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Style and title of the Canadian sovereign

March 11, 2023

The style and title of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada. The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France, used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe. As various Canadian territories changed ownership and then the country gradually gained independence, the style and title of the monarchs changed almost as often as the kings and queens themselves. The mode of address currently employed is a combination of a style that originates in the early 17th century and a title established by Canadian law in 1953.

Current style and titles

Further information: List of titles and honours of Charles III

In 1953, a year after the accession to the throne of Queen Elizabeth II, the Canadian parliament passed the Royal Style and Titles Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. R-12),[1] providing for the parliament's consent to the issuance of a royal proclamation changing the monarch's title being then used. The relevant royal proclamation was issued on May 28,[2] just days before her coronation. As of the accession of Charles III in 2022, the sovereign's style and titles in Canada are, in English:

Charles the Third, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and His other Realms and Territories King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.[3][2][4]

And in French:

Charles Trois, par la grâce de Dieu Roi du Royaume-Uni, du Canada et de ses autres royaumes et territoires, Chef du Commonwealth, Défenseur de la Foi.[2][4]

The style and titles were composed during the reign of Elizabeth II to distinctly mention Canada so as to highlight the monarch's shared status, being both monarch of Canada and, separately, of the United Kingdom, as well as the six (today 13) other Commonwealth realms; with emphasis showing the distinct title Queen (now King) of Canada as embedded in the longer formal title.[5][6] When composed for Elizabeth II in 1953, this format was consistent with the monarch's titles in her other realms. Only Canada retains this title; all others, aside from the UK itself, removed the reference to the United Kingdom.

The monarch is typically addressed by the title King of Canada[7][8][9][10][11] and is expected to allude to himself as King of Canada when in or acting abroad on behalf of that country. For example, Elizabeth II said in 1973: "...it is as Queen of Canada that I am here, Queen of Canada and of all Canadians, not just of one or two ancestral strains." Since the title was adopted, the federal government has promoted its use as a signifier of Canada's sovereign and independent status;[12] Prime Minister John Diefenbaker said of the title in 1957: "The Queen of Canada is a term which we like to use because it utterly represents her role on this occasion."[13][14] The title is also included in the Oath of Allegiance, which forms a part of the Oath of Citizenship, and can be found as ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA CANADA—Latin for Elizabeth II by the Grace of God Queen, Canada—on the obverse of various medals in the Canadian honours system; this wording is expected to change in light of the accession of Charles III.[15]

Although the King's Canadian titles include Defender of the Faith/Défenseur de la Foi, neither the monarch nor any of the viceroys have an official religious role in Canada. Unlike in the United Kingdom, where the term (fidei defensor, in Latin) signifies the sovereign's position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England and a member and defender of the security of the Church of Scotland, there have been no established churches in Canada since before its confederation in 1867. Defender of the Faith thus has a more vague meaning in the Canadian title, alluding only to the monarch's belief in a higher power. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent stated on this matter in his 1953 contribution to the debate on the Royal Style and Titles Act in the House of Commons: "The rather more delicate question arose about the retention of the words defender of the faith... In our countries [Canada and the other non-British monarchies of the Commonwealth] there are no established churches, but in our countries there are people who have faith in the direction of human affairs by an all-wise Providence; and we felt that it was a good thing that the civil authorities would proclaim that their organization is such that it is a defence of the continued beliefs in a supreme power that orders the affairs of mere men, and that there could be no reasonable objection from anyone who believed in the Supreme Being in having the sovereign, the head of the civil authority, described as a believer in and a defender of the faith in a supreme ruler."[16]

Also, while the sovereign holds the nominal title Head of the Commonwealth, this does not imply any political power over member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. In keeping, however, with the declaration of the prime ministers of the Commonwealth in London in 1949 of "the King as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth," the title will pass to the next monarch upon the demise of the Crown and in fact did so in 2022, though any future change is not a guaranteed certainty.

