Southwest Chief

The Southwest Chief (formerly the Southwest Limited and Super Chief) is a long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak on a 2,265-mile (3,645 km) route between Chicago and Los Angeles through the Midwest and Southwest via Kansas City, Albuquerque, and Flagstaff. Amtrak bills the route as one of its most scenic, with views of the Painted Desert and the Red Cliffs of Sedona, as well as the plains of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado.

Southwest Chief

Southwest Chief in February 2020.
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail, higher-speed rail
Locale	Midwestern and Southwestern United States
Predecessor	Super Chief, El Capitan
First service	May 19, 1974 (1974-05-19) (as Southwest Limited) October 28, 1984 (1984-10-28) (as Southwest Chief)
Current operator(s)	Amtrak
Annual ridership	253,838 (FY23) 13.5%^[a]^[1]
Route
Termini	Chicago, Illinois Los Angeles, California
Stops	31
Distance travelled	2,265 miles (3,645 km)
Average journey time	43 hours
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	3 (westbound) 4 (eastbound)
On-board services
Class(es)	Coach Class Sleeper Service
Disabled access	Train lower level, all stations
Sleeping arrangements	Roomette (2 beds) Bedroom (2 beds) Bedroom Suite (4 beds) Accessible Bedroom (2 beds) Family Bedroom (4 beds)
Catering facilities	Dining car, Café
Observation facilities	Sightseer lounge car
Baggage facilities	Overhead racks, checked baggage available at selected stations
Technical
Rolling stock	GE Genesis Superliner
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Operating speed	55 mph (89 km/h) (avg.) 90 mph (145 km/h) (top)
Track owner(s)	BNSF
Route map Show interactive map Legend 0 mi Chicago pre-1996 route Naperville 28 mi 45 km Joliet (Union Station) Mendota 83 mi 134 km Streator Princeton 104 mi 167 km Chillicothe Galesburg 162 mi 261 km Galesburg (SF Depot) IL IA 220 mi 354 km Fort Madison IA MO 298 mi 480 km La Plata 332 mi 534 km Marceline closed 1997 386 mi 621 km Carrollton proposed Missouri River Runner to St. Louis 437 mi 703 km Kansas City MO KS 477 mi 768 km Lawrence 503 mi 810 km Topeka 549 mi 884 km Emporia closed 1997, proposed 638 mi 1027 km Newton Heartland Flyer to Fort Worth (proposed) 671 mi 1080 km Hutchinson 782 mi 1259 km Dodge City 832 mi 1339 km Garden City KS CO 932 mi 1500 km Lamar 985 mi 1585 km La Junta proposed thru-cars Pueblo 1049 mi 1688 km Colorado Springs 1093 mi 1759 km 1066 mi 1716 km Trinidad CO NM 1089 mi 1753 km Raton 1200 mi 1931 km Las Vegas 1265 mi 2036 km Lamy 1332 mi 2144 km Albuquerque NMRX 1505 mi 2422 km Gallup NM AZ 1633 mi 2628 km Winslow 1691 mi 2721 km Flagstaff 1721 mi 2770 km Williams Junction closed 2018 Seligman^[2] closed 1984 1864 mi 3000 km Kingman AZ CA 1931 mi 3108 km Needles 2100 mi 3380 km Barstow 2137 mi 3439 km Victorville 2184 mi 3515 km San Bernardino pre-1994 route Pomona 2194 mi 3531 km Riverside Pacific Surfliner to San Diego Pasadena 2230 mi 3589 km Fullerton 2256 mi 3631 km Los Angeles All stations are accessible This diagram: view talk edit Show route diagram map

During fiscal year 2023, the Southwest Chief carried 223,654 passengers, a 13.5% increase from FY2022.^[3] However, this is a 25% decrease from its pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership of 338,180 passengers in FY2019.^[4] The route grossed US$43,184,176 in revenue during FY 2018, a 3.8% decrease from FY 2017.^[5]

History

 

Southwest Limited dome car, 1974. Photo by Charles O'Rear.

