30°08′31″N77°21′16″E / 30.141915°N 77.354361°E / 30.141915; 77.354361Srughna, also spelt Shrughna in Sanskrit, or Sughna, Sughana or Sugh in the spoken form,[1][2] was an ancient city or kingdom of India frequently referred to in early and medieval texts. It was visited by Chinese traveller, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) in the 7th century and was reported to be in ruins even then although the foundations still remained. Xuanzang described the kingdom as extending from the mountains to the north, to the Ganges river to the East, and with the Yamuna river flowing through it.[1] He described the capital city on the west bank of the Yamuna as possessing a large Buddhistvihara and a grand stupa dating to the time of the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka.[3] Srughna is identified with the Sugh Ancient Mound located in the village of Amadalpur Dayalgarh, in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana state of India.[4][5][6] To this day, the ancient Chaneti Buddhist Stupa, probably dating to the Mauryan period, stands in the area, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northwest of Sugh.[7]
Xuanzang saw several stupas, which commemorated the visit of the Buddha or enshrined the relics of Buddhist monks Sariputra and Maudgalyayana.[8]Alexander Cunningham identified the lost city with the village of Sugh (or Sugha) situated 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Yamunanagar in the state of Haryana.[9] The city probably lost its importance after the 7th century and the name survived in a localized form.[8]Panjab University's 1965 excavation found artifacts dating from 600 BCE to 300 CE, including grey ware and red ware pottery, coins, seals, animal remains, male and female terracotta figurines, animal terracotta figurines and miscellaneous terracotta objects such as flesh rubbers, crucibles, rattle, gamesmen, stamp, seal impression, discs, frames and wheels, balls, goldsmiths heating cup, an ear ornament grooved on the exterior and a broken figurine of a headless child with writing board in lap with sunga (187 BCE to 78 BCE) period alphabets.[8] Collection of these figurines belong to Sunga, Mauryan, Kushana, Gupta and medieval period.[8]
The village of Sugh, with the nearby Sugh Ancient Mound, is now a well known archaeological site which has yielded a trove of coins. It was excavated by Cunningham in the 19th century. Suraj Bhan partially excavated the site in 1964–65.[9]
The original site of the Topra Kalan pillar of Ashoka is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the west.[7]Ashoka's Rock edicts of Khalsi is also from the region, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) to the northeast.
Dhanabhuti, king of "Sugana"Edit
It has been proposed that King Dhanabhuti, the main sponsor of the Buddhist stupa at Bharhut, came from Srughna or Sughana, and that Dhanabhuti was one of its important kings, who, besides building magnificent stupas in his capital city, also made some of the most important donations for the building of the toranas and railings at Bharhut.[11][12][13]
Child learning Brahmi (2nd century BCE, Sugh)
Ancient terracota sculpture from Sugh "Child learning Brahmi", 2nd century BCE. The writing on the takhtī writing tablet consists in a line made of the 12 primary Brahmi vowels (a Bhārākhadī), repeated four times, in a script identical to that of Ashoka (an indicator for the object's datation):[14][15]
a ā i ī u ū e ai o au aṃ aḥ 𑀅 𑀆 𑀇 𑀈 𑀉 𑀊 𑀏 𑀐 𑀑 𑀒 𑀅𑀁 𑀅𑀂
^ abCunningham, alexander (1871). Archeological Survey Of India Vol Ii. p. 227.
^Alexander Cunningham, Great Britain India Office (1879). The Stûpa of Bharhut: A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous ... W.H. Allen and Co. p. 3.
^"Ancient site of Sugh". HaryanaTourism.gov.in. Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^Sharma, Shriv Kumar (8 June 2018). "DC orders probe into damage to ancient Sugh mound". The Tribune, India. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^"List of Protected Monuments in Haryana with notification no" (PDF). Archaeology Haryana. Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^ abGupta, Parmanand (1989). Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals. Concept Publishing Company. p. 154. ISBN9788170222484.
^ abcdYamunanagar History, Gazatteer of Haryana: Yamunanagar.
"Tūrghna is apparently a scribal error for Srughna which was the region about Jagadhari with its head-quarters at the present village of Sugha situated on the Western Yumunā Canal at a distance of about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east of Jagadhari town in district Ambala."