Style of address

Further information: Canadian honorifics

The use of the styles of address Highness and Majesty originated in the United Kingdom, where they were used from the 12th century onward. During the reign of James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland, however, Majesty became the official style, to the exclusion of all others, and it was then brought to North America during colonial times through usage in reference to the British monarch, who then had sovereignty over the colonies on that continent. Its usage has continued since Canada became a kingdom in its own right in 1867,[17][18][19] and after a process of constitutional evolution ending with full sovereignty from the United Kingdom, is now applied to the Canadian monarch. Unlike in the United Kingdom, where the sovereign is referred to in treaties and on British passports as His [Her] Britannic Majesty, the sovereign in Canada is referred to simply as His [Her] Majesty (Sa Majesté). However, from time to time, the style will be His [Her] Canadian Majesty so as to differentiate from foreign sovereigns. Canadian styles of address are officially maintained by the Department of Canadian Heritage's Protocol Office.[20]

History

Following Canadian Confederation, Prime Minister of Canada John A. Macdonald, having been denied the name Kingdom of Canada for the new country, was repeatedly heard to refer to Queen Victoria as the Queen of Canada,[21] and, similarly, in the lead up to the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902, Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier desired to have the words King of Canada included in the royal title by the time of the ceremony.[21][22] This wish was not fulfilled, however, and Canada inherited the full British title when the country gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931.

 
Elizabeth II, the first Canadian monarch to be titled Queen of Canada (r. 1952–2022)

Liberal Member of Parliament Eugène Marquis in 1945 tabled a motion in the House of Commons proposing that a change to the King's title be a subject of discussion at the next Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference; Marquis suggested that the title include each of the King's dominions, giving him the designation King of Canada.[23][24][25] But, the motion did not pass and it was only in 1948 that form of address changed, when the Canadian parliament passed in 1947 its own Royal Style and Titles Act and an Order in Council was issued on 22 June the following year to remove the term Emperor of India from the sovereign's Canadian title.[26] In 1949, it was suggested by Cabinet that the King's title be altered so that in Canada it would be George the Sixth, by the Grace of God, of Canada and the other nations of the British Commonwealth, King;[27][28] but, again, nothing came of the proposal. At the time, Robert Gordon Robertson, then a member of the Cabinet Secretariat, opined that Canadians would not like the title King of Canada, as "most Canadians... have not thought of themselves as citizens of either a republic or a monarchy."[29] Still, in 1950, when William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon was sent to Ireland as Canada's ambassador to that country, the Cabinet wished to have George VI referred to in the letters of credence as King of Canada. The King's secretaries objected strongly, claiming the monarch had only one title in law and Turgeon's letters eventually used George's full legal title, which referred to him as sovereign of Great Britain and "Ireland."[30]

The proclamations of Elizabeth II's accession to the throne in February 1952 differed between Canada and the United Kingdom; in the latter, the new queen was referred to unconventionally as Queen Elizabeth II by the Grace of God, Queen of this Realm, and of Her other Realms and Territories, while the Canadian Privy Council adhered to the letter of the law, calling the sovereign Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas.[31] The discrepancies between independent countries sharing one person as sovereign prompted discussions amongst the Commonwealth prime ministers before a meeting in London, England, in December 1952; Canada's then prime minister, Louis St. Laurent, stated that it was important a new composition for the royal title be agreed upon by all realms involved, to "emphasise the fact that the Queen is Queen of Canada, regardless of her sovereignty over other Commonwealth countries." Canada's preferred format was: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith; the Canadian government preferred to keep the word "queen" next to "Canada", as it made the sovereign's role as monarch of Canada more clear than having "queen" follow several words on after the country's name.[32] However, as Australian ministers wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles,[27] the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, reference to Canada and the other Commonwealth realms separately.

