fbpx
Wikipedia

Charles de Wailly

January 01, 2023

Charles de Wailly[1] (French pronunciation: ​[ʃaʁl də waji]) (9 November 1730 – 2 November 1798) was a French architect and urbanist, and furniture designer, one of the principals in the Neoclassical revival of the Antique. His major work was the Théâtre de l'Odéon for the Comédie-Française (1779–82). In his designs, de Wailly showed a predilection for the perfect figure, the circle.

Charles de Wailly (1789), bust by Augustin Pajou

Biography

De Wailly was born in Paris. Starting in 1749, he was the pupil of Jacques-François Blondel at l'École des Arts, where he met William Chambers and had as a schoolmate Marie-Joseph Peyre; later he studied with Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni and with Jean-Laurent Le Geay. After having obtained the Prix de Rome for architecture in 1752 he went to the French Academy in Rome for three years until 1755, sharing his prize with his friend Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux. Both participated in the excavations at the Baths of Diocletian. In Rome, de Wailly founded a friendship with the sculptor Augustin Pajou, who was to carve his bust and that of his wife and for whom, in 1776, he would build a house adjoining his own, in Paris.

 
Project for transforming the Panthéon into a temple to the republic.

On his return to Paris de Wailly showed his mastery of the earliest version of neoclassicism, being called the "Goût grec", by exhibiting a table with a lapis lazuli top and gilt-bronze mounts and a granite vase in the "goût antique" at the Salon of 1761; they were designed to be manifestos of a new taste, as the squib inserted in the Mercure de France states, in a "very noble style, far removed from the frippery manner ("air de colifichet") which has reigned so long in our furnishings."[2]

About 1764, for the sumptuous Hôtel d'Argenson de Voyer, which he remodelled for Marc-René d'Argenson, marquis de Voyez in an advanced neoclassical style, he designed the gilt-bronze mounted marble and porphyry vase on pedestal that is now in the Wallace Collection, London;[3] from de Wailly's drawings the sculptor Augustin Pajou made the wax models for the mounts.

In 1767, de Wailly was accepted as a member of the first class of the Académie royale d'architecture and, in 1771, was accepted in the Académie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, the only professional architect of the time to win admission, a mark of his great facility as a draughtsman.[4] Henceforth de Wailly regularly exhibited at the Paris Salons his renderings, designs and models. He gained wider publicity when two of his designs were engraved for the Encyclopédie and two more for the monumental Description de la france of the 1780s.

His reputation abroad grew through engravings of his works; he became particularly popular in Russia, where his disciples, some of whom went to Paris to study with him directly, included Vasily Bazhenov, Ivan Starov, and Andrey Voronikhin. Catherine the Great offered him a high post in the Imperial Academy of Arts, St Petersburg, which he refused.

 
The pulpit, Saint-Sulpice, Paris, 1788-89

In 1772, he was named site architect of the Château de Fontainebleau, jointly with Marie-Joseph Peyre. The following year, he was authorized to leave for a long stay in Genoa, to redecorate the seventeenth-century palace of Cristoforo Spinola in the Strada Nuova,[5] working in tandem with Andrea Tagliafichi: the building was badly damaged in 1942. He was to return on several occasions to work in Italy.

 
 
Comédie-Française (Odéon), long section and view of the vestibule, based on the second (1770) project

Noticed by the Marquis de Marigny, brother of Mme de Pompadour and general director of the Bâtiments du Roi, de Wailly worked in the park of Marigny's Château de Menars and, thanks to his support, managed to obtain the commission of a new theatre for the Comédie-Française. In 1779, de Wailly and Peyre built their most famous work, the theatre of Odéon in Paris (see below). De Wailly also designed a project for the Opéra-Comique.

In 1795, he was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts – 3rd section (architecture), fauteuil V. With his death, Jean Chalgrin succeeded to his seat. He became conservator of the museum of painting in 1795 and was sent to the Netherlands and Belgium to select works of art after the annexation of these countries.

