According to Thai authors, the writing system is probably derived from the old Thai writing of the kingdom of Sukhotai.[3] It has been suggested that the Fakkham script is the source of the Tai Don, Tai Dam and Tai Daeng writing systems found in eastern Yunnan, northern Laos, and Vietnam.[4]
Differences in phonology of the various local Tai languages, the isolation of communities and the fact that the written language has traditionally been passed down from father to son have led to many local variants. In an attempt to reverse this development and establish a standardized system, Vietnam's various Tai people in the former Northwestern Autonomous Region were approached with a proposal that they should agree on a common standard. Together with Vietnamese researchers, a first proposal called Thống Nhất (or Unified Alphabet) was developed, which was published in 1961 and revised in 1966.[5][6] A unified and standardized version of the script was developed at a UNESCO-sponsored workshop in 2006, named "chữ Thái Việt Nam" (or Vietnamese Tai script). This standardized version was then approved to be included in Unicode.[1]
From May 2008, the improved Thai script was put into official use.[clarification needed]
Description
A text in Tai Viet script
The script consists of 31 consonants and 14 vowels.[3] Unlike most other abugidas or brahmic scripts, the consonants do not have an inherent vowel, and every vowel must be specified with a vowel marker. Vowels are marked with diacritic vowel markers that can appear above, below or to the left and/or right of the consonant.[1] Some vowels carry an inherent final consonant, such as /-aj/, /-am/, /-an/ and /-əw/.[7]
The script uses Latin script punctuation, and also includes five special characters, one to indicate a person, one for the number "one", one to repeat the previous word, one to mark the beginning of a text and one to mark the end of a text.[7]
Traditionally, the script did not use any spacing between words as they were written in a continuous flow, but spacing has become common since the 1980s.[7]
Consonants
Initial consonant letters have both high and low forms, which are used to indicate tones. The high consonants are used for the syllable final letters -w, -y, -m, -n and -ng. The low consonant letter -k is used for final /k/- and /ʔ/-sounds, while low consonant letters -b and -d are used for final /p/ and /t/.[8][7]
Traditionally the script used no tone marks and only partially indicated tones with the high/low consonant differentiation. The reader had to guess the tone and thus meaning of a word from context. In the 1970s two tone marks were developed, called mai nueng and mai song.[1] Tone 1 is marked with only a low consonant. Tone 4 is marked with only a high consonant. Tone 2 is marked with the first tone mark and a low consonant form. Tone 5 is marked with the first tone mark and a high consonant form. Tone 3 is marked with the second tone mark and a low consonant form. Tone 6 is marked with the second tone mark and a high consonant form.[8][7]
Proposals to encode Tai Viet script in Unicode go back to 2006.[11] A Unicode subcommittee reviewed a February 6, 2007 proposal submitted by James Brase of SIL International for what was then called Tay Viet script.[12] At the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 meeting on April 24, 2007, a revised proposal[7] for the script, now known as Tai Viet, was accepted "as is", with support[13] from TCVN, the Vietnam Quality & Standards Centre.
Tai Viet was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
The Unicode block for Tai Viet is U+AA80–U+AADF:
Tai Viet[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
^Bảng chữ cái tiếng Thái (Việt Nam), các quy tắc cơ bản. Lịch sử văn hóa Thái, 26/06/2018. In vietnamese.
^ abBankston, Carl L. "The Tai Dam: Refugees from Vietnam and Laos". Passage: A Journal of Refugee Education. 3 (Winter 1987): 30–31.
^Hartmann, John F. (1986). "The Spread of South Indic Scripts in Southeast Asia". Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 3 (1): 6–20. JSTOR 40860228.
^ abcdBrase, Jim (27 January 2006). "Towards a Unicode Proposal for the Unified Tai Script". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
^Trung Viet, Ngo; Brase, Jim. "Unified Tai Script for Unicode". Retrieved 28 April 2015.
^ abcdefBrase, Jim (2007-02-20). "N3220: Proposal to encode the Tai Viet script in the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
^Ngô, Việt Trung; Brase, Jim (2006-01-30). "L2/06-041: Unified Tai Script for Unicode" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
^Brase, Jim (6 February 2007). "L2/07-039R: Tay Viet Script for Unicode" (PDF). Retrieved 9 August 2014.
^"N3221: Support for the proposal (N3220) to encode the Tai Viet script" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2017-03-24.