When the Royal Style and Titles Act of 1953 was debated in the House of Commons, St. Laurent asserted on the nature of the separate and shared characteristics of the Crown: "Her Majesty is now Queen of Canada but she is the Queen of Canada because she is Queen of the United Kingdom... It is not a separate office."[16] Parliament then unanimously passed the new legislation consenting to the issuance of a royal proclamation establishing the monarch's royal titles. The relevant royal proclamation establishing the titles was issued on May 28,[2] just four days before Elizabeth II was crowned. The new legislation conferred publicly and legally the reality of a unique constitutional monarchy for Canada,[33][34] thereby fulfilling the vision of the Fathers of Confederation.[35][36]

The royal style and titles of Canadian sovereigns

From Title Amending law Monarchs
1 July 1867 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith Victoria
28 April 1876 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India Royal Titles Act 1876 (UK) Victoria
22 January 1901 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India Common law Edward VII
4 November 1901 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India Royal Titles Act 1901 (UK) Edward VII, George V
13 May 1927 By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 (UK) George V, Edward VIII, George VI
22 June 1948 By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith Royal Style and Titles Act 1947 (Can) George VI
6 February 1952 By the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith Common law Elizabeth II
29 May 1953 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 (Can) Elizabeth II
8 September 2022 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and His other Realms and Territories King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith Common law Charles III

See also

References

  1. ^ Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002), Fifty Years the Queen, Toronto: Dundurn Press, p. 75, ISBN 1-55002-360-8
  2. ^ a b c d Proclamation of May 28, 1953 published in the Canada Gazette, volume 87, number 6, Extra, 29 May 1953, pages 1–2
  3. ^ "King Charles III proclaimed Canada's new head of state in ceremony at Rideau Hall". Globe and Mail. Canadian Press. September 10, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Elizabeth II 1985, 2
  5. ^ St. Laurent, Louis (1952), "Speech to the House of Commons", written at Ottawa, Canada at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, Toronto: Ryerson Press (published 1 January 1953)
  6. ^ Smy, William A. (2008). "Royal titles and styles". The Loyalist Gazette. Toronto: United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada. XLVI (1). Retrieved 3 January 2011.
  7. ^ (PDF). Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-27. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  8. ^ "The Queen of Canada is dead, long live the British queen", Maclean's, Rogers Communications, 2 March 2013, retrieved 29 May 2013
  9. ^ Department of Canadian Heritage. . Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 2012-12-27. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  10. ^ A Crown of Maples. Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. 2012. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-100-20079-8.
  11. ^ Forsey, Eugene A. (2012). How Canadians Govern Themselves. Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-100-20078-1.
  12. ^ MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008), A Crown of Maples (PDF) (1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 10, ISBN 978-0-662-46012-1, retrieved 23 September 2009
  13. ^ Bousfield 2002, p. 12
  14. ^ , Time, 21 October 1957, ISSN 0040-781X, archived from the original on 2008-12-06, retrieved 23 September 2009
  15. ^ Department of National Defence, (PDF), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011, retrieved 2 December 2009
  16. ^ a b St. Laurent, Louis (3 February 1953), "Hansard", written at Ottawa, in Toffoli, Gary; Bousfield, Arthur (eds.), Queen of Canada, Toronto: Canadian Royal Heritage Trust, retrieved 7 October 2009
  17. ^ . Heritage Resources of Saint John and New Brunswick Community College. Archived from the original on March 6, 2005. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  18. ^ The Royal Household. "The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada > History and present government". Queen's Printer. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  19. ^ "The Crown in Canada" (PDF). Department of Canadian Heritage. 2005. p. 7. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  20. ^ Department of Canadian Heritage (25 January 2016). "Styles of address". Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  21. ^ a b Bousfield 2002, p. 76
  22. ^ Pearson, Lester (3 February 1953), "Hansard", written at Ottawa, in Toffoli, Gary; Bousfield, Arthur (eds.), Queen of Canada, Toronto: Canadian Royal Heritage Trust, retrieved 7 October 2009
  23. ^ "King of Canada title urged by Quebec M.P.", Toronto Daily Star, p. 12, 6 November 1945, retrieved 14 October 2010
  24. ^ "King of Canada", Ottawa Citizen, p. 21, 9 November 1945, retrieved 14 October 2010
  25. ^ "King of Canada", Ottawa Citizen, p. 15, 7 November 1945, retrieved 14 October 2010
  26. ^ King, William Lyon Mackenzie, "Order in Council", in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (ed.), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 14–1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 8 October 2009
  27. ^ a b Privy Council Office (24 November 1952), , in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (ed.), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 18–2, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 23 November 2011, retrieved 23 September 2009
  28. ^ Privy Council Office (19 January 1949), "Extract from Cabinet Conclusions", in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (ed.), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 15–2, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 8 October 2009
  29. ^ Smith, David E., "The Crown and the Constitution: Sustaining Democracy?" (PDF), Queen’s University, retrieved 4 March 2021
  30. ^ Lloyd, Lorna (2007). Diplomacy With a Difference: The Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880–2006. Lieden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 978-90-04-15497-1.
  31. ^ Rinfret, Thibaudeau (6 February 1952), , in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (ed.), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 14–1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 15 May 2013, retrieved 8 October 2009
  32. ^ Twomey, Anne (2006), The Chameleon Crown, Sydney: Federation Press, p. 105, ISBN 9781862876293
  33. ^ Trepanier, Peter (2004), "Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition" (PDF), Canadian Parliamentary Review, Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, 27 (2): 28, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2012, retrieved 8 October 2009
  34. ^ McCreery, Christopher (2012). Commemorative Medals of the Queen's Reign in Canada, 1952–2012. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 47. ISBN 9781459707566.
  35. ^ Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Garry. . Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
  36. ^ Tupper, William (1988), "Two Perspectives on the Queen in Canada" (PDF), Canadian Parliamentary Review, Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, 11 (3): 8, retrieved 14 December 2009

