Taungoo (Burmese: တောင်ငူမြို့; MLCTS: taung ngu mrui., pronounced [tàʊɰ̃ŋù mjo̰]Tauñngu myoú; S'gaw Karen: တီအူ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms, to the extent that a Burmese proverb for unexpected good fortune is equated to a "betel lover winning a trip to Taungoo".
The city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552.
Taungoo was founded in 1279 in the waning days of Pagan as part of frontier expansion southwards. After the fall of Pagan Empire in 1287, Taungoo came under the rule of Myinsaing Kingdom and later Pinya Kingdom. In 1358, Taungoo successfully revolted and became independent until 1367 when it became a nominal part of the Ava Kingdom. Its rulers retained a large degree of autonomy, playing larger Ava and Hanthawaddy kingdoms against each other. In 1470, Ava put down another rebellion and made Sithu Kyawhtin, the general who defeated the rebellion, governor. Sithu Kyawhtin's grandson Mingyi Nyo became governor of Taungoo in 1485. Under Mingyi Nyo's leadership, the principality grew powerful. In October 1510, Mingyi Nyo formally broke away from Ava and founded the Taungoo Kingdom.[3]
Mingyi Nyo's successors Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung went on to found the largest empire in the history of south-east Asia.[4] Taungoo's stint as capital was short-lived, however. Tabinshwehti moved the kingdom's capital to Pegu (Bago) in 1539. The city briefly again became capital of a rebellion in 1599 when viceroyMinye Thihathu II of Taungoo declared himself king. In December 1599, Taungoo's forces in collaboration with the Arakanese armies aided by Portuguese mercenaries, sacked Pegu. The rebellious city state remained independent for another 10 years when Natshinnaung ascended the Taungoo throne in 1609. In the following year, King Anaukpetlun captured Taungoo and ended the city's long line of rulers.[5] Although few visible historic remains survive, all four sides of the brick city wall remain from the dynastic period, with the exception of the part of the southern wall. The 9.6 m wide moat has largely dried up, except for a section on the eastern side, which is still maintained.
By the mid-19th century, Taungoo was governed by a local governor appointed by the Konbaung kings. The Taungoo District consisted of 52 wards, including today's Pyinmana (and Naypyidaw) regions. The district was cut in half after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The British annexed the southern half, including the city of Taungoo while the northern portion, including Pyinmana and Ela, remained under Burmese control.[6] British troops were withdrawn in 1893.[7]
In 1940, the British Royal Air Force built an airfield north of the town, which from August 1941 through February 1942 served as a training and support base for the 1st American Volunteer Group, popularly known as the Flying Tigers.
Taungoo celebrated its 500th birthday on 16 October 2010, by reconstructing and renovating many city attractions.[3]
Geography
Three mountain ranges traverse the district—the Pegu Yomas, the Karen Hills, and the Nat Ma Taung or "Great Watershed"—all of which have a north and south direction, and are covered for the most part with dense forest. The Pegu Yomas have a general elevation of from 800 to 1,200 feet (240 to 370 m), while the central range averages from 2,000 to 3,000 feet (610 to 910 m). The rest of Taungoo forms the upper portion of the valley of the Sittaung River.[7]
Climate
Taungoo has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Temperatures are hot throughout the year, and the months before the monsoon (March–May) are especially hot with average maximum temperatures exceeding 35 °C (95 °F). There is a winter dry season (November–March) and a summer wet season (April–October).
Climate data for Taungoo (1981–2010, extremes 1942–1994)
Naw Bu Paw Mountain (Kayin State, over sea level 4,824 ft)
Than Daung Kyi Mountain city
Investigative bodies
Military Intelligence No.3 (MI)
Special Intelligence (Special Branch) SB
Bureau of special investigations (BSI)
Special Police Force
Narcotic
Demographics
The population of Taungoo in the 2014 census was 108,569; in the 1983 census it was 65,851.[1]
The Bamar (Burmans) make up the majority with a significant Kayin (Karen) population on the eastern side of the city. The Chinese, Indians, Shan and Kayah people make up the rest.
The main transport options to Taungoo is rail and motorways.
Rail
The Taungoo railway station is on the main north line of Myanmar Railways, and the Taungoo Highway bus station is served by domestic bus lines.
