Somaliland has 45 T-54/55 tanks and, 20 armoured fighting vehicles, 50 rocket projectors, and has 12 pieces of artillery in its national army.
The estimated total strength of the Somaliland is estimated by 100,000 men. There are fewer than 6,000 men and women working for the Somaliland police force overall. The Special Police Unit (SPU), which protects foreign organizations and individuals who work for them, and the Rapid Response Units (RRU), which are specialized counterterrorism forces, are both housed inside the police force. Somaliland has 7 defender class boats and 1 coast guard vessels in its coast guard, and The coast guard of Somaliland numbers a few hundred in personnel.[4]
Somaliland spends $115 million budget on its armed forces, its largest government expenditure.[2] Due to a United Nations arms embargo on Somalia, the state is not allowed to procure weapons.[5]
Then Somali dictator Siad Barre accused them of being separatist groups and ordered the extermination of the Isaaq tribe,[10][11] to which the rebel group belonged. The movement fought a guerrilla war in the northwest of the country with the aim of overthrowing and replacing the military government.[12] After the dictator's defeat and special developments in 1991, the Somali sultans decided to abolish unity in 1960 and declared Somaliland an independent state.
In 1991, after Somaliland reasserted its sovereignty, the new government faced great problems with armed groups and armed clans, who were boycotting roads to earn a living.[13][14]
The new government launched the Somaliland peace process jointly with the Somali National Movement. The communities in Somaliland negotiated what led to the Great Reconciliation Conference in Borama in 1993 which allowed the transfer of power from the Somali National Movement.[15] An interim government for a new civil administration, paving the way for democratic governance and stability.[15]
After a civilian government led by Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal disarmed armed clans and armed groups and recruited armed forces from all over Somaliland.
The Armed Forces of Somaliland was officially established on 2 February 1994.[16]
In 1998 Puntland State of Somalia claimed Somaliland territory on the basis of clan kinship with some Somaliland communities in the eastern regions of Sool and Sanaag. Which led to tribal and armed conflicts, as a result, The armed forces of Somaliland withdrew from some cities in the eastern regions to avoid casualties until 2007 when the Somaliland communities in the eastern regions demanded that they intervene.
The Somaliland army has long operated without a formal rank structure. However, in December 2012, Somaliland defense ministry announced that a chain of command had been developed and which was implemented in January 2013.[3]
EquipmentEdit
When the former Somali dictator Siad Barre was ousted in 1991, Somaliland inherited the military equipment, hardware and facilities that was left behind by the previous Somali Democratic Republic.[5]
Due to a United Nations arms embargo on Somalia, which the semi-autonomous Somaliland region is internationally recognized as being a part of, the territory is not allowed to purchase weapons. Consequently, military officials from the region rely on repairing and modifying old equipment. Some also claim that weapons are at times delivered from Ethiopia and Yemen via the port of Berbera.[5]
Regular Somaliland soldiers have been seen with SKS carbines (for parades) and various versions of the AK-47.[17]
Vehicles and EquipmentEdit
Commemoration of the 27th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Somaliland National Army
The Somaliland Coast Guard (Somali: Ciidanka Bada ee Somaliland) was formed in 2009.[5] The headquarters is located in the coastal town of Berbera; a diving center run by foreign divers who train the Somaliland coast guard is also located there. The coast guard operates with small speedboats mounted with guns.[5] Much of this equipment was provided by the United Kingdom, in an effort to combat piracy.[3]
^ abRubin, Michael (7 March 2019). "Somaliland – Key to Winning America's Longest War". www.realcleardefense.com. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
^ abcSomaliland Sun (27 November 2012). "Somaliland: After Two Decades the Armed Forces Come to Age". somalilandsun.com. Somaliland Sun. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
^Horton, Micheal (November 2019). "How Somaliland Combats al-Shabaab". CTC Sentinel. 12 (10): 24. from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
^ abcdeHussein, Abdi (August 13, 2011). "Somalilands Military Is A Shadow of the Past". SomaliaReport. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
^Metz 1993, p. 199-200. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMetz1993 (help)
^Metz et al. 1993, "The Warrior Tradition and Development of a National Army," in Somalia: A Country Study.