External links

  • Royal Style and Titles Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. R-12)
  • Buckingham Palace: The Royal Family: Style and Titles of the Queen

March 11, 2023
style, title, canadian, sovereign, style, title, canadian, sovereign, formal, mode, address, monarch, canada, form, based, those, that, were, inherited, from, united, kingdom, france, used, colonies, refer, reigning, monarch, europe, various, canadian, territo. The style and title of the Canadian sovereign is the formal mode of address of the monarch of Canada The form is based on those that were inherited from the United Kingdom and France used in the colonies to refer to the reigning monarch in Europe As various Canadian territories changed ownership and then the country gradually gained independence the style and title of the monarchs changed almost as often as the kings and queens themselves The mode of address currently employed is a combination of a style that originates in the early 17th century and a title established by Canadian law in 1953 Contents 1 Current style and titles 2 Style of address 3 History 3 1 The royal style and titles of Canadian sovereigns 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCurrent style and titles EditFurther information List of titles and honours of Charles III In 1953 a year after the accession to the throne of Queen Elizabeth II the Canadian parliament passed the Royal Style and Titles Act R S C 1985 c R 12 1 providing for the parliament s consent to the issuance of a royal proclamation changing the monarch s title being then used The relevant royal proclamation was issued on May 28 2 just days before her coronation As of the accession of Charles III in 2022 the sovereign s style and titles in Canada are in English Charles the Third by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom Canada and His other Realms and Territories King Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith 3 2 4 And in French Charles Trois par la grace de Dieu Roi du Royaume Uni du Canada et de ses autres royaumes et territoires Chef du Commonwealth Defenseur de la Foi 2 4 The style and titles were composed during the reign of Elizabeth II to distinctly mention Canada so as to highlight the monarch s shared status being both monarch of Canada and separately of the United Kingdom as well as the six today 13 other Commonwealth realms with emphasis showing the distinct title Queen now King of Canada as embedded in the longer formal title 5 6 When composed for Elizabeth II in 1953 this format was consistent with the monarch s titles in her other realms Only Canada retains this title all others aside from the UK itself removed the reference to the United Kingdom The monarch is typically addressed by the title King of Canada 7 8 9 10 11 and is expected to allude to himself as King of Canada when in or acting abroad on behalf of that country For example Elizabeth II said in 1973 it is as Queen of Canada that I am here Queen of Canada and of all Canadians not just of one or two ancestral strains Since the title was adopted the federal government has promoted its use as a signifier of Canada s sovereign and independent status 12 Prime Minister John Diefenbaker said of the title in 1957 The Queen of Canada is a term which we like to use because it utterly represents her role on this occasion 13 14 The title is also included in the Oath of Allegiance which forms a part of the Oath of Citizenship and can be found as ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA CANADA Latin for Elizabeth II by the Grace of God Queen Canada on the obverse of various medals in the Canadian honours system this wording is expected to change in light of the accession of Charles III 15 Although the King s Canadian titles include Defender of the Faith Defenseur de la Foi neither the monarch nor any of the viceroys have an official religious role in Canada Unlike in the United Kingdom where the term fidei defensor in Latin signifies the sovereign s position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England and a member and defender of the security of the Church of Scotland there have been no established churches in Canada since before its confederation in 1867 Defender of the Faith thus has a more vague meaning in the Canadian title alluding only to the monarch s belief in a higher power Prime Minister Louis St Laurent stated on this matter in his 1953 contribution to the debate on the Royal Style and Titles Act in the House of Commons The rather more delicate question arose about the retention of the words defender of the faith In our countries Canada and the other non