Intra-city transport is mainly through a circular railway line which serves around the Taungoo District and bus lines, which serve downtown, and suburban areas:
Taungoo Railway Station
Gandawin Express Bus
Yoma Express Bus
Zay Yar Shwe Pyi Express Bus
Say Taman Express Bus
Sein Myittar Express Bus
Shwe Man Thu Express Bus
Taw Win Express Bus (Naypyitaw)
Tabin Shwehtee Express Bus
Mya Yadana Express Bus (Mandalay)
Shwe Lonn Pyan Express Bus (Taungyi)
Pyu Min Thar (Pyay)
Roads
There are two main road bridges: over the Sittaung River and the Kaphaung River.
Air
Taungoo Airport is the area's only airport and is a military-only air base of Myanmar Air Force. MAF's No.47 Helicopter Squadron is stationed at the airport.
Dr. Saw Durmay (Po Min) (fl. 1928), president of Loyal Karen Association of Burma-India, owner of white elephant and descendant of Karen chief priest[10][11]
Ringo aka Maung Maung Lwin, singer, composer, and guitarist[12]
Kyar Pauk aka Han Htue Lwin, singer, composer, music producer, vocalist of Big Bag band and guitarist[13]
^ abShwe Yinnma Oo (2 August 2010). . The Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2010.
^Victor B Lieberman (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–154.
^Maung Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. p. 140.
^Sir James George Scott, John Percy Hardiman (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2. Vol. 3. Printed by the superintendent, Government printing, Burma. p. 374.
^ abOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Toungoo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
^(PDF). Norwegian Meteorological Institute. pp. 23–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ "Toungoo (Myanmar)" (PDF). Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
taungoo, confused, with, taungyo, burmese, mlcts, taung, mrui, pronounced, tàʊɰ, ŋù, tauñngu, myoú, karen, also, spelled, toungoo, district, level, city, bago, region, myanmar, from, yangon, towards, north, eastern, division, with, mountain, ranges, east, west. Not to be confused with Taungyo Taungoo Burmese တ င င မ MLCTS taung ngu mrui pronounced taʊɰ ŋu mjo Taunngu myou S gaw Karen တ အ also spelled Toungoo is a district level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar 220 km from Yangon towards the north eastern end of the division with mountain ranges to the east and west The main industry is in forestry products with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains The city is known for its areca palms to the extent that a Burmese proverb for unexpected good fortune is equated to a betel lover winning a trip to Taungoo Toungoo တ င င မ CityToungooLocation in BurmaCoordinates 18 56 N 96 26 E 18 933 N 96 433 E 18 933 96 433Country MyanmarDivision Bago RegionDistrictTaungoo DistrictFounded17 April 1279Government TypeDistrict government and Township governmentPopulation 2014 1 Urban108 569 EthnicitiesBurman Karen ReligionsTheravada Buddhism ChristianityTime zoneUTC 6 30 MST Old postcard The city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510 1539 and 1551 1552 Kaytumadi new city new city of Taungoo is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces Tatmadaw Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo Contents 1 Names 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Administration 5 1 Emergency 5 2 Military and Internal Security 5 3 Attractions 5 4 Investigative bodies 6 Demographics 7 Transport 7 1 Rail 7 2 Roads 7 3 Air 8 Education 8 1 High schools 8 2 Public universities and colleges 8 3 Nursing and midwifery schools 8 4 Divinity schools 9 Healthcare 10 Major sites 10 1 Pagodas 11 Notable residents 12 Media 13 Gallery 14 References 15 External linksNames EditThe classical Pali name of Taungoo is Ketumadi က တ မဒ Pali Ketumadi which translates to possessed of the royal standard 2 History EditMain articles Taungoo Dynasty and First Toungoo Empire Taungoo was founded in 1279 in the waning days of Pagan as part of frontier expansion southwards After the fall of Pagan Empire in 1287 Taungoo came under the rule of Myinsaing Kingdom and later Pinya Kingdom In 1358 Taungoo successfully revolted and became independent until 1367 when it became a nominal part of the Ava Kingdom Its rulers retained a large degree of autonomy playing larger Ava and Hanthawaddy kingdoms against each other In 1470 Ava put