^"A local Buddhist kingdom in Punjab with Srughna, modern Sugh, near Jagadhri in the district of Ambala, as its capital city, and covering an area of about 1000 miles in circuit. Raja Dhanabhuti, the pre-eminent king of this royal family ruled from 240 B.C. to 210 B.C. This pious Buddhist king apart from building magnificent stupas in his capital city, also made munificent donations to the world famous Stupa of Bharhut" in Ahir, D. C. (1989). Buddhism in North India. Classics India Publications. p. 14. ISBN9788185132099.
^Ahir, D. C. (1971). Buddhism In The Punjab Haryana And Himachal Pradesh. pp. 27–28.
^Kumar, Ajit (2014). "Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association". Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology. 2: 223‐241.
^Chhabra, B. Ch. (1970). Sugh Terracotta with Brahmi Barakhadi: appears in the Bulletin National Museum No. 2. New Delhi: National Museum.
^Chhabra, B.Ch. (1970). Sugh Terracotta with Brahmi Barakhadi: appears in the Bulletin National Museum No. 2. Bulletin National Museum No. 2.
ReferencesEdit
Cunningham, Alexander (1877). Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Рипол Классик. ISBN9785879911145.
Handa, Devendra (2000). "Minuscule Silver Coins from Sugh". East and West. 50 (1/4): 515–521. JSTOR 29757464.
Bharadwaj, O. P. (1980). "Gautama Buddha in Kurukṣetra". Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. 61 (1/4): 189–204. JSTOR 41691865.
External linksEdit
Haryana tourism
Article in Tribune India
Ancient Geography of India by Alexander Cunningham (1871)
October 14, 2023
srughna, 141915, 354361, 141915, 354361, also, spelt, shrughna, sanskrit, sughna, sughana, sugh, spoken, form, ancient, city, kingdom, india, frequently, referred, early, medieval, texts, visited, chinese, traveller, xuanzang, hiuen, tsang, century, reported, . 30 08 31 N 77 21 16 E 30 141915 N 77 354361 E 30 141915 77 354361 Srughna also spelt Shrughna in Sanskrit or Sughna Sughana or Sugh in the spoken form 1 2 was an ancient city or kingdom of India frequently referred to in early and medieval texts It was visited by Chinese traveller Xuanzang Hiuen Tsang in the 7th century and was reported to be in ruins even then although the foundations still remained Xuanzang described the kingdom as extending from the mountains to the north to the Ganges river to the East and with the Yamuna river flowing through it 1 He described the capital city on the west bank of the Yamuna as possessing a large Buddhist vihara and a grand stupa dating to the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka 3 Srughna is identified with the Sugh Ancient Mound located in the village of Amadalpur Dayalgarh in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana state of India 4 5 6 To this day the ancient Chaneti Buddhist Stupa probably dating to the Mauryan period stands in the area about 3 kilometres 1 9 mi northwest of Sugh 7 Sughanaclass notpageimage Location of Srughna Sughana Plan of the ancient city of Srughna or Sugh Contents 1 Identification 2 Dhanabhuti king of Sugana 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksIdentification EditXuanzang saw several stupas which commemorated the visit of the Buddha or enshrined the relics of Buddhist monks Sariputra and Maudgalyayana 8 Alexander Cunningham identified the lost city with the village of Sugh or Sugha situated 5 kilometres 3 1 mi from Yamunanagar in the state of Haryana 9 The city probably lost its importance after the 7th century and the name survived in a localized form 8 Panjab University s 1965 excavation found artifacts dating from 600 BCE to 300 CE including grey ware and red ware pottery coins seals animal remains male and female terracotta figurines animal terracotta figurines and miscellaneous terracotta objects such as flesh rubbers crucibles rattle gamesmen stamp seal impression discs frames and wheels balls goldsmiths heating cup an ear ornament grooved on the exterior and a broken figurine of a headless child with writing board in lap with sunga 187 BCE to 78 BCE period alphabets 8 Collection of these figurines belong to Sunga Mauryan Kushana Gupta and medieval period 8 Srughna is regularly mentioned in Panini s Ashtadhyayi Patanjali s Mahabhashya the Divyavadana the Mahabharata the