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Sunda Strait

January 01, 1970

The Sunda Strait (Indonesian: Selat Sunda) is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean.

Sunda Strait
Selat Sunda (Indonesian)
H.C.S. Sir David Scott at the entrance to Sunda Strait, February 1830
Sunda Strait
Coordinates5°55′S 105°53′E / 5.92°S 105.88°E / -5.92; 105.88
TypeStrait
EtymologySunda Kingdom
Part ofJava Sea
Basin countriesIndonesia
Min. width24 km (15 mi)
Average depth−20 m (−66 ft)

Etymology edit

The strait takes its name from the Sunda Kingdom, which ruled the western portion of Java (an area covering the present day West Java, Jakarta, Banten, and some of western Central Java) from 669 to around 1579.[1]

The name also alludes to the Sundanese people native to West Java and Banten.[1]

Geography edit

 
Map of the Sunda Strait in 1729 by Pierre van der Aa

Extending in a roughly southwest/northeast orientation, with a minimum width of 24 km (15 mi) at its northeastern end between Cape Tua on Sumatra and Cape Pujat on Java, the strait is part of the Java Sea.[2][3] It is essentially triangular in shape, with two large bays on its northern side. It is also very broad and deep at its southwestern end, but as it narrows to the northeast it becomes much shallower, with a minimum depth of only 20 m (66 ft) in parts of its northeastern end.[3]

The strait is notoriously difficult to navigate because of this shallowness, very strong tidal currents, sandbanks, and man-made obstructions such as oil platforms off the Java coast.[3]

For centuries, the strait was an important shipping route, especially during the period when the Dutch East India Company used it as the gateway to the Spice Islands of Indonesia (1602–1799). However, its narrowness, shallowness, and lack of accurate charting make it unsuitable for many modern, large ships, most of which use the Strait of Malacca instead.[3]

The strait is dotted with a number of islands, many of which are volcanic in origin. They include: Sangiang (Thwart-the-Way), Sebesi, Sebuku, and Panaitan (Prince's). The 1883 eruption of Krakatau, one of these islands, had a profound effect on the area, both short and long term. Tsunamis and pyroclastic flows which floated on clouds of steam killed tens of thousands. Out of 3,000 people on nearby Sebesi at the time, not one survived. Some land was never resettled and became Ujung Kulon National Park.

 
Siger Tower, Bakauheni, Sumatra, at the strait's northeastern entrance

The Krakatoa eruption drastically altered the topography of the strait, with as much as 18–21 km3 of ignimbrite being deposited over an area of 1.1 million km2 around the volcano. However, the population has recovered and much of the coastline is now very densely populated. Aside from Krakatoa's sole remaining peak, Rakata, the Krakatoa Archipelago consists of the islands of Lang (Panjang or Rakata Kecil), Verlaten (Sertung), and most recently, Anak Krakatau, which emerged in 1927 from the original Krakatoa's shattered remains.

Battle of Sunda Strait edit

On March 1, 1942, the Battle of Sunda Strait—part of the larger Battle of the Java Sea—took place when the Allied cruisers HMAS Perth and USS Houston encountered a Japanese amphibious landing force near Bantam, commanded by Rear Admiral Kenzaburo Hara.[4] That force included a light cruiser and eleven destroyers, four heavy cruisers and a light aircraft carrier.[5] The two Allied cruisers were sunk, while a Japanese minesweeper and a transport vessel were sunk by friendly fire.[3]

Planned bridge edit

Main article: Sunda Strait Bridge

In the 1960s proposals were made for a bridge across the Sunda Strait, and in the 1990s further suggestions arose. A new plan was announced in October 2007. It would use the islands of Ular, Sangiang and Prajurit to create a four-part suspension bridge reaching 70 metres (230 ft) above sea level. This bridge would have a maximum span of 3 kilometers, around 50% longer than the current record holder, the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge. Construction was projected to begin in 2014 if funding of at least US$10 billion could be secured.[6]

