Sophora flavescens, the shrubby sophora,[1] is a species of plant in the genus Sophora of the family Fabaceae. This genus contains about 52 species.[2] It mainly occurs in India, Japan, Korea and Russia.[3]
Sophora flavescens can grow to a height of 2 m. Its stem is marked with stripes and covered in soft hairs when young. The leaves are usually 20-25 cm long, with lanceolate stipules and 13-25 elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate leaflets. The plant produces terminal racemes measuring 15-25 cm, with numerous flowers spaced widely apart. The flowers have slender pedicels and linear bracts with white, pale yellow, purple-red, or red spoon-shaped petals. It blooms from June to August and fruits from July to October.[3]
Distributionedit
Sophora flavescens is native to China and can be found in all provinces in China. It can be also found in India, Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East. It mainly grows on mountainous slopes, sandy grassland inclines, shrub forests, or around the fields, typically at elevations below 1500 meters.[3][4]
Growth and cultivationedit
Sophora flavescens is an evergreen slow growing shrub growing to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) by 1 m (3.3 ft). It is hardy to 0–10 °F (−18 – −12 °C) and to US zone 6. The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil. Like many other species in the family Fabaceae, this species can fix nitrogen.[citation needed]
Chemistryedit
Matrine (left) and its oxide
Chemical compounds isolated from S. flavescens include:
Toxic effects from use of the root may include nausea, dizziness, vomiting, constipation, spasms, disturbance of speech, irregular breathing, respiratory failure and death.[10]
Referencesedit
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sophora flavescens". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
^Krishna, Panthati Murali; Knv, Rao; S, Sandhya; Banji, David (2012). "A review on phytochemical, ethnomedical and pharmacological studies on genus Sophora, Fabaceae". Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 22 (5): 1145–1154. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000043.
^ abc"Sophora flavescens in Flora of China". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^ [Flora of China] (PDF) (in Chinese). Vol. 40. 1994. pp. 81–83. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2024.
^Schwarte A 2002 Phytochemische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen der Wurzeln von Sophora flavescens,unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Wirkung auf die Leukotrien- und Prostaglandinbiosynthese 14 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^Cha, J.-D.; Moon, S.-E.; Kim, J.-Y.; Jung, E.-K.; Lee, Y.-S. (2009). "Antibacterial activity of sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus". Phytotherapy Research. 23 (9): 1326–1331. doi:10.1002/ptr.2540. PMID 19288534. S2CID 3033936.
^Choi, Byung-Min; Oh, Gi-Su; Lee, Jang Won; Mok, Ji Ye; Kim, Dae Keun; Jeong, Seung-Il; Jang, Seon Il (2010). "Prenylated chalcone from Sophora flavescens suppresses Th2 chemokine expression induced by cytokines via heme oxygenase-1 in human keratinocytes". Archives of Pharmacal Research. 33 (5): 753–760. doi:10.1007/s12272-010-0515-8. PMID 20512474. S2CID 41527720.
^Tang KT, Lin CC, Lin SC, Wang JH, Tsai SW (2021). "Kurarinone Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Inhibiting Th1/Th17 Cell Responses and Oxidative Stress". Int J Mol Sci. 22 (8): 4002. doi:10.3390/ijms22084002. PMC8069507. PMID 33924467.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Liu, G.; Dong, J.; Wang, H.; Hashi, Y.; Chen, S. (2011). "Characterization of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 54 (5): 1065–1072. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.024. PMID 21227622.
^Bensky, Dan; Clavey, Steven; Stöger, Erich; Lai Bensky, Lilian (2015). Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica (Portable 3rd ed.). Seattle, USA: Eastland Press. pp. 575–578. ISBN978-0-939616-82-4.
External linksedit
Ya Ling, Jian; Ying Zhang, Guo; Jie Cui, Zhao; Kai Zhang, Chang (2007). "Supercritical fluid extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait. and purification by high-speed counter-current chromatography" (PDF). Journal of Chromatography A. 1145 (1–2): 123–127. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.080. PMID 17289059.
