Stanley Joel Korsmeyer (June 8, 1950 – March 31, 2005) was an American research scientist known for his work on B cell lymphomas and apoptosis. Born and educated in the US state of Illinois, Korsmeyer spent most of his career as a professor at Washington University School of Medicine and later the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute. He rose to prominence in the early 1980s as a research fellow at the National Cancer Institute. There he co-discovered the genetic cause of most cases of the cancer follicular lymphoma – the misregulation of the gene Bcl-2. Korsmeyer went on to start his own laboratory at Washington University in St. Louis, further studying the role of Bcl-2 in cell biology. His group's work expanded the paradigm of cancer-causing genes, providing the first example of how interfering with programmed cell death could lead to cancer development. Korsmeyer authored over 250 scientific papers over the course of his career. He was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences at the age of 45. Korsmeyer died of lung cancer in 2005, at the age of 54.
Stanley Joel Korsmeyer was born in Beardstown, Illinois, on June 8, 1950, to Willard and Carnell Korsmeyer.[1] His parents were longtime hog farmers – Willard Korsmeyer inherited the farm started by his great-great grandparents, and Carnell Korsmeyer was a past president of the National Pork Board.[2] From an early age, Stanley Korsmeyer – who preferred "Stan" – showed an interest in veterinary medicine.[1] He was heavily involved in his local 4-H club, and at 14 a pair of Hampshire hogs he raised were named Illinois State Fair grand champions, making him the youngest person in the fair's history to receive that honor.[3][4] At some point an early mentor, local veterinarian Robert Goodin, advised him instead to consider a career in biology.[5]
In 1982, Korsmeyer was promoted to senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute.[2] A few years later in 1986, he moved his laboratory to Washington University School of Medicine's Department of Medicine, eventually becoming professor of medicine, director of the Division of Medical Oncology, and a Howard Hughes Investigator.[1][5] There his group continued to work on B-cell lymphomas, showing that mice overexpressing Bcl-2 in their B cells developed long-lived B cells that would accumulate other mutations, leading eventually to cancer.[5] This was the first example establishing dysregulated cell death as a path to oncogenesis, rather than just dysregulated cell proliferation.[5] Korsmeyer's group went on to define the role of Bcl-2 in normal B- and T-cell physiology, and showed that many types of cells require Bcl-2 for their normal development.[5] In 1990, Korsmeyer's group found that Bcl-2 typically resides in mitochondria, sparking further research into how mitochondrial proteins regulate cell death. They went on to define the mechanism by which mitochondria influence apoptosis – via Bcl-2 and a family of related proteins including BID, BAD, and BAX.[8] Korsmeyer synthesized this work into a "rheostat model" of cell death regulation, whereby cell death is governed by the balance of pro- and anti-cell death proteins.[4] Demonstrating this theory, his group showed that cancer cells can be killed either by blocking the anti-death protein Bcl-2, or by activating the pro-death protein BAX.[4]
In 1998, Korsmeyer was recruited to Harvard Medical School to serve as the Sydney Farber Professor of Pathology and Medicine as well as Director of the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute's Program in Molecular Oncology.[2] There his group continued their research into mitochondrial regulators of apoptosis, defining the mechanism by which Bcl-2 and the related Bcl-xL sequester pro-death regulators. Without Bcl-2 suppression, BID and other pro-death regulators oligomerize BAX and BAK, initiating the cell death pathway.[2] This work on apoptosis regulators also revealed roles for these proteins outside of apoptosis. Korsmeyer's group described a role for BAX and BAK maintaining calcium levels in the cell's endoplasmic reticulum, for BAD in regulating glycolysis via glucokinase, and for another anti-apoptotic protein MCL1 in blood cell development.[2]
In remembrance of Korsmeyer, colleague Robert Horvitz said, "He was everybody's hero—as a scientist and as a human being. His contributions were truly major and pioneering, and they revolutionized the field."[1]
Personal life
During his residency in San Francisco, Korsmeyer met and married oncology nurse Susan Reynard.[5] They had two sons together.[5] He was an avid sailor and fisherman throughout his life.[4] Korsmeyer was diagnosed with lung cancer in early 2004.[11] Despite his illness, he continued to work in the laboratory until the end of his life.[2] He died on March 31, 2005, from lung cancer in Boston, Massachusetts.[3][7]
^ abcdefghHockenberry, D. M.; Nuñez, G. (June 17, 2005). "A death in the family: Stanley J. Korsmeyer (1950–2005)". Cell Death and Differentiation. 12 (7): 691–692. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401683. S2CID 26723156.