An accord was signed in April 2012 with China Railway Construction Corporation for an $11 billion road and double track rail bridge.[7] However, in November 2014 the incoming government of President Joko Widodo shelved plans to build the bridge.[8]

Islands in the strait edit

Bays edit

Gallery of nearby important channels edit

See also edit

Geostrategic context
Local context

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Sunda Islands". Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
  2. ^ (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e Freeman, Donald B. (2003). Straits of Malacca: Gateway Or Gauntlet?. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0773525157.
  4. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Rear-Admiral Kenzaburo Hara". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942.
  5. ^ Visser, Jan (1999–2000). . Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942. Archived from the original on 2014-12-03.
  6. ^ Forbes, Mark (October 5, 2007). "Bridge plan to link Java and Sumatra". The Age. Melbourne.
  7. ^ Railway Gazette International June 2012 p25
  8. ^ Satria Sambijantoro, 'No more Sunda Strait Bridge plan', The Jakarta Post, 3 November 2014. See also 'New Government Will Not Prioritize Sunda Strait Bridge Project' 2019-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Global Indonesian Voices, 2 November 2014.

January 01, 1970
sunda, strait, indonesian, selat, sunda, strait, between, indonesian, islands, java, sumatra, connects, java, with, indian, ocean, selat, sunda, indonesian, david, scott, entrance, february, 1830coordinates5, 88typestraitetymologysunda, kingdompart, ofjava, se. The Sunda Strait Indonesian Selat Sunda is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean Sunda StraitSelat Sunda Indonesian H C S Sir David Scott at the entrance to Sunda Strait February 1830Sunda StraitCoordinates5 55 S 105 53 E 5 92 S 105 88 E 5 92 105 88TypeStraitEtymologySunda KingdomPart ofJava SeaBasin countriesIndonesiaMin width24 km 15 mi Average depth 20 m 66 ft Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 3 Battle of Sunda Strait 4 Planned bridge 5 Islands in the strait 5 1 Bays 6 Gallery of nearby important channels 7 See also 8 ReferencesEtymology editThe strait takes its name from the Sunda Kingdom which ruled the western portion of Java an area covering the present day West Java Jakarta Banten and some of western Central Java from 669 to around 1579 1 The name also alludes to the Sundanese people native to West Java and Banten 1 Geography edit nbsp Map of the Sunda Strait in 1729 by Pierre van der Aa Extending in a roughly southwest northeast orientation with a minimum width of 24 km 15 mi at its northeastern end between Cape Tua on Sumatra and Cape Pujat on Java the strait is part of the Java Sea 2 3 It is essentially triangular in shape with two large bays on its northern side It is also very broad and deep at its southwestern end but as it narrows to the northeast it becomes much shallower with a minimum depth of only 20 m 66 ft in parts of its northeastern end 3 The strait is notoriously difficult to navigate because of this shallowness very strong tidal currents sandbanks and man made obstructions such as oil platforms off the Java coast 3 For centuries the strait was an important shipping route especially during the period when the Dutch East India Company used it as the gateway to the Spice Islands of Indonesia 1602 1799 However its narrowness shallowness and lack of accurate charting make it unsuitable for many modern large ships most of which use the Strait of Malacca instead 3 The strait is dotted with a number of islands many of which are volcanic in origin They include Sangiang Thwart the Way Sebesi Sebuku and Panaitan Prince s The 1883 eruption of Krakatau one of these islands had a profound effect on the area both short and long term Tsunamis and pyroclastic flows which floated on clouds of steam killed tens of thousands Out of 3 000 people on nearby Sebesi at the time not one survived Some land was never resettled and became Ujung Kulon National Park nbsp Siger Tower Bakauheni Sumatra at the strait s northeastern entrance The Krakatoa eruption drastically altered the topography of the strait with as much as 18 21 km3 of ignimbrite