down another rebellion and made Sithu Kyawhtin the general who defeated the rebellion governor Sithu Kyawhtin s grandson Mingyi Nyo became governor of Taungoo in 1485 Under Mingyi Nyo s leadership the principality grew powerful In October 1510 Mingyi Nyo formally broke away from Ava and founded the Taungoo Kingdom 3 Mingyi Nyo s successors Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung went on to found the largest empire in the history of south east Asia 4 Taungoo s stint as capital was short lived however Tabinshwehti moved the kingdom s capital to Pegu Bago in 1539 The city briefly again became capital of a rebellion in 1599 when viceroy Minye Thihathu II of Taungoo declared himself king In December 1599 Taungoo s forces in collaboration with the Arakanese armies aided by Portuguese mercenaries sacked Pegu The rebellious city state remained independent for another 10 years when Natshinnaung ascended the Taungoo throne in 1609 In the following year King Anaukpetlun captured Taungoo and ended the city s long line of rulers 5 Although few visible historic remains survive all four sides of the brick city wall remain from the dynastic period with the exception of the part of the southern wall The 9 6 m wide moat has largely dried up except for a section on the eastern side which is still maintained By the mid 19th century Taungoo was governed by a local governor appointed by the Konbaung kings The Taungoo District consisted of 52 wards including today s Pyinmana and Naypyidaw regions The district was cut in half after the Second Anglo Burmese War The British annexed the southern half including the city of Taungoo while the northern portion including Pyinmana and Ela remained under Burmese control 6 British troops were withdrawn in 1893 7 In 1940 the British Royal Air Force built an airfield north of the town which from August 1941 through February 1942 served as a training and support base for the 1st American Volunteer Group popularly known as the Flying Tigers In the Battle of the Yunnan Burma Road in 1942 the Imperial Japanese Army attacked the Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma in what is known as the Battle of Toungoo Taungoo celebrated its 500th birthday on 16 October 2010 by reconstructing and renovating many city attractions 3 Geography EditThree mountain ranges traverse the district the Pegu Yomas the Karen Hills and the Nat Ma Taung or Great Watershed all of which have a north and south direction and are covered for the most part with dense forest The Pegu Yomas have a general elevation of from 800 to 1 200 feet 240 to 370 m while the central range averages from 2 000 to 3 000 feet 610 to 910 m The rest of Taungoo forms the upper portion of the valley of the Sittaung River 7 Climate EditTaungoo has a tropical savanna climate Koppen climate classification Aw bordering on a tropical monsoon climate Koppen climate classification Am Temperatures are hot throughout the year and the months before the monsoon March May are especially hot with average maximum temperatures exceeding 35 C 95 F There is a winter dry season November March and a summer wet season April October Climate data for Taungoo 1981 2010 extremes 1942 1994 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 35 6 96 1 40 0 104 0 42 8 109 0 42 8 109 0 42 2 108 0 38 9 102 0 37 2 99 0 36 1 97 0 37 2 99 0 37 2 99 0 35 0 95 0 38 9 102 0 42 8 109 0 Average high C F 30 9 87 6 33 9 93 0 36 6 97 9 37 9 100 2 35 1 95 2 31 1 88 0 30 2 86 4 30 1 86 2 31 6 88 9 32 7 90 9 31 5 88 7 30 2 86 4 32 7 90 9 Average low C F 15 0 59 0 16 5 61 7 20 4 68 7 24 3 75 7 24 6 76 3 23 9 75 0 23 7 74 7 23 8 74 8 23 8 74 8 23 3 73 9 20 4 68 7 16 5 61 7 21 4 70 5 Record low C F 8 3 46 9 8 3 46 9 12 2 54 0 16 1 61 0 13 9 57 0 18 3 64 9 21 1 70 0 20 0 68 0 17 8 64 0 17 8 64 0 12 2 54 0 9 4 48 9 8 3 46 9 Average rainfall mm inches 2 6 0 10 4 0 0 16 7 3 0 29 32 6 1 28 204 3 8 04 355 9 14 01 417 7 16 44 451 7 17 78 282 5 11 12 149 9 5 90 48 0 1 89 2 6 0 10 1 959 1 77 13 Source 1 Norwegian Meteorological Institute 8 Source 2 Sistema de Clasificacion Bioclimatica Mundial records 9 Administration EditTaungoo District The district combined have a total of 6 townships They are Taungoo Phyu Yedashe Tantabin Kyaukkyi Oktwin Taungoo Township Taungoo Ward 23 Wards Taungoo Municipal District and Township Immigration Dept Myanmar Timber