The Southwest Chief is the successor to the Super Chief, which was inaugurated in 1936 as the flagship train of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. For most of its existence, it was "all-Pullman", carrying sleeping cars only. The Santa Fe merged the Super Chief with its all-coach counterpart, the El Capitan, in 1958. The merged train was known as the Super Chief/El Capitan, but retained the train numbers used by the Super Chief, 17 westbound and 18 eastbound.

Amtrak retained the Super Chief/El Capitan after taking over passenger rail service on May 1, 1971. During summer 1972, it was complemented by the Chief, reviving the name of another notable Chicago–Los Angeles sleeper train operated by the Santa Fe. Amtrak truncated the name to Super Chief in 1973 and, on March 7, 1974, renamed it Southwest Limited after Santa Fe forced Amtrak to discontinue using the Chief brand on its former trains because of a perceived decline in quality after the Amtrak takeover. After subsequent improvements, the Santa Fe allowed Amtrak to change the name to Southwest Chief on October 28, 1984.

The western portion of the Pasadena Subdivision was converted to the Gold Line in the 1990s, requiring the Southwest Chief to be rerouted to the San Bernardino Subdivision between Los Angeles and San Bernardino. Eastbound service was rerouted on November 28, 1993, replacing the stops at Pasadena and Pomona with Fullerton. Westbound service was rerouted on January 15, 1994.^{[6]: 131 [7]} An additional stop at Riverside was added on April 29, 2002.^[8]

Between 1997 and 1998, Amtrak operated the Southwest Chief in conjunction with the Washington–Chicago Capitol Limited. The two trains used the same Superliner equipment sets and passengers traveling on both trains could remain aboard during the layover in Chicago. Originally announced in 1996, Amtrak planned to call this through service National Chief and assign it its own numbers (15/16), but the name and numbers were never used. Amtrak dropped the practice with its May 1998 timetable.^[9][10][11]

Incidents

On October 2, 1979, the Southwest Limited derailed at Lawrence, Kansas. Of the 30 crew and 147 passengers on board, two were killed and 69 were injured. The cause was excessive speed on a curve. Underlying causes included the engineer's unfamiliarity with the route and speed restriction signage having been removed during track repairs.^[12]

On August 9, 1997, the eastbound Southwest Chief derailed about 5 miles northeast of Kingman, Arizona, when a bridge whose undergirding had been washed out by a flash flood collapsed under the weight of the train, which was traveling close to 90 mph (145 km/h). While the lead locomotive stayed on the track, the three trailing locomotives, nine passenger cars, and seven baggage and mail cars derailed. All stayed upright. Of the 325 passengers and crew aboard, 154 were injured and none were killed.^[13]

On October 16, 1999, the westbound Southwest Chief suffered a minor derailment near Ludlow, California, following the Hector Mine earthquake. All the cars stayed upright and four passengers were injured.^[14]

On March 14, 2016, the Southwest Chief derailed 3 miles (4.8 km) from Cimarron, Kansas. Of 14 crew and 128 passengers, 20 were injured. Investigators determined the train derailed after the tracks were knocked out of alignment by a runaway truck from a nearby farm operation that had rolled down a hill and struck the tracks after its owners failed to secure the parking brake.^[15][16]

On June 27, 2022, the eastbound Southwest Chief derailed after striking a dump truck at a level crossing near Mendon, Missouri. Of 12 crew and 275 passengers, 3 deaths and 150 injuries have been reported; the driver of the truck also died.^[17][18]

Operations

 

Boy Scouts unload their equipment at Raton in 2011.

The Southwest Chief runs up to 90 mph (145 km/h) along a significant portion of its route, made possible by automatic train stop systems originally installed by the Santa Fe Railway. Of Amtrak's long-distance routes, only the Texas Eagle runs faster (with a maximum speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) through much of Illinois).^[19]

During the spring and summer, volunteer rangers with the Trails and Rails program from the National Park Service travel on board and provide a narrative between La Junta, Colorado, and Albuquerque, New Mexico. Beginning in May 2013, Trails and Rails volunteers also boarded to provide narration between Chicago and La Plata, Missouri.