External links
SIL Tai Heritage Pro Font Download
Proposal to encode additional Tai Viet characters for the Jinping Dai
January 27, 2023
viet, script, unicode, block, viet, unicode, block, ꪼꪕ, script, vietnamese, chữ, thái, việt, thai, กษรไทดำ, rtgs, akson, taidam, brahmic, script, used, people, various, other, thai, people, vietnam, thailand, vietꪎ, ꪼꪕscript, typeabugidatime, period16th, centu. For the Unicode block see Tai Viet Unicode block The Tai Viet script Tai Dam ꪎ ꪼꪕ Tai script Vietnamese Chữ Thai Việt Thai xksrithda RTGS akson taidam is a Brahmic script used by the Tai Dam people and various other Thai people in Vietnam and Thailand 2 Tai Vietꪎ ꪼꪕScript typeAbugidaTime period16th century present 1 Directionleft to right LanguagesTai Dam Tai Daeng Tai Don Thai Song and Tay TacRelated scriptsParent systemsProto Sinaitic alphabet a Phoenician alphabet a Aramaic alphabet a BrahmiTamil BrahmiPallavaOld KhmerSukhothaiOld Thai 1 Tai VietISO 15924ISO 15924Tavt 359 Tai VietUnicodeUnicode aliasTai VietUnicode rangeU AA80 U AADF a The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon Contents 1 History 2 Description 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 2 3 Tones 3 Unicode 4 Further reading 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditAccording to Thai authors the writing system is probably derived from the old Thai writing of the kingdom of Sukhotai 3 It has been suggested that the Fakkham script is the source of the Tai Don Tai Dam and Tai Daeng writing systems found in eastern Yunnan northern Laos and Vietnam 4 Differences in phonology of the various local Tai languages the isolation of communities and the fact that the written language has traditionally been passed down from father to son have led to many local variants In an attempt to reverse this development and establish a standardized system Vietnam s various Tai people in the former Northwestern Autonomous Region were approached with a proposal that they should agree on a common standard Together with Vietnamese researchers a first proposal called Thống Nhất or Unified Alphabet was developed which was published in 1961 and revised in 1966 5 6 A unified and standardized version of the script was developed at a UNESCO sponsored workshop in 2006 named chữ Thai Việt Nam or Vietnamese Tai script This standardized version was then approved to be included in Unicode 1 From May 2008 the improved Thai script was put into official use clarification needed Description Edit A text in Tai Viet script The script consists of 31 consonants and 14 vowels 3 Unlike most other abugidas or brahmic scripts the consonants do not have an inherent vowel and every vowel must be specified with a vowel marker Vowels are marked with diacritic vowel markers that can appear above below or to the left and or right of the consonant 1 Some vowels carry an inherent final consonant such as aj am an and ew 7 The script uses Latin script punctuation and also includes five special characters one to indicate a person one for the number one one to repeat the previous word one to mark the beginning of a text and one to mark the end of a text 7 Traditionally the script did not use any spacing between words as they were written in a continuous flow but spacing has become common since the 1980s 7 Consonants Edit Initial consonant letters have both high and low forms which are used to indicate tones The high consonants are used for the syllable final letters w y m n and ng The low consonant letter k is used for final k and ʔ sounds while low consonant letters b and d are used for final p and t 8 7 Character Name Sound 9 Low Highꪀ ꪁ ko k ꪂ ꪃ kho kʰ ꪄ ꪅ khho x ꪆ ꪇ go g ꪈ ꪉ ngo ŋ ꪊ ꪋ co tɕ ꪌ ꪍ cho tɕʰ ꪎ ꪏ so s ꪐ ꪑ nyo ɲ ꪒ ꪓ do d ꪔ ꪕ to t ꪖ ꪗ tho tʰ Character Name Sound 9 Low Highꪘ ꪙ no n ꪚ ꪛ bo b ꪜ ꪝ po p ꪞ ꪟ pho pʰ ꪠ ꪡ fo f ꪢ ꪣ mo m ꪤ ꪥ yo j ꪦ ꪧ ro r ꪨ ꪩ lo l ꪪ ꪫ vo v ꪬ ꪭ ho h ꪮ ꪯ o ʔ Tai Viet script consonants Vowels Edit Tai Viet script vowels The consonant character s position is marked with a circle Character Name Sound 5 9 mai kang a ꪱ aa aː i i ue ɨ u u