Enterprise Finance and Tax Dept Civil Engineering Dept District and Township Education Dept Health Dept District and Township Forestry Dept MPPE Taungoo Correctional Dept Taungoo Prison Taungoo Quarry Camp Taungoo Post Office Taungoo TeleCom station Myanmar Television Sub station Myawady Television Sub station Union Solidarity and Development Association Myanmar Maternal Children s Welfare Association Myanmar Women Affair Federation Division 5 Railways Office Taungoo Township and District Courts Maha Myittar Education FoundationEmergency Edit No 1 Police Station Taungoo No 2 Police Station Taungoo No 3 Police Station Taungoo Taungoo Apala Police Station Taungoo District Police Force Taungoo Township Police Force Division 5 Railways Police Force Taungoo Taungoo Motor Vehicle Police Station Taungoo Fire Station Command 1 Support Vehicle Taungoo Township Fire Station No 1 3 Engines Taungoo Township Fire Station No 2 2 Engines Myanmar Red Cross Society Taungoo Ambulance Electrical Department Taungoo Weather Station Bureau of Special InvestigationMilitary and Internal Security Edit Southern Command Kaytumadi new city Taungoo Air Force Base No 47 Helicopters Squadron Amoury Division Oak Twin Artillery Division Oak Twin Police Battalion Taungoo Training School No 3 Field Medical Battalion Bureau of Special Investigation Training School Taungoo Prison DepartmentAttractions Edit Shwe San Taw Pagoda Build by King Min Gyi Nyo Kaung Hmu Taw Pagoda Mya See Gone Pagoda Myat Saw Nyi Naung Pagoda Kaylazarti Pagoda Build by King Bayintnaung Statue of King Bayintnaung Statue of King Min Gyi Nyo Statue of Bogyoke Aung San Kantawgyi Garden Royal Kaytumadi Hotel Design by Old Taungoo Taungoo Kyone Taungoo Gyi old city Taungoo Nge old city Dwaryarwadi old city Danyawadi old city Phoe Kyar Elephant garden Pathi Cheek Sittaung River Naw Bu Paw Mountain Kayin State over sea level 4 824 ft Than Daung Kyi Mountain cityInvestigative bodies Edit Military Intelligence No 3 MI Special Intelligence Special Branch SB Bureau of special investigations BSI Special Police Force NarcoticDemographics EditThe population of Taungoo in the 2014 census was 108 569 in the 1983 census it was 65 851 1 The Bamar Burmans make up the majority with a significant Kayin Karen population on the eastern side of the city The Chinese Indians Shan and Kayah people make up the rest The majority of residents are Theravada Buddhists and minority Baptists and Roman Catholics Taungoo is home to a number of Karen Christian association headquarters and churches See list of churches Transport EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Yangon Taungoo Mandalay railway The main transport options to Taungoo is rail and motorways Rail Edit The Taungoo railway station is on the main north line of Myanmar Railways and the Taungoo Highway bus station is served by domestic bus lines Intra city transport is mainly through a circular railway line which serves around the Taungoo District and bus lines which serve downtown and suburban areas Taungoo Railway Station Gandawin Express Bus Yoma Express Bus Zay Yar Shwe Pyi Express Bus Say Taman Express Bus Sein Myittar Express Bus Shwe Man Thu Express Bus Taw Win Express Bus Naypyitaw Tabin Shwehtee Express Bus Mya Yadana Express Bus Mandalay Shwe Lonn Pyan Express Bus Taungyi Pyu Min Thar Pyay Roads Edit There are two main road bridges over the Sittaung River and the Kaphaung River Air Edit Taungoo Airport is the area s only airport and is a military only air base of Myanmar Air Force MAF s No 47 Helicopter Squadron is stationed at the airport Education Edit Basic Education High School 4 High schools Edit Taungoo has eleven high schools see List of high schools in Taungoo Public universities and colleges Edit Taungoo University Taungoo Educational College University of Computer Studies Technological University Government Technical InstituteNursing and midwifery schools Edit Taungoo Nursing Training School Taungoo Midwifery Training SchoolDivinity schools Edit Paku Divinity School St Peter s Bible School Anglican Healthcare EditTaungoo General Hospital Taungoo Railways Hospital Taungoo Traditional Hospital Defence Services General Hospital Thaw Thee Kho Hospital Kaytu Hospital Royal Hospital Myat Thitsar HospitalMajor sites Edit Kandawgyi Thargaya Elephant Camp Kandawggyi Garden Kaytumaddy Garden Kaphaung Creek