is simply describing the environmental features of the settlement e g Rasquert prov Groningen Riazuurđ wierde with reed where reed grows Some 1 200 terpen are recorded in Groningen and Friesland alone They range from abandoned settlements to mounds with only one or a few farmhouses to larger villages and old towns A few of them are listed below Friesland edit Aalsum West Frisian Ealsum Bolsward Boalsert Britsum Cornwerd Koarnwert Dokkum Ee Ferwert Ginnum Hegebeintum Hitzum Jannum Jouswier Leeuwarden Ljouwert Metslawier Wijnaldum Groningen edit Adorp Bedum Bierum Ezinge Feerwerd Garnwerd Godlinze Holwierde Leens Middelstum Niehove Rottum Saaksum Spijk Stitswerd Ulrum Usquert Wirdum Northern Germany edit Loquard East Frisia Rysum East Frisia Eckwarden Butjadingen Itzwarden Land Wursten See also editPlatform mound Tell archaeology CrannogLiterature editDirk Meier 2006 Die Nordseekuste Geschichte einer Landschaft in German Heide Boyens ISBN 978 3 8042 1182 7 Moritz Heyne 1899 Das deutsche Wohnungswesen Von den altesten geschichtlichen Zeiten bis zum 16 Jahrhundert Bremen 2012 References edit a b Rietbergen P J A N 2000 A Short History of the Netherlands From Prehistory to the Present Day 4th ed Amersfoort Bekking p 13 ISBN 90 6109 440 2 OCLC 52849131 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warft nbsp Look up terp in Wiktionary the free dictionary Warften Wurten page of the Society for Schleswig Holstein History Webseite zu den Warftendorfern Ziallerns und Rysum private site Historical site of Wuppel in the Wangerland Water supply in the North Frisian Marshland private site Manual making a Terp in 12 Steps post of the Frisia Coast Trail Vereniging voor terpenonderzoek Foundation for terp research the Netherlands Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terp amp oldid 1183822141, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