From June through August, the Southwest Chief is used by Scouts traveling to and from Philmont Scout Ranch via the Raton station. During those months, Raton station is staffed by Amtrak employees and handles checked baggage.

This route was one of five studied for possible performance improvements by Amtrak in FY 2012.^[20]

Equipment

The Southwest Chief runs Superliner train sets. Trains typically consist of two P40 or P42 locomotives, a baggage car, three or four sleeper cars, a dining car, sightseer lounge and three coach cars.^[21] If demand warrants, a fourth coach is added between Chicago and Kansas City. Private cars or deadhead cars also sometimes ride along.^[22]

As is already happening on all its long-distance routes, Amtrak will replace the P42DCs with modern Siemens ALC-42 locomotives by 2027, and the Superliner cars with new long-distance cars by 2032.^[23]

Route

In 1979, the Southwest Chief route between Kansas City and Emporia was shifted in order to maintain service to Topeka and Lawrence, which would otherwise have lost service when the Texas Chief was discontinued.

Prior to 1996, the Southwest Chief operated in Illinois between Chicago and Galesburg via the ATSF's Chillicothe Subdivision, stopping at Joliet, Streator, and Chillicothe. Following the merger of the Burlington Northern and the Santa Fe in 1996, BNSF constructed a connector track at Cameron, Illinois, which allowed freight and passenger trains to transfer between the BN Mendota Subdivision and the Chillicothe Subdivision.^[24] The Chief was rerouted on the old Burlington Northern through Naperville, Princeton, and Mendota to Galesburg, a route shared with the California Zephyr, Illinois Zephyr, and Carl Sandburg.

In January 1994, the Southwest Chief was rerouted between San Bernardino and Los Angeles onto the Santa Fe Third District via Fullerton and Riverside. Previously, it served Pasadena and Pomona via the Santa Fe Pasadena Subdivision, which was closed to all through traffic following damage to a bridge over the eastbound lanes of Interstate 210 in Arcadia during the Northridge Earthquake.

There were plans to add service to Pueblo and connecting with the proposed Front Range regional rail service between Denver and Pueblo. It would have also run along former Colorado & Southern tracks through Walsenburg, reconnecting with its current alignment at Trinidad. A more recent plan is to run a section of the train to Colorado Springs, Colorado, via Pueblo.^[25]

In May 2022, the Missouri General Assembly approved $1 million of state funds to establish a Southwest Chief infill station in Carrollton, between the Kansas City and La Plata stations. If approved by the governor, the state funds would have to be matched by local agencies.^[26][27]

Issues on midsection of route

 

Southwest Chief #4 arriving at Trinidad, CO

The part of the Southwest Chief's route in western Kansas, southeastern Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico faced uncertainty throughout the 2010s.

In 2010, BNSF said that Amtrak would have to pay for all track maintenance on the portion of the Southwest Chief' route between La Junta and Lamy (Raton and Glorieta Subdivisions), because BNSF does not run any freight trains over this segment.^[28] BNSF also said that they would be lowering the track class on the portion of the Southwest Chief's route between Hutchinson and La Junta from Class IV to Class III and decreasing the passenger train speed limit from 79 mph (127 km/h) to 60 mph (97 km/h).

In return, BNSF proposed rerouting the Southwest Chief from the affected sections of track to its Southern Transcon via Wichita, Amarillo, and Clovis—the same route once used by the San Francisco Chief. To avoid a reroute, Amtrak sought help from the affected states—Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico.^[29] The states eventually contributed money toward rebuilding and rehabilitating the tracks—much of it obtained from federal transportation grants—and the route was not changed.