Bridge Sittaung Bridge Electronic Library Taungoo Gym Taungoo Stadium Kha Baung Hall Taungoo Municipal Market Taungoo Market Bayinnaung Market Kayinmazay Market New 3D Cinema Statue of Min Gyi Nyo Statue of Ba Yint Naung Statue of Bogoke Aung San Icon Shopping Center Taungoo Mingalar Cinemas Icon Taungoo Statue of King Minkyinyo Pagodas Edit Shwesandaw Pagoda Myasigon Pagoda Kaung Mhu Daw Pagoda Myat Saw Nyi Naung Pagoda Ma Har Mu Ni Kay La Zar Ti Pagoda Nann Taw Oo Pagoda See Gone Gyi Pagoda Old Taungoo Mya Lane Da Pagoda Old Taungoo Notable residents EditDr Saw Durmay Po Min fl 1928 president of Loyal Karen Association of Burma India owner of white elephant and descendant of Karen chief priest 10 11 Ringo aka Maung Maung Lwin singer composer and guitarist 12 Kyar Pauk aka Han Htue Lwin singer composer music producer vocalist of Big Bag band and guitarist 13 Naw Li Zar singer and composer 14 Saw Say Wah chairman of Eastern Bago Division Anti Drug Association and retired chief of police deputy director 15 Soe Pyae Thazin actressMedia EditMTV or MTV1 broadcasts in Burmese language MTV2 broadcast in Burmese language and some local languages MTV4 24 hour sport channel pay TV MTV3 broadcasts in Thai Khmer Vietnamese and English pay TV MRTV broadcasts in Burmese Arakanese Shan Karen Kachin Kayah Chin Mon and English MWD 1 2 1 MRTV3 2 The Mirror Burmese က မ Burmese ၾက မ Kyehmonn state run daily newspaper The Voice newspaper Eleven newspaper 7Days newspaper The New Light of Myanmar Burmese Myanma A lin English and Burmese language newspaper The Myanmar Times Burmese Myanma Taing private run English language weekly newspaper Myanmar Radio National Service Radio VOA Radio BBC Radio Myanmar Teleport ISP Information Technology Central Services ITCS ISP Myanmar Post and Telecommunication MPT ISP Mandalay FM Shwe FM Channel 7 Digital broadcasting free to air channel MRTV 4 Digital and analogue free to air channelGallery Edit Myazigon Pagoda Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Cathedral Taungoo Burmese Baptist Church Trinity Karen Baptist Church Paku Town Karen Baptist Church No 5 State High School Taungoo No 4 State High School Taungoo Hsaw Hti Thaw Karen Baptist Church Paku Karen Baptist AssociationReferences Edit a b Myanmar City Population Retrieved 10 May 2018 The Baptist Missionary Magazine 1856 a b Shwe Yinnma Oo 2 August 2010 Taungoo prepares for 500th birthday The Myanmar Times Archived from the original on 4 August 2010 Victor B Lieberman 2003 Strange Parallels Southeast Asia in Global Context c 800 1830 volume 1 Integration on the Mainland Cambridge University Press pp 150 154 Maung Htin Aung 1967 A History of Burma New York and London Cambridge University Press p 140 Sir James George Scott John Percy Hardiman 1901 Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States Part 2 Vol 3 Printed by the superintendent Government printing Burma p 374 a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Toungoo Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 27 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 101 Myanmar Climate Report PDF Norwegian Meteorological Institute pp 23 36 Archived from the original PDF on 8 October 2018 Retrieved 30 November 2018 Toungoo Myanmar PDF Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociologicas Retrieved 13 December 2018 Saw Durmay Po Min in Myanmar Koehl D Elephant Encyclopedia Archived from the original on 1 June 2013 Retrieved 6 July 2012 San C Po Dr 1928 VII Karen Celebrities Burma and the Karens London Elliott Stock MyanmarMp3 net Archived from the original on 25 November 2011 Retrieved 6 July 2012 MyanmarMp3 net Archived from the original on 25 November 2011 Retrieved 6 July 2012 MyanmarMp3 net Archived from the original on 25 November 2010 Retrieved 6 July 2012 Kayin People s Party Archived from the original on 6 March 2013 Retrieved 12 March 2013 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taungoo San C Po Dr 1928 Burma and the Karens London Elliott Stock TaungooPreceded byAva Capital of Burma16 October 1510 January 1539 Succeeded byBagoPreceded byBago Capital of Burma11 January 1551 12 March 1552 Succeeded byBagoCoordinates 18 56 N 96 26 E 18 933 N 96 433 E 18 933 96 433 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Taungoo amp oldid 1120158217, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