He married Adélaïde Flore Belleville who, after his death, remarried in 1800 to the chemist Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy. He was the brother of lexicographer Noël François de Wailly.

De Wailly died in Paris in 1798.

Works

France

 
Maison 57 rue La Boétie, Paris, 1776.
 
View of the Château de Montmusard. 1765 engraving by de Wailly.
 
Chateau de Montmusard: section and plan
 
Theatre of the Château de Seneffe, 1779. Elevation and plan.
  • Hôtel d'Argenson (also called the Hôtel de la chancellerie d'Orléans), near the Palais Royal in Paris (destroyed in 1923): interior installations carried out for the Comte d' Argenson[6] (1762–1770).
  • Transformation of the Château des Ormes in Les Ormes (Vienne) for the comte d'Argenson.
  • Château de Montmusard near Dijon (Côte d'Or) (1765–1768): main architectural work of the Goût Grec in France, unfortunately mainly destroyed as of 1795.
  • Maison 57 rue La Boétie in Paris, constructed by de Wailly for himself (1776).
  • Maison 87 rue de la Pépinière, today rue La Boétie, for the sculptor Augustin Pajou.
  • Decoration of the chapel of the Virgin in Saint-Sulpice (1774–1777).
  • Temple des Arts at the Château de Menars (Loir-et-Cher) for the marquis de Marigny. De Wailly also provided and project for a Temple du Repos for the park at Ménars, which was not executed.
  • Théâtre de l'Odéon (1779–1782) : From 1767, on commission from Marigny, Directeur des Bâtiments du Roi, Marie-Joseph Peyre and de Wailly designed the new theatre of the Comédie-Française. On 26 March 1770, an order in council authorized the execution of the project on the grounds of the garden of the hôtel of the prince de Condé, who expected to be rid of the property in expectations of setting up in the Palais-Bourbon. De Wailly was the protégé of Marigny and Peyre the architect of the Condé, a friend of de Wailly since their days as pensionnaires in Rome. The project, revised more than once, had to undergo the approval both of the architects from the royal department in charge of fêtes and other entertainments, the Menus Plaisirs, Denis-Claude Liégeon et Jean Damun, who were backed by the members of the Comédie and also by the City of Paris, represented by its architect, Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux. In the outcome, and thanks to the protection of Monsieur, brother of the King, the plans of Peyre and de Wailly finally won the day in the autumn of 1778. Works began in May 1779. Peyre would be principally responsible for the exterior and de Wailly for the interiors. On 16 February 1782, the troupe of the Comédie-Française were established in their own precincts. The theatre was inaugurated by Marie Antoinette, 9 April 1782.[7]
  • De Wailly gave an overall plan for the construction of the district around the new theatre, allotting a Cartesian plan. The buildings however were not carried out until a long time after the completion of the theatre, towards 1794.
  • At the Église Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles, Rue Saint-Denis in Paris: de Wailly created a choir for the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, and an underground crypt decorated in an original Doric order.
  • Project for embellishment of the town of Paris (1789): this first plan for remanagement acts to foreground the overall refitting of the capital, with creating new passageways, reuniting the îles de la Cité and Saint-Louis, correction of the course of the Seine, etc.[1]
  • Plan of new Port-Vendres.
  • Chapelle du Reposoir, Palace of Versailles.

Belgium

 
Royal Castle of Laeken.

Germany

  • Reorganisation of Kassel city center.