January 01, 1970
sophora, flavescens, shrubby, sophora, species, plant, genus, sophora, family, fabaceae, this, genus, contains, about, species, mainly, occurs, india, japan, korea, russia, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, clade, angiosperms,. Sophora flavescens the shrubby sophora 1 is a species of plant in the genus Sophora of the family Fabaceae This genus contains about 52 species 2 It mainly occurs in India Japan Korea and Russia 3 Sophora flavescens Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Fabales Family Fabaceae Subfamily Faboideae Genus Sophora Species S flavescens Binomial name Sophora flavescensAiton Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Growth and cultivation 4 Chemistry 5 Toxicity 6 References 7 External linksDescription editSophora flavescens can grow to a height of 2 m Its stem is marked with stripes and covered in soft hairs when young The leaves are usually 20 25 cm long with lanceolate stipules and 13 25 elliptic ovate or lanceolate leaflets The plant produces terminal racemes measuring 15 25 cm with numerous flowers spaced widely apart The flowers have slender pedicels and linear bracts with white pale yellow purple red or red spoon shaped petals It blooms from June to August and fruits from July to October 3 Distribution editSophora flavescens is native to China and can be found in all provinces in China It can be also found in India Japan Korea and the Russian Far East It mainly grows on mountainous slopes sandy grassland inclines shrub forests or around the fields typically at elevations below 1500 meters 3 4 Growth and cultivation editSophora flavescens is an evergreen slow growing shrub growing to 1 5 m 4 9 ft by 1 m 3 3 ft It is hardy to 0 10 F 18 12 C and to US zone 6 The plant prefers light sandy medium loamy and heavy clay soils and requires well drained soil The plant prefers acid neutral and basic alkaline soils It cannot grow in the shade It requires moist soil Like many other species in the family Fabaceae this species can fix nitrogen citation needed Chemistry editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sophora flavescens news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2020 Learn how and when to remove this message nbsp Matrine left and its oxide Chemical compounds isolated from S flavescens include Matrine and matrine oxide quinolizidine alkaloids found in the roots Kushenin a pterocarpan and isoflavonoid 5 Sophoraflavanone G 6 7 9 2 4 Tetrahydroxy 8 isopentenyl 5 methoxychalcone 7 Sophoridine Kurarinone 8 Trifolirhizin a pterocarpan flavonoid isolated from the roots 8 Prenylkaempferol a prenylflavonoid Oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine alkaloids 9 Toxicity editToxic effects from use of the root may include nausea dizziness vomiting constipation spasms disturbance of speech irregular breathing respiratory failure and death 10 References edit USDA NRCS n d Sophora flavescens The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 21 November 2015 Krishna Panthati Murali Knv Rao S Sandhya Banji David 2012 A review on phytochemical ethnomedical and pharmacological studies on genus Sophora Fabaceae Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 22 5 1145 1154 doi 10 1590 S0102 695X2012005000043 a b c Sophora flavescens in Flora of China www efloras org Retrieved 6 May 2024 中国植物志 Flora of China PDF in Chinese Vol 40 1994 pp 81 83 Archived from the original PDF on 6 May 2024 Schwarte A 2002 Phytochemische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen der Wurzeln von Sophora flavescens unter besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Wirkung auf die Leukotrien und Prostaglandinbiosynthese Archived 14 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Cha J D Moon S E Kim J Y Jung E K Lee Y S 2009 Antibacterial activity of sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Phytotherapy Research 23 9 1326 1331 doi 10 1002 ptr 2540 PMID 19288534 S2CID 3033936 Choi Byung Min Oh Gi Su Lee Jang Won Mok Ji Ye Kim Dae Keun Jeong Seung Il Jang Seon Il 2010 Prenylated chalcone from Sophora flavescens suppresses Th2 chemokine expression induced by cytokines via heme oxygenase 1 in human keratinocytes Archives of Pharmacal Research 33 5 753 760 doi 10 1007 s12272 010 0515 8 PMID 20512474 S2CID 41527720 Tang KT Lin CC Lin SC Wang JH Tsai SW 2021 Kurarinone Attenuates Collagen Induced Arthritis in Mice by Inhibiting Th1 Th17 Cell Responses and Oxidative Stress Int J Mol Sci 22 8 4002 doi 10 3390 ijms22084002 PMC 8069507 PMID 33924467 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Liu G Dong J Wang H Hashi Y Chen S 2011 Characterization of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 54 5 1065 1072 doi 10 1016 j jpba 2010 12 024 PMID 21227622 Bensky Dan Clavey Steven Stoger Erich Lai Bensky Lilian 2015 Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Portable 3rd ed Seattle USA Eastland Press pp 575 578 ISBN 978 0 939616 82 4 External links editSophora flavescens Ait Ya Ling Jian Ying Zhang Guo Jie Cui Zhao Kai Zhang Chang 2007 Supercritical fluid extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait and purification by high speed counter current chromatography PDF Journal of Chromatography A 1145 1 2 123 127 doi 10 1016 j chroma 2007 01 080 PMID 17289059 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sophora flavescens amp oldid 1222548665, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