ꪵ ee ɛ ꪶ o o mai khit ɔ Character Name Sound 5 9 ia ie ꪹ uea ɨe ꪺ ua ue ꪻ aue ew ꪼ ay aj ꪽ an an am am When ɔ has a final ꪮ is used instead Some additional vowels are written with a combination of two vowel characters The following four combinations are used for Tai Dam Character Sound 5 9 ꪹ e ꪹ e ꪹ ꪱ aw ꪚ ap Some sounds are spelled differently in Tai Don compared to in Tai Dam 10 Character Compare with Tai Dam Sound 10 17 20 ꪹ e ꪹ e ꪺ ꪶ o ꪮ ɔ in an open syllable ꪶ ꪉ ꪉ uŋ ꪶ ꪣ ꪣ um ꪝ am Tones Edit Traditionally the script used no tone marks and only partially indicated tones with the high low consonant differentiation The reader had to guess the tone and thus meaning of a word from context In the 1970s two tone marks were developed called mai nueng and mai song 1 Tone 1 is marked with only a low consonant Tone 4 is marked with only a high consonant Tone 2 is marked with the first tone mark and a low consonant form Tone 5 is marked with the first tone mark and a high consonant form Tone 3 is marked with the second tone mark and a low consonant form Tone 6 is marked with the second tone mark and a high consonant form 8 7 Character Name Low tone Low tone pitch High tone High tone pitch 1 4 mai ek 2 5 mai tho 3 6 ꫀ mai nueng 2 5 ꫂ mai song 3 6Unicode EditMain article Tai Viet Unicode block Proposals to encode Tai Viet script in Unicode go back to 2006 11 A Unicode subcommittee reviewed a February 6 2007 proposal submitted by James Brase of SIL International for what was then called Tay Viet script 12 At the ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 meeting on April 24 2007 a revised proposal 7 for the script now known as Tai Viet was accepted as is with support 13 from TCVN the Vietnam Quality amp Standards Centre Tai Viet was added to the Unicode Standard in October 2009 with the release of version 5 2 The Unicode block for Tai Viet is U AA80 U AADF Tai Viet 1 2 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU AA8x ꪀ ꪁ ꪂ ꪃ ꪄ ꪅ ꪆ ꪇ ꪈ ꪉ ꪊ ꪋ ꪌ ꪍ ꪎ ꪏU AA9x ꪐ ꪑ ꪒ ꪓ ꪔ ꪕ ꪖ ꪗ ꪘ ꪙ ꪚ ꪛ ꪜ ꪝ ꪞ ꪟU AAAx ꪠ ꪡ ꪢ ꪣ ꪤ ꪥ ꪦ ꪧ ꪨ ꪩ ꪪ ꪫ ꪬ ꪭ ꪮ ꪯU AABx ꪱ ꪵ ꪶ ꪹ ꪺ ꪻ ꪼ ꪽ U AACx ꫀ ꫂU AADx ꫛ ꫜ ꫝ Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 0 2 Grey areas indicate non assigned code pointsFurther reading EditMiyake Marc 2014 D ou b led letters in Tai Viet References Edit a b c d e Tai Viet Retrieved 15 July 2020 Bảng chữ cai tiếng Thai Việt Nam cac quy tắc cơ bản Lịch sử văn hoa Thai 26 06 2018 In vietnamese a b Bankston Carl L The Tai Dam Refugees from Vietnam and Laos Passage A Journal of Refugee Education 3 Winter 1987 30 31 Hartmann John F 1986 The Spread of South Indic Scripts in Southeast Asia Crossroads An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 3 1 6 20 JSTOR 40860228 a b c d Brase Jim 27 January 2006 Towards a Unicode Proposal for the Unified Tai Script Retrieved 28 April 2015 Trung Viet Ngo Brase Jim Unified Tai Script for Unicode Retrieved 28 April 2015 a b c d e f Brase Jim 2007 02 20 N3220 Proposal to encode the Tai Viet script in the UCS PDF Working Group Document ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 Retrieved 2015 05 31 a b Tai Dam alphabet Retrieved 15 July 2020 a b c d e Brase Jim 5 May 2008 Writing Tai Don Retrieved 28 April 2015 a b Brase J 2008 Writing Tai Don Additional characters needed for the Tai Viet script https www unicode org L2 L2008 08217 tai don pdf Ngo Việt Trung Brase Jim 2006 01 30 L2 06 041 Unified Tai Script for Unicode PDF Working Group Document ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 Retrieved 2015 05 31 Brase Jim 6 February 2007 L2 07 039R Tay Viet Script for Unicode PDF Retrieved 9 August 2014 N3221 Support for the proposal N3220 to encode the Tai Viet script PDF Working Group Document ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 2007 03 21 Retrieved 2017 03 24 External links EditSIL Tai Heritage Pro Font Download Proposal to encode additional Tai Viet characters for the Jinping Dai Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tai Viet script amp oldid 1135084690, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