Russia

Notes

  1. ^ The "de" in the name "de Wailly" is not a nobiliary particle but finds its origin in the Flemish definite article "der".[citation needed] It is usual practice to refer to him as "de Wailly" ("De Wailly" at the beginning of a sentence) and not "Wailly". However, the name is generally indexed as "Wailly, Charles de". (An exception is found in Eriksen 1974, however, his example has not been followed by subsequent authors, such as Braham 1980 or Cleary 1998.) During the Revolution de Wailly began to sign his name "Dewailly" (Braham 1972, p. 673 note 7), but this form of the name has not been generally adopted.
  2. ^ Eriksen 1974, p. 274.
  3. ^ Illustrated in Duffy 2005, p. 188.
  4. ^ Braham 1972, p. 673, noting the case of Charles-Louis Clérisseau's debatable position as a working architect.
  5. ^ An elevation of the salone, dated 1773, is in the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris.
  6. ^ Son of Marc-Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy, comte d'Argenson (1696–1764). According to certain authors the patron would have been the marquis Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1722-1787).
  7. ^ Théâtre de l'Odéon at Structurae

References

  • Braham, Allan (1972). "Charles de Wailly and Early Neo-Classicism", The Burlington Magazine 114 No. 835 (October 1972), pp. 670–685.
  • Braham, Allan (1980). The Architecture of the French Enlightenment. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520067394.
  • Cleary, Richard (1998). "Wailly, Charles de" in Turner 1998, vol. 32, pp. 766–769.
  • Duffy, Stephen (2005). The Wallace Collection. London: Scala. ISBN 9781857594126. ISBN 9781857594225 (paperback).
  • Eriksen, Svend (1974). Early Neo-Classicism in France, translated by Peter Thornton. London: Faber & Faber.
  • Rabreau, D.; Mosser, M. (1979). Charles De Wailly (1730-1798), peintre-architecte dans l'Europe des Lumières. Paris: Caisse nationale des monuments historiques et des sites.
  • Réau, Louis (1924). Histoire de l'expansion de l'art français: le monde slave. Listings at WorldCat.
  • Turner, Jane, editor (1998). The Dictionary of Art, reprinted with minor corrections, 34 volumes. New York: Grove. ISBN 9781884446009.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles De Wailly.