However, this same part of the Southwest Chief's route was threatened again in 2018 when it became the focal point of a struggle to determine whether to continue Amtrak as a national network or to operate regional stand-alone networks.^[30] The issue arose when Amtrak introduced new requirements for the third renewal grant and raised previously undiscussed technical issues.^[31] A letter dated May 31, 2018, co-signed by 11 Senators, condemned the action and urged providing the match.^[32] In an open letter, former Amtrak President and CEO Joseph H. Boardman said, "The Southwest Chief issue is the battleground whose outcome will determine the fate of American’s national interconnected rail passenger network".^[30]

In June^[when?], Amtrak announced that it was considering the replacement of rail service along the Kansas portion of the Southwest Chief with Amtrak Thruway buses between Albuquerque and Dodge City, where train service east to Chicago would resume.^[33] Senators in the affected area succeeded in offering an amendment to a funding bill. Per a press release from the office of co-sponsor Senator Jerry Moran, "This amendment would provide resources for maintenance and safety improvements along the Southwest Chief route and would compel Amtrak to fulfill its promise of matching funding for the successful TIGER IX discretionary grant ... In addition, this amendment would effectively reverse Amtrak’s decision to substitute rail service with bus service over large segments of the route through FY2019".^[34]

 

Amtrak Southwest Chief (interactive map)

Stations

Amtrak Southwest Chief stations

State	City	Station
Illinois	Chicago	Chicago Union
	Naperville	Naperville
	Mendota	Mendota
	Princeton	Princeton
	Galesburg	Galesburg
Iowa	Fort Madison	Fort Madison
Missouri	La Plata	La Plata
	Kansas City	Kansas City
Kansas	Lawrence	Lawrence
	Topeka	Topeka
	Newton	Newton
	Hutchinson	Hutchinson
	Dodge City	Dodge City
	Garden City	Garden City
Colorado	Lamar	Lamar
	La Junta	La Junta
	Trinidad	Trinidad
New Mexico	Raton	Raton
	Las Vegas	Las Vegas
	Lamy	Lamy
	Albuquerque	Albuquerque
	Gallup	Gallup
Arizona	Winslow	Winslow
	Flagstaff	Flagstaff
	Kingman	Kingman
California	Needles	Needles
	Barstow	Barstow
	Victorville	Victorville
	San Bernardino	San Bernardino
	Riverside	Riverside
	Fullerton	Fullerton
	Los Angeles	Los Angeles Union

Ridership

Traffic by Fiscal Year (October–September)

	Ridership	Change over previous year	Ticket Revenue	Change over previous year
2007^[35]	316,668	-	$37,935,113	-
2008^[35]	331,143	04.6%	$41,079,865	08.3%
2009^[35]	318,025	04.0%	$38,033,503	07.4%
2010^[36]	342,403	07.7%	$41,604,705	09.4%
2011^[36]	354,912	03.7%	$44,184,060	06.2%
2012^[37]	355,316	00.1%	$44,183,540	00.0%
2013^[37]	355,815	00.1%	$45,129,813	02.1%
2014^[38]	352,162	01.0%	$44,631,296	01.1%
2015^[38]	367,267	04.3%	$44,904,314	00.6%
2016^[39]	364,748	00.7%	$43,184,176	03.8%
2017^[40]	363,000	00.5%	-	-
2018^[41]	331,239	08.7%	-	-
2019^[41]	338,180	02.1%	-	-
2020^[42]	186,470	043.0%	-	-
2021^[43]	135,901	027.1%	-	-
2022^[44]	223,654	064.6%	-	-