^(PDF). Library of Congress. c. 1981. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Resource Information Center. "Somalia: Somali National Movement from its inception through the present".
^Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji (2016-07-02). ""We Swallowed the State as the State Swallowed Us": The Genesis, Genealogies, and Geographies of Genocides in Somalia". African Security. 9 (3): 237–258. doi:10.1080/19392206.2016.1208475. ISSN 1939-2206. S2CID 148145948.
^Mullin, Chris (1 October 2010). A View From The Foothills: The Diaries of Chris Mullin. Profile Books. p. 504. ISBN978-1-84765-186-0. Siad barre's holocaust.
^Balthasar, Dominik (2017-07-26). "State-making at Gunpoint: The Role of Violent Conflict in Somaliland's March to Statehood". Civil Wars. 19: 65–86. doi:10.1080/13698249.2017.1343411. ISSN 1369-8249. S2CID 149160219.
^"Wax ka baro taariikhda ciidanka qaranka somaliland. | ToggaHerer".
^ abAli, Mohamud Omar; Mohammed, Koss; Walls, Michael (2007-12-31). "Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-building". Africa Portal. Retrieved 2020-08-27.
^Forberg, Ekkehard and Ulf Terlinden. "Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion" Berlin Information-center for Transatlantic Study (BITS). March 1999. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
British government funded Somaliland Security Programme
October 26, 2023
somaliland, armed, forces, confused, with, somali, armed, forces, somaliland, national, armed, forces, somali, ciidamada, qalabka, sida, soomaaliland, arabic, القوات, المسلحة, الصوماليلاندية, romanized, alquaat, almusalahat, alsuwmalilandia, military, services. Not to be confused with Somali Armed Forces The Somaliland National Armed Forces Somali Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliland Arabic القوات المسلحة الصوماليلاندية romanized alquaat almusalahat alsuwmalilandia are the military services of the Republic of Somaliland The Somaliland National Armed Forces consist of the Somaliland National Army the Somaliland Coast Guard the Somaliland Police Force the Somaliland Custodial Corps the Somaliland Immigration and Border Control and the Somaliland Fire Brigade There is no air force 3 The Armed Forces is under the command of President Muse Bihi Abdi who is the Commander in chief Minister of Defence Abdiqani Mohamoud Aateye is the designated minister that oversees the armed forces Somaliland Armed ForcesCiidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliland Somali Somaliland Armed Forces emblemSomaliland Armed Forces flagFounded1993 30 years ago 1993 Service branchesSomaliland National Army Somaliland Coast GuardSecurity and War time only Somaliland Police Force Somaliland Immigration and Border Control Guarding prisons only Somaliland Custodial CorpsHeadquartersHargeisa SomalilandLeadershipCommander in chiefMuse Bihi AbdiMinister of DefenceAbdiqani Mohamoud AateyeChief of StaffMajor general Nuh Ismail TaniPersonnelFit formilitary service300 000 age 15 49Reaching militaryage annually500 000Active personnel36 000 est 1 failed verification ExpendituresBudget 115 million 2019 2 Percent of GDP0 6 IndustryForeign suppliers United Kingdom Yemen Ethiopia European UnionRelated articlesHistoryMilitary history of SomalilandSomaliland War of Independence Puntland Somaliland dispute Battle of Las Anod 2010 Ayn clashes Battle of Tukaraq 2023 Las Anod conflictRanksMilitary ranks of SomalilandSomaliland has 45 T 54 55 tanks and 20 armoured fighting vehicles 50 rocket projectors and has 12 pieces of artillery in its national army The estimated total strength of the Somaliland is estimated by 100 000 men There are fewer than 6 000 men and women working for the Somaliland police force overall The Special Police Unit SPU which protects foreign organizations and individuals who work for them and the Rapid Response Units RRU which are specialized counterterrorism forces are both housed inside the police force Somaliland has 7 defender class boats and 1 coast guard vessels in its coast guard and The coast guard of Somaliland numbers a few hundred in personnel 4 Somaliland spends 115 million budget on its armed forces its largest government