^Korsmeyer, Stanley J.; Williams, Ralph C., Jr.; Wilson, I. Dodd; Strickland, Robert G. (November 1975). "Lymphocytotoxic antibody in inflammatory bowel disease. A family study". The New England Journal of Medicine. 293 (22): 1117–20. doi:10.1056/NEJM197511272932203. PMID 1186774.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abSullivan, Patricia (April 6, 2005). "Stanley Korsmeyer Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ abScorrano, Luca (June 2005). "Stanley J. Korsmeyer (1950–2005)". Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes. 37 (3): 109. doi:10.1007/s10863-005-7599-8. PMID 16167166. S2CID 41366888.
^In Memoriam (PDF). Scientific Report (Report). Dana–Farber Cancer Institute. 2005. Retrieved November 16, 2022 – via Beardstown CUSD.
August 22, 2023
stanley, korsmeyer, stanley, joel, korsmeyer, june, 1950, march, 2005, american, research, scientist, known, work, cell, lymphomas, apoptosis, born, educated, state, illinois, korsmeyer, spent, most, career, professor, washington, university, school, medicine,. Stanley Joel Korsmeyer June 8 1950 March 31 2005 was an American research scientist known for his work on B cell lymphomas and apoptosis Born and educated in the US state of Illinois Korsmeyer spent most of his career as a professor at Washington University School of Medicine and later the Dana Farber Cancer Institute He rose to prominence in the early 1980s as a research fellow at the National Cancer Institute There he co discovered the genetic cause of most cases of the cancer follicular lymphoma the misregulation of the gene Bcl 2 Korsmeyer went on to start his own laboratory at Washington University in St Louis further studying the role of Bcl 2 in cell biology His group s work expanded the paradigm of cancer causing genes providing the first example of how interfering with programmed cell death could lead to cancer development Korsmeyer authored over 250 scientific papers over the course of his career He was elected to the U S National Academy of Sciences at the age of 45 Korsmeyer died of lung cancer in 2005 at the age of 54 Stanley J KorsmeyerKorsmeyer in 1992Born 1950 06 08 June 8 1950Beardstown Illinois U S DiedMarch 31 2005 2005 03 31 aged 54 Boston Massachusetts U S EducationUniversity of Illinois Urbana Champaign University of Illinois College of Medicine University of California San FranciscoKnown forCo discovering Bcl 2 Studying role of apoptosis in cancer developmentSpouseSusan ReynardChildren2AwardsWiley Prize 2002 Bristol Myers Squibb Award Charles S Mott PrizeScientific careerFieldsCell biologyoncologyInstitutionsNational Cancer Institute Washington University Dana Farber Cancer Institute Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Academic career 3 Personal life 4 ReferencesEarly life and education EditStanley Joel Korsmeyer was born in Beardstown Illinois on June 8 1950 to Willard and Carnell Korsmeyer 1 His parents were longtime hog farmers Willard Korsmeyer inherited the farm started by his great great grandparents and Carnell Korsmeyer was a past president of the National Pork Board 2 From an early age Stanley Korsmeyer who preferred Stan showed an interest in veterinary medicine 1 He was heavily involved in his local 4 H club and at 14 a pair of Hampshire hogs he raised were named Illinois State Fair grand champions making him the youngest person in the fair s history to receive that honor 3 4 At some point an early mentor local veterinarian Robert Goodin advised him instead to consider a career in biology 5 Korsmeyer studied biology as an undergraduate at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign completing his BS in 1972 2 He then moved on to medical school at the University of Illinois College of Medicine in Chicago 5 Here Korsmeyer s talent was recognized by the hematology division chief Paul Heller who encouraged Korsmeyer to pursue a research career 5 1 Heller arranged for Korsmeyer s first research experience with Robert Strickland at the University of New Mexico which resulted in Korsmeyer s first scientific publication a 1975 paper in PNAS 5 6 Korsmeyer completed his MD in 1976 4 then moved to the University of California San Francisco for his intern and residency 1 In 1979 he moved to the U S National Institutes of Health as a research fellow under Thomas A Waldmann 7 8 Collaborating with Philip Leder s group Korsmeyer defined the chromosomal translocation that underlay most follicular lymphoma naming the affected gene Bcl 2 5 Academic career Edit Korsmeyer in his lab at Washington UniversityIn 1982 Korsmeyer was promoted to senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute 2 A few years later in 1986 he moved his laboratory to Washington University School of Medicine s Department of Medicine eventually becoming professor of medicine director of the Division of Medical Oncology and a Howard Hughes Investigator 1 5 There his group continued to work on B cell lymphomas showing that mice overexpressing Bcl 2 in their B cells developed long lived B cells that would accumulate other mutations leading eventually to cancer 5 This was the first example establishing dysregulated cell death as a path to oncogenesis rather than just dysregulated cell proliferation 5 