Notes

1. Amtrak's Fiscal Year (FY) runs from October 1 of the prior year to September 30 of the named year.

References

1. "Amtrak Fiscal Year 2023 Ridership" (PDF). Amtrak. November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
2. . Seligmanhistory.com. Archived from the original on December 30, 2009. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
3. "Amtrak FY23 Ridership" (PDF).
4. https://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/FY19-Year-End-Ridership^{[dead link]}
5. http://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Amtrak-FY16-Ridership-and-Revenue-Fact-Sheet-4_17_17-mm-edits.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
6. Sanders, Craig (2006). Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34705-3.
7. "The Last Train Out". Pasadena Star-News. January 15, 1994. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
8. "Riverside, CA (RIV)". Great American Stations. Amtrak.
9. "Amtrak National Timetable". Timetables.org. November 10, 1996. from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
10. "Amtrak National Timetable". Timetables.org. May 11, 1997. from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
11. "Amtrak National Timetable". Timetables.org. May 17, 1998. from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
12. "Derailment of Amtrak train No. 4 The Southwest Limited on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company Lawrence, Kansas October 2, 1979" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. April 29, 1980. (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
13. Riccardi, Nicholas; Gorman, Tom (August 10, 1997). "Train From L.A. Derails in Arizona; 154 Injured". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
14. Dvorak, John (February 4, 2014). Earthquake Storms: An Unauthorized Biography of the San Andreas Fault. New York: Open Road Media. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-4804-4786-8. from the original on November 22, 2016.
15. "Amtrak train derails in Kansas". BBC News. March 14, 2016. from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
16. ". Dodge City Daily Globe. March 14, 2016. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
17. Shapiro, Emily (June 27, 2022). "Amtrak train with 243 passengers on board derails in Missouri; injuries reported". ABC7 San Francisco. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
18. "NTSB: Amtrak train was below speed limit before fatal crash". AP News. June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
19. Johnston, Bob (May 3, 2023). "110 mph Schedules Coming for Amtrak Chicago-St. Louis Corridor". Trains. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
20. (PDF). Amtrak. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
21. "Amtrak - Southwest Chief". www.trainweb.org. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
22. "On Track On Line – Superliner Sleeper Names". on-track-on-line.com. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
23. "FY 2022-2027 Service and Asset Line Plans" (PDF). Amtrak. 2021. p. 133.
24. "Galesburg to Streator". Donwinter.com. from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
25. "Senators land $225k to study adding Amtrak spur in Colorado Springs". KOAA News 5 Southern Colorado. February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
26. Tingerthal, Tom (May 9, 2022). "Carrollton Approved For AMTRAK Stop Funding". KCHI Radio. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
27. "State Rep. Peggy McGaugh and State Sen. Denny Hoskins Announce Funding for Amtrak Station in Carrollton". The Missouri Times. May 9, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
28. Zimmermann, Karl (September 2, 2019). "Amtrak's Southwest Chief lives to ride the rails another day". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
29. Fred W. Frailey, "Minus its backbone, Amtrak makes a tempting target," Trains, August 2010, 18.
30. Joseph A. Boardman, "Where is the public input? Where is the transparency?" Railway Age, May 10, 2018.
31. Jim Souby, "Amtrak gets big boost from Congress, grant from DOT, reviews long-distance trains," ColoRail Passenger, Issue 84, 2018, 5.
32. ""We write to express our deep concern... "" (PDF).
33. Ben Kuebrich, "Amtrak May End Passenger Rail Service In West Kansas. Moran: 'Amtrak Is Not Doing Its Job'", KCUR
34. Senate Approves Moran, Udall Amendment to Maintain Southwest Chief Train Services Senator Jerry Moran official website August 1, 2018
35. (PDF). Trains Magazine. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
36. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 8, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
37. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 24, 2020.
38. "Amtrak FY15 Ridership & Revenue" (PDF).
39. "Amtrak FY16 Ridership & Revenue" (PDF). Amtrak. April 17, 2017.
40. "Amtrak FY17 Ridership" (PDF).
41. "Amtrak FY19 Ridership" (PDF).
42. Luczak, Marybeth (November 23, 2020). "Amtrak Releases FY 2020 Data". Railway Age. New York: Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
43. "Amtrak FY21 Ridership" (PDF).
44. "Amtrak FY22 Ridership" (PDF).

External links

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