being deposited over an area of 1 1 million km2 around the volcano However the population has recovered and much of the coastline is now very densely populated Aside from Krakatoa s sole remaining peak Rakata the Krakatoa Archipelago consists of the islands of Lang Panjang or Rakata Kecil Verlaten Sertung and most recently Anak Krakatau which emerged in 1927 from the original Krakatoa s shattered remains Battle of Sunda Strait editOn March 1 1942 the Battle of Sunda Strait part of the larger Battle of the Java Sea took place when the Allied cruisers HMAS Perth and USS Houston encountered a Japanese amphibious landing force near Bantam commanded by Rear Admiral Kenzaburo Hara 4 That force included a light cruiser and eleven destroyers four heavy cruisers and a light aircraft carrier 5 The two Allied cruisers were sunk while a Japanese minesweeper and a transport vessel were sunk by friendly fire 3 Planned bridge editMain article Sunda Strait Bridge In the 1960s proposals were made for a bridge across the Sunda Strait and in the 1990s further suggestions arose A new plan was announced in October 2007 It would use the islands of Ular Sangiang and Prajurit to create a four part suspension bridge reaching 70 metres 230 ft above sea level This bridge would have a maximum span of 3 kilometers around 50 longer than the current record holder the 1915 Canakkale Bridge Construction was projected to begin in 2014 if funding of at least US 10 billion could be secured 6 An accord was signed in April 2012 with China Railway Construction Corporation for an 11 billion road and double track rail bridge 7 However in November 2014 the incoming government of President Joko Widodo shelved plans to build the bridge 8 Islands in the strait editCalmeyer Krakatau Archipelago Anak Krakatau Krakatau mostly destroyed volcanic island Danan volcano destroyed volcanic cone on Krakatau Perboewatan destroyed volcanic cone on Krakatau Rakata partially destroyed volcanic cone and remnant of original island Poolsche Hoed destroyed in 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Panjang or Rakata Ketjil Lang Sertung Verlaten Legundi Panaitan Prince s Island Peucang Handeuleum Sangiang Thwart the way Sebesi Sebuku Steers island Tabuan Bays edit Lampung Bay Sumatra Semangka Bay SumatraGallery of nearby important channels edit nbsp Gulf of Mannar nbsp Cocos Strait Duncan Passage and other Indian channels nbsp Cocos Strait is at the northern end of Andaman Islands in red square nbsp Ten Degrees Channel nbsp Ten Degrees Channel closeup nbsp Malacca Strait nbsp Singapore Strait nbsp Sunda Strait nbsp Lombok Strait nbsp South China Sea Malacca Strait Gulf of Thailand Sulu Sea Celebes SeaSee also editGeostrategic context Andaman and Nicobar Command Andaman Sea Bay of Bengal Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia Exclusive economic zone of India Local context Sunda Straits Crisis Java Head Kra Canal Lombok Strait Makassar Strait Malaccamax List of road rail bridges 2018 Sunda Strait tsunamiReferences edit a b Sunda Islands Concise Dictionary of World Place Names John Everett Heath Oxford University Press 2005 Oxford Reference Online Oxford University Press Limits of Oceans and Seas 3rd edition PDF International Hydrographic Organization 1953 Archived from the original PDF on 8 October 2011 Retrieved 28 December 2020 a b c d e Freeman Donald B 2003 Straits of Malacca Gateway Or Gauntlet Montreal McGill Queen s University Press ISBN 0773525157 L Klemen 1999 2000 Rear Admiral Kenzaburo Hara Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Visser Jan 1999 2000 The Sunda Strait Battle Forgotten Campaign The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941 1942 Archived from the original on 2014 12 03 Forbes Mark October 5 2007 Bridge plan to link Java and Sumatra The Age Melbourne Railway Gazette International June 2012 p25 Satria Sambijantoro No more Sunda Strait Bridge plan The Jakarta Post 3 November 2014 See also New Government Will Not Prioritize Sunda Strait Bridge Project Archived 2019 06 20 at the Wayback Machine Global Indonesian Voices 2 November 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sunda Strait amp oldid 1219164118, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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