Korsmeyer s group went on to define the role of Bcl 2 in normal B and T cell physiology and showed that many types of cells require Bcl 2 for their normal development 5 In 1990 Korsmeyer s group found that Bcl 2 typically resides in mitochondria sparking further research into how mitochondrial proteins regulate cell death They went on to define the mechanism by which mitochondria influence apoptosis via Bcl 2 and a family of related proteins including BID BAD and BAX 8 Korsmeyer synthesized this work into a rheostat model of cell death regulation whereby cell death is governed by the balance of pro and anti cell death proteins 4 Demonstrating this theory his group showed that cancer cells can be killed either by blocking the anti death protein Bcl 2 or by activating the pro death protein BAX 4 In 1998 Korsmeyer was recruited to Harvard Medical School to serve as the Sydney Farber Professor of Pathology and Medicine as well as Director of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute s Program in Molecular Oncology 2 There his group continued their research into mitochondrial regulators of apoptosis defining the mechanism by which Bcl 2 and the related Bcl xL sequester pro death regulators Without Bcl 2 suppression BID and other pro death regulators oligomerize BAX and BAK initiating the cell death pathway 2 This work on apoptosis regulators also revealed roles for these proteins outside of apoptosis Korsmeyer s group described a role for BAX and BAK maintaining calcium levels in the cell s endoplasmic reticulum for BAD in regulating glycolysis via glucokinase and for another anti apoptotic protein MCL1 in blood cell development 2 Over his career in science Korsmeyer published over 250 scientific papers 23 of which had been cited over 500 times at the time of his death 5 Forty of his postdoctoral fellows went on to hold faculty positions of their own 5 Korsmeyer was elected to the National Academy of Sciences at the age of 45 as well as to the National Institute of Medicine American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society 2 1 Korsmeyer received many awards for his research including a Bristol Myers Squibb Award the Charles S Mott Prize the Pezcoller Foundation American Association for Cancer Research International Prize and the American Society of Hematology s Stratton Medal 5 He received the first American Society for Clinical Investigation ASCI Award renamed the Stanley J Korsmeyer Award in his honor in 2006 9 That same year Washington University School of Medicine established the annual Stanley J Korsmeyer Memorial Lecture which brings a renowned cell biologist to the school to speak each year 10 In remembrance of Korsmeyer colleague Robert Horvitz said He was everybody s hero as a scientist and as a human being His contributions were truly major and pioneering and they revolutionized the field 1 Personal life EditDuring his residency in San Francisco Korsmeyer met and married oncology nurse Susan Reynard 5 They had two sons together 5 He was an avid sailor and fisherman throughout his life 4 Korsmeyer was diagnosed with lung cancer in early 2004 11 Despite his illness he continued to work in the laboratory until the end of his life 2 He died on March 31 2005 from lung cancer in Boston Massachusetts 3 7 References Edit a b c d e f g Nathan David G Stanley J Korsmeyer 8 June 1950 31 March 2005 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 151 2 243 246 JSTOR 4599062 a b c d e f g h Hockenberry D M Nunez G June 17 2005 A death in the family Stanley J Korsmeyer 1950 2005 Cell Death and Differentiation 12 7 691 692 doi 10 1038 sj cdd 4401683 S2CID 26723156 a b Benz Edward J Jr Nathan David G Ginder Gordon Horvitz H Robert Ley Timothy J May 18 2006 Stanley J Korsmeyer The Harvard Gazette Retrieved October 6 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b c d e Horvitz H Robert 2005 Stanley J Korsmeyer 1950 2005 Nature 435 161 161 doi 10 1038 435161a PMID 15889078 S2CID 4344568 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Ley Timothy J May 6 2005 Stanley Joel Korsmeyer 1950 2005 Science 308 5723 803 804 doi 10 1126 science 1113842 PMID 15879200 S2CID 82714845 Korsmeyer Stanley J Williams Ralph C Jr Wilson I Dodd Strickland Robert G November 1975 Lymphocytotoxic antibody in inflammatory bowel disease A family study The New England Journal of Medicine 293 22 1117 20 doi 10 1056 NEJM197511272932203 PMID 1186774 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Sullivan Patricia April 6 2005 Stanley Korsmeyer Dies The Washington Post Retrieved November 16 2022 a b Scorrano Luca June 2005 Stanley J Korsmeyer 1950 2005 Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 37 3 109 doi 10 1007 s10863 005 7599 8 PMID 16167166 S2CID 41366888 The Stanley J Korsmeyer Award American Society for Clinical Investigation Retrieved November 2 2022 Schreiber gives Korsmeyer Memorial Lecture Washington University in St Louis May 27 2014 Retrieved November 16 2022 In Memoriam PDF Scientific Report Report Dana Farber Cancer Institute 2005 Retrieved November 16 2022 via Beardstown CUSD Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stanley J Korsmeyer amp oldid 1170028433, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