January 01, 2023
charles, wailly, french, pronunciation, ʃaʁl, waji, november, 1730, november, 1798, french, architect, urbanist, furniture, designer, principals, neoclassical, revival, antique, major, work, théâtre, odéon, comédie, française, 1779, designs, wailly, showed, pr. Charles de Wailly 1 French pronunciation ʃaʁl de waji 9 November 1730 2 November 1798 was a French architect and urbanist and furniture designer one of the principals in the Neoclassical revival of the Antique His major work was the Theatre de l Odeon for the Comedie Francaise 1779 82 In his designs de Wailly showed a predilection for the perfect figure the circle Charles de Wailly 1789 bust by Augustin Pajou Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2 1 France 2 2 Belgium 2 3 Germany 2 4 Russia 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksBiography EditDe Wailly was born in Paris Starting in 1749 he was the pupil of Jacques Francois Blondel at l Ecole des Arts where he met William Chambers and had as a schoolmate Marie Joseph Peyre later he studied with Giovanni Niccolo Servandoni and with Jean Laurent Le Geay After having obtained the Prix de Rome for architecture in 1752 he went to the French Academy in Rome for three years until 1755 sharing his prize with his friend Pierre Louis Moreau Desproux Both participated in the excavations at the Baths of Diocletian In Rome de Wailly founded a friendship with the sculptor Augustin Pajou who was to carve his bust and that of his wife and for whom in 1776 he would build a house adjoining his own in Paris Project for transforming the Pantheon into a temple to the republic On his return to Paris de Wailly showed his mastery of the earliest version of neoclassicism being called the Gout grec by exhibiting a table with a lapis lazuli top and gilt bronze mounts and a granite vase in the gout antique at the Salon of 1761 they were designed to be manifestos of a new taste as the squib inserted in the Mercure de France states in a very noble style far removed from the frippery manner air de colifichet which has reigned so long in our furnishings 2 About 1764 for the sumptuous Hotel d Argenson de Voyer which he remodelled for Marc Rene d Argenson marquis de Voyez in an advanced neoclassical style he designed the gilt bronze mounted marble and porphyry vase on pedestal that is now in the Wallace Collection London 3 from de Wailly s drawings the sculptor Augustin Pajou made the wax models for the mounts In 1767 de Wailly was accepted as a member of the first class of the Academie royale d architecture and in 1771 was accepted in the Academie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture the only professional architect of the time to win admission a mark of his great facility as a draughtsman 4 Henceforth de Wailly regularly exhibited at the Paris Salons his renderings designs and models He gained wider publicity when two of his designs were engraved for the Encyclopedie and two more for the monumental Description de la france of the 1780s His reputation abroad grew through engravings of his works he became particularly popular in Russia where his disciples some of whom went to Paris to study with him directly included Vasily Bazhenov Ivan Starov and Andrey Voronikhin Catherine the Great offered him a high post in the Imperial Academy of Arts St Petersburg which he refused The pulpit Saint Sulpice Paris 1788 89 In 1772 he was named site architect of the Chateau de Fontainebleau jointly with Marie Joseph Peyre The following year he was authorized to leave for a long stay in Genoa to redecorate the seventeenth century palace of Cristoforo Spinola in the Strada Nuova 5 working in tandem with Andrea Tagliafichi the building was badly damaged in 1942 He was to return on several occasions to work in Italy Comedie Francaise Odeon long section and view of the vestibule based on the second 1770 project Noticed by the Marquis de Marigny brother of Mme de Pompadour and general director of the Batiments du Roi de Wailly worked in the park of Marigny s Chateau de Menars and thanks to his support managed to obtain the commission of a new theatre for the Comedie Francaise In 1779 de Wailly and Peyre built their most famous work the theatre of Odeon in Paris see below De Wailly also designed a project for the Opera Comique In 1795 he was elected to the Academie des Beaux Arts 3rd section architecture fauteuil V With his death Jean Chalgrin succeeded to his seat He became conservator of the museum of painting in 1795 and was sent to the Netherlands and Belgium to select works of art after the annexation of these countries He married Adelaide Flore Belleville who after his death remarried in 1800 to the chemist Antoine Francois comte de Fourcroy He was the brother of lexicographer Noel Francois de Wailly De Wailly died in Paris in 1798 Works EditFrance Edit Maison 57 rue La Boetie Paris 1776 View of the Chateau de Montmusard 1765 engraving by de Wailly Chateau de Montmusard section and plan Theatre of the Chateau de Seneffe 1779 Elevation and plan Hotel d Argenson also called the Hotel de la chancellerie d Orleans near the Palais Royal in Paris destroyed in 1923 interior installations carried out for the Comte d Argenson 6 1762 1770 Transformation of the Chateau des Ormes in Les Ormes Vienne for the comte d