British monarchies of the Commonwealth there are no established churches but in our countries there are people who have faith in the direction of human affairs by an all wise Providence and we felt that it was a good thing that the civil authorities would proclaim that their organization is such that it is a defence of the continued beliefs in a supreme power that orders the affairs of mere men and that there could be no reasonable objection from anyone who believed in the Supreme Being in having the sovereign the head of the civil authority described as a believer in and a defender of the faith in a supreme ruler 16 Also while the sovereign holds the nominal title Head of the Commonwealth this does not imply any political power over member states of the Commonwealth of Nations In keeping however with the declaration of the prime ministers of the Commonwealth in London in 1949 of the King as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth the title will pass to the next monarch upon the demise of the Crown and in fact did so in 2022 though any future change is not a guaranteed certainty Style of address EditFurther information Canadian honorifics The use of the styles of address Highness and Majesty originated in the United Kingdom where they were used from the 12th century onward During the reign of James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland however Majesty became the official style to the exclusion of all others and it was then brought to North America during colonial times through usage in reference to the British monarch who then had sovereignty over the colonies on that continent Its usage has continued since Canada became a kingdom in its own right in 1867 17 18 19 and after a process of constitutional evolution ending with full sovereignty from the United Kingdom is now applied to the Canadian monarch Unlike in the United Kingdom where the sovereign is referred to in treaties and on British passports as His Her Britannic Majesty the sovereign in Canada is referred to simply as His Her Majesty Sa Majeste However from time to time the style will be His Her Canadian Majesty so as to differentiate from foreign sovereigns Canadian styles of address are officially maintained by the Department of Canadian Heritage s Protocol Office 20 History EditFollowing Canadian Confederation Prime Minister of Canada John A Macdonald having been denied the name Kingdom of Canada for the new country was repeatedly heard to refer to Queen Victoria as the Queen of Canada 21 and similarly in the lead up to the coronation of King Edward VII in 1902 Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier desired to have the words King of Canada included in the royal title by the time of the ceremony 21 22 This wish was not fulfilled however and Canada inherited the full British title when the country gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931 Elizabeth II the first Canadian monarch to be titled Queen of Canada r 1952 2022 Liberal Member of Parliament Eugene Marquis in 1945 tabled a motion in the House of Commons proposing that a change to the King s title be a subject of discussion at the next Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference Marquis suggested that the title include each of the King s dominions giving him the designation King of Canada 23 24 25 But the motion did not pass and it was only in 1948 that form of address changed when the Canadian parliament passed in 1947 its own Royal Style and Titles Act and an Order in Council was issued on 22 June the following year to remove the term Emperor of India from the sovereign s Canadian title 26 In 1949 it was suggested by Cabinet that the King s title be altered so that in Canada it would be George the Sixth by the Grace of God of Canada and the other nations of the British Commonwealth King 27 28 but again nothing came of the proposal At the time Robert Gordon Robertson then a member of the Cabinet Secretariat opined that Canadians would not like the title King of Canada as most Canadians have not thought of themselves as citizens of either a republic or a monarchy 29 Still in 1950 when William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon was sent to Ireland as Canada s ambassador to that country the Cabinet wished to have George VI referred to in the letters of credence as King of Canada The King s secretaries objected strongly claiming the monarch had only one title in law and Turgeon s letters eventually used George s full legal title which referred to him as sovereign of Great Britain and Ireland 30 The proclamations of Elizabeth II s accession to the throne in February 