expenditure 2 Due to a United Nations arms embargo on Somalia the state is not allowed to procure weapons 5 Contents 1 History 1 1 Protectorate period 1 2 Independence and Union with Somalia 1 3 War of Independence 1 4 Restoration of sovereignty 1 5 Border War 2 Commanders 3 Army 3 1 Personnel 3 2 Equipment 4 Vehicles and Equipment 5 Coast Guard 6 Ranks 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 ReferencesHistory EditProtectorate period Edit Main articles Somaliland Camel Corps and Somaliland Scouts nbsp Logo of the Somaliland ScoutsIn 1914 the Somaliland Camel Corps was formed in British Somaliland and saw service before during and after the Italian invasion of the territory during World War II 6 In 1942 the Somaliland Scouts were tasked with defending the reserve 7 Independence and Union with Somalia Edit Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland and the Trust Territory of Somalia the former Italian Somaliland followed suit five days later On 1 July 1960 the two territories united to form the Somali Republic 8 After independence the Somaliland Scouts merged with the former Dervishes to form the 5 000 strong Somali National Army War of Independence Edit Main article Somaliland War of Independence In 1981 the Somali National Movement was one of the first rebel groups to form in the country 9 Then Somali dictator Siad Barre accused them of being separatist groups and ordered the extermination of the Isaaq tribe 10 11 to which the rebel group belonged The movement fought a guerrilla war in the northwest of the country with the aim of overthrowing and replacing the military government 12 After the dictator s defeat and special developments in 1991 the Somali sultans decided to abolish unity in 1960 and declared Somaliland an independent state Restoration of sovereignty Edit Main article Somaliland Declaration of Independence In 1991 after Somaliland reasserted its sovereignty the new government faced great problems with armed groups and armed clans who were boycotting roads to earn a living 13 14 The new government launched the Somaliland peace process jointly with the Somali National Movement The communities in Somaliland negotiated what led to the Great Reconciliation Conference in Borama in 1993 which allowed the transfer of power from the Somali National Movement 15 An interim government for a new civil administration paving the way for democratic governance and stability 15 After a civilian government led by Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal disarmed armed clans and armed groups and recruited armed forces from all over Somaliland The Armed Forces of Somaliland was officially established on 2 February 1994 16 Border War Edit Main article Puntland Somaliland dispute Further information Somalia Somaliland border In 1998 Puntland State of Somalia claimed Somaliland territory on the basis of clan kinship with some Somaliland communities in the eastern regions of Sool and Sanaag Which led to tribal and armed conflicts as a result The armed forces of Somaliland withdrew from some cities in the eastern regions to avoid casualties until 2007 when the Somaliland communities in the eastern regions demanded that they intervene Commanders EditMain article Chief of the General Staff Somaliland The Chief of the General Staff Somali Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidanka is the head of the General Staff and the highest ranking officer of the Somaliland Armed Forces He is appointed by the President of Somaliland who holds the position of Commander in Chief and the head of the Somaliland Armed Forces The current Chief of the General Staff is Major general Nuh Ismail Tani Army EditMain article Somaliland National Army nbsp Members of the Somaliland National ArmyPersonnel Edit The Somaliland army has long operated without a formal rank structure However in December 2012 Somaliland defense ministry announced that a chain of command had been developed and which was implemented in January 2013 3 Equipment Edit When the former Somali dictator Siad Barre was ousted in 1991 Somaliland inherited the military equipment hardware and facilities that was left behind by the previous