Mahamayuri the Brihatsamhita of Varahamihira etc Turghna another location mentioned in ancient literary texts is considered synonymous with Srughna 9 10 The village of Sugh with the nearby Sugh Ancient Mound is now a well known archaeological site which has yielded a trove of coins It was excavated by Cunningham in the 19th century Suraj Bhan partially excavated the site in 1964 65 9 The original site of the Topra Kalan pillar of Ashoka is located about 18 kilometres 11 mi to the west 7 Ashoka s Rock edicts of Khalsi is also from the region about 60 kilometres 37 mi to the northeast Dhanabhuti king of Sugana EditIt has been proposed that King Dhanabhuti the main sponsor of the Buddhist stupa at Bharhut came from Srughna or Sughana and that Dhanabhuti was one of its important kings who besides building magnificent stupas in his capital city also made some of the most important donations for the building of the toranas and railings at Bharhut 11 12 13 Child learning Brahmi 2nd century BCE Sugh nbsp nbsp Ancient terracota sculpture from Sugh Child learning Brahmi 2nd century BCE The writing on the takhti writing tablet consists in a line made of the 12 primary Brahmi vowels a Bharakhadi repeated four times in a script identical to that of Ashoka an indicator for the object s datation 14 15 a a i i u u e ai o au aṃ aḥ𑀅 𑀆 𑀇 𑀈 𑀉 𑀊 𑀏 𑀐 𑀑 𑀒 𑀅 𑀅 See also EditSugh Ancient Mound Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Haryana Buddhist pilgrimage sites Buddhist pilgrimage sites in IndiaNotes Edit a b Cunningham alexander 1871 Archeological Survey Of India Vol Ii p 227 Alexander Cunningham Great Britain India Office 1879 The Stupa of Bharhut A Buddhist Monument Ornamented with Numerous W H Allen and Co p 3 Cunningham 1877 p 34 Ancient site of Sugh HaryanaTourism gov in Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited Retrieved 23 April 2018 Sharma Shriv Kumar 8 June 2018 DC orders probe into damage to ancient Sugh mound The Tribune India Retrieved 23 April 2018 List of Protected Monuments in Haryana with notification no PDF Archaeology Haryana Department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana Retrieved 23 April 2018 a b Gupta Parmanand 1989 Geography from Ancient Indian Coins amp Seals Concept Publishing Company p 154 ISBN 9788170222484 a b c d Yamunanagar History Gazatteer of Haryana Yamunanagar a b c Handa 2000 pp 517 518 Bharadwaj 1980 p 192 Turghna is apparently a scribal error for Srughna which was the region about Jagadhari with its head quarters at the present village of Sugha situated on the Western Yumuna Canal at a distance of about 5 kilometres 3 1 mi to the east of Jagadhari town in district Ambala A local Buddhist kingdom in Punjab with Srughna modern Sugh near Jagadhri in the district of Ambala as its capital city and covering an area of about 1000 miles in circuit Raja Dhanabhuti the pre eminent king of this royal family ruled from 240 B C to 210 B C This pious Buddhist king apart from building magnificent stupas in his capital city also made munificent donations to the world famous Stupa of Bharhut in Ahir D C 1989 Buddhism in North India Classics India Publications p 14 ISBN 9788185132099 Ahir D C 1971 Buddhism In The Punjab Haryana And Himachal Pradesh pp 27 28 Kumar Ajit 2014 Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association Heritage Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 2 223 241 Chhabra B Ch 1970 Sugh Terracotta with Brahmi Barakhadi appears in the Bulletin National Museum No 2 New Delhi National Museum Chhabra B Ch 1970 Sugh Terracotta with Brahmi Barakhadi appears in the Bulletin National Museum No 2 Bulletin National Museum No 2 References EditCunningham Alexander 1877 Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Ripol Klassik ISBN 9785879911145 Handa Devendra 2000 Minuscule Silver Coins from Sugh East and West 50 1 4 515 521 JSTOR 29757464 Bharadwaj O P 1980 Gautama Buddha in Kurukṣetra Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 61 1 4 189 204 JSTOR 41691865 External links EditHaryana tourism Article in Tribune India Ancient Geography of India by Alexander Cunningham 1871 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Srughna amp oldid 1113617486, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