Argenson Chateau de Montmusard near Dijon Cote d Or 1765 1768 main architectural work of the Gout Grec in France unfortunately mainly destroyed as of 1795 Maison 57 rue La Boetie in Paris constructed by de Wailly for himself 1776 Maison 87 rue de la Pepiniere today rue La Boetie for the sculptor Augustin Pajou Decoration of the chapel of the Virgin in Saint Sulpice 1774 1777 Temple des Arts at the Chateau de Menars Loir et Cher for the marquis de Marigny De Wailly also provided and project for a Temple du Repos for the park at Menars which was not executed Theatre de l Odeon 1779 1782 From 1767 on commission from Marigny Directeur des Batiments du Roi Marie Joseph Peyre and de Wailly designed the new theatre of the Comedie Francaise On 26 March 1770 an order in council authorized the execution of the project on the grounds of the garden of the hotel of the prince de Conde who expected to be rid of the property in expectations of setting up in the Palais Bourbon De Wailly was the protege of Marigny and Peyre the architect of the Conde a friend of de Wailly since their days as pensionnaires in Rome The project revised more than once had to undergo the approval both of the architects from the royal department in charge of fetes and other entertainments the Menus Plaisirs Denis Claude Liegeon et Jean Damun who were backed by the members of the Comedie and also by the City of Paris represented by its architect Pierre Louis Moreau Desproux In the outcome and thanks to the protection of Monsieur brother of the King the plans of Peyre and de Wailly finally won the day in the autumn of 1778 Works began in May 1779 Peyre would be principally responsible for the exterior and de Wailly for the interiors On 16 February 1782 the troupe of the Comedie Francaise were established in their own precincts The theatre was inaugurated by Marie Antoinette 9 April 1782 7 De Wailly gave an overall plan for the construction of the district around the new theatre allotting a Cartesian plan The buildings however were not carried out until a long time after the completion of the theatre towards 1794 At the Eglise Saint Leu Saint Gilles Rue Saint Denis in Paris de Wailly created a choir for the Order of the Holy Sepulchre and an underground crypt decorated in an original Doric order Project for embellishment of the town of Paris 1789 this first plan for remanagement acts to foreground the overall refitting of the capital with creating new passageways reuniting the iles de la Cite and Saint Louis correction of the course of the Seine etc 1 Plan of new Port Vendres Chapelle du Reposoir Palace of Versailles Belgium Edit Royal Castle of Laeken Small theatre of the chateau de Seneffe a Seneffe 1779 Vaux Hall today Cercle Royal Gaulois Brussels 1782 Theatre Royal du Parc Brussels 1783 Renovation of La Monnaie Brussels 1785 Chateau royal de Laeken Castle Ter Rivierenhof Deurne Antwerp 1779 Germany Edit Reorganisation of Kassel city center Russia Edit Palais Sheremetev in Kuskovo Notes Edit The de in the name de Wailly is not a nobiliary particle but finds its origin in the Flemish definite article der citation needed It is usual practice to refer to him as de Wailly De Wailly at the beginning of a sentence and not Wailly However the name is generally indexed as Wailly Charles de An exception is found in Eriksen 1974 however his example has not been followed by subsequent authors such as Braham 1980 or Cleary 1998 During the Revolution de Wailly began to sign his name Dewailly Braham 1972 p 673 note 7 but this form of the name has not been generally adopted Eriksen 1974 p 274 Illustrated in Duffy 2005 p 188 Braham 1972 p 673 noting the case of Charles Louis Clerisseau s debatable position as a working architect An elevation of the salone dated 1773 is in the Musee des Arts Decoratifs Paris Son of Marc Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy comte d Argenson 1696 1764 According to certain authors the patron would have been the marquis Marc Rene de Voyer de Paulmy d Argenson 1722 1787 Theatre de l Odeon at StructuraeReferences EditBraham Allan 1972 Charles de Wailly and Early Neo Classicism The Burlington Magazine 114 No 835 October 1972 pp 670 685 Braham Allan 1980 The Architecture of the French Enlightenment Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 9780520067394 Cleary Richard 1998 Wailly Charles de in Turner 1998 vol 32 pp 766 769 Duffy Stephen 2005 The Wallace Collection London Scala ISBN 9781857594126 ISBN 9781857594225 paperback Eriksen Svend 1974 Early Neo Classicism in France translated by Peter Thornton London Faber amp Faber Rabreau D Mosser M 1979 Charles De Wailly 1730 1798 peintre architecte dans l Europe des Lumieres Paris Caisse nationale des monuments historiques et des sites Reau Louis 1924 Histoire de l expansion de l art francais le monde slave Listings at WorldCat Turner Jane editor 1998 The Dictionary of Art reprinted with minor corrections 34 volumes New York Grove ISBN 9781884446009 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles De Wailly in French Notice sur le chateau de Montmusard Portrait bust of de Wailly 1789 by Augustin Pajou at the Palais des Beaux Arts de Lille Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charles de Wailly amp oldid 1125869848, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.