1952 differed between Canada and the United Kingdom in the latter the new queen was referred to unconventionally as Queen Elizabeth II by the Grace of God Queen of this Realm and of Her other Realms and Territories while the Canadian Privy Council adhered to the letter of the law calling the sovereign Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God of Great Britain Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas 31 The discrepancies between independent countries sharing one person as sovereign prompted discussions amongst the Commonwealth prime ministers before a meeting in London England in December 1952 Canada s then prime minister Louis St Laurent stated that it was important a new composition for the royal title be agreed upon by all realms involved to emphasise the fact that the Queen is Queen of Canada regardless of her sovereignty over other Commonwealth countries Canada s preferred format was Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith the Canadian government preferred to keep the word queen next to Canada as it made the sovereign s role as monarch of Canada more clear than having queen follow several words on after the country s name 32 However as Australian ministers wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen s titles 27 the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as for the first time reference to Canada and the other Commonwealth realms separately When the Royal Style and Titles Act of 1953 was debated in the House of Commons St Laurent asserted on the nature of the separate and shared characteristics of the Crown Her Majesty is now Queen of Canada but she is the Queen of Canada because she is Queen of the United Kingdom It is not a separate office 16 Parliament then unanimously passed the new legislation consenting to the issuance of a royal proclamation establishing the monarch s royal titles The relevant royal proclamation establishing the titles was issued on May 28 2 just four days before Elizabeth II was crowned The new legislation conferred publicly and legally the reality of a unique constitutional monarchy for Canada 33 34 thereby fulfilling the vision of the Fathers of Confederation 35 36 The royal style and titles of Canadian sovereigns Edit From Title Amending law Monarchs1 July 1867 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith Victoria28 April 1876 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen Defender of the Faith Empress of India Royal Titles Act 1876 UK Victoria22 January 1901 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King Defender of the Faith Emperor of India Common law Edward VII4 November 1901 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith Emperor of India Royal Titles Act 1901 UK Edward VII George V13 May 1927 By the Grace of God of Great Britain Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith Emperor of India Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 UK George V Edward VIII George VI22 June 1948 By the Grace of God of Great Britain Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith Royal Style and Titles Act 1947 Can George VI6 February 1952 By the Grace of God of Great Britain Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen Defender of the Faith Common law Elizabeth II29 May 1953 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 Can Elizabeth II8 September 2022 By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom Canada and His other Realms and Territories King Head of the Commonwealth Defender of the Faith Common law Charles IIISee also EditStyle of the British sovereign Style of the French sovereignReferences Edit Bousfield Arthur Toffoli Gary 2002 Fifty Years the Queen Toronto Dundurn Press p 75 ISBN 1 55002 360 8 a b c d Proclamation of May 28 1953 published in the Canada Gazette volume 87 number 6 Extra 29 May 1953 pages 1 2 King Charles III proclaimed Canada s new head of state in ceremony at Rideau Hall Globe and Mail Canadian Press September 10 2022 Retrieved September 10 2022 a b Elizabeth II 1985 2harvnb error no target CITEREFElizabeth II1985 help St Laurent Louis 1952 Speech to the House of Commons written at Ottawa Canada at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II Toronto Ryerson Press published 1 January 1953 Smy William A 2008 Royal titles and styles The Loyalist Gazette Toronto United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada XLVI 1 Retrieved 3 January 2011 The Kings and Queens of Canada PDF Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 07 27 Retrieved 29 May 2013 The Queen of Canada is dead long live the British queen Maclean s Rogers Communications 2 March 2013 retrieved 29 May 2013 Department of Canadian Heritage The Queen of Canada Queen s Printer for Canada Archived from the original on 2012 12 27 Retrieved 29 May 2013 A Crown of Maples Ottawa Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2012 p 2 ISBN 978 1 100 20079 8 Forsey Eugene A 2012 How Canadians Govern Themselves Ottawa Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada p 1 ISBN 978 1 100 20078 1 MacLeod Kevin S 2008 A Crown of Maples PDF 1 ed Ottawa Queen s Printer for Canada p 10 ISBN 978 0 662 46012 1 retrieved 23 September 2009 Bousfield 2002 p 12harvnb error no target CITEREFBousfield2002 help Royal Visit Time 21 October 1957 ISSN 0040 781X archived from the original on 2008 12 06 retrieved 23 September 2009 Department of National Defence Sequence for Wearing Orders Decorations and Medals PDF Ottawa Queen s Printer for Canada archived from the original PDF on 19 July 2011 retrieved 2 December 2009 a b St Laurent Louis 3 February 1953 Hansard written at Ottawa in Toffoli Gary Bousfield Arthur eds Queen of Canada Toronto Canadian Royal Heritage Trust retrieved 7 October 2009 Heritage Saint John gt Canadian Heraldry Heritage Resources of Saint John and New Brunswick Community College Archived from the original on March 6 2005 Retrieved 3 July 2009 The Royal Household The Queen and the Commonwealth gt Queen and Canada gt History and present government Queen s Printer Retrieved 3 July 2009 The Crown in Canada PDF Department of Canadian Heritage 2005 p 7 Retrieved 3 July 2009 Department of Canadian Heritage 25 January 2016 Styles of address Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Retrieved 23 April 2016 a b Bousfield 2002 p 76harvnb error no target CITEREFBousfield2002 help Pearson Lester 3 February 1953 Hansard written at Ottawa in Toffoli Gary Bousfield Arthur eds Queen of Canada Toronto Canadian Royal Heritage Trust retrieved 7 October 2009 King of Canada title urged by Quebec M P Toronto Daily Star p 12 6 November 1945 retrieved 14 October 2010 King of Canada Ottawa Citizen p 21 9 November 1945 retrieved 14 October 2010 King of Canada Ottawa Citizen p 15 7 November 1945 retrieved 14 October 2010 King William Lyon Mackenzie Order in Council in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade ed Documents on Canadian External Relations vol 14 1 Ottawa Queen s Printer for Canada retrieved 8 October 2009 a b Privy Council Office 24 November 1952 Memorandum for Prime Minister in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade ed Documents on Canadian External Relations vol 18 2 Ottawa Queen s Printer for Canada archived from the original on 23 November 2011 retrieved 23 September 2009 Privy Council Office 19 January 1949 Extract from Cabinet Conclusions in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade ed Documents on Canadian External Relations vol 15 2 Ottawa Queen s Printer for Canada retrieved 8 October 2009 Smith David E The Crown and the Constitution Sustaining Democracy PDF Queen s University retrieved 4 March 2021 Lloyd Lorna 2007 Diplomacy With a Difference The Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner 1880 2006 Lieden Martinus Nijhoff Publishers p 146 ISBN 978 90 04 15497 1 Rinfret Thibaudeau 6 February 1952 Notice and Proclamations in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade ed Documents on Canadian External Relations vol 14 1 Ottawa Queen s Printer for Canada archived from the original on 15 May 2013 retrieved 8 October 2009 Twomey Anne 2006 The Chameleon Crown Sydney Federation Press p 105 ISBN 9781862876293 Trepanier Peter 2004 Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition PDF Canadian Parliamentary Review Ottawa Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 27 2 28 archived from the original PDF on 9 October 2012 retrieved 8 October 2009 McCreery Christopher 2012 Commemorative Medals of the Queen s Reign in Canada 1952 2012 Toronto Dundurn Press p 47 ISBN 9781459707566 Bousfield Arthur Toffoli Garry Elizabeth II Queen of Canada Canadian Royal Heritage Trust Archived from the original on 18 June 2009 Retrieved 24 September 2009 Tupper William 1988 Two Perspectives on the Queen in Canada PDF Canadian Parliamentary Review Ottawa Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 11 3 8 retrieved 14 December 2009External links EditRoyal Style and Titles Act R S C 1985 c R 12 Buckingham Palace The Royal Family Style and Titles of the Queen Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Style and title of the Canadian sovereign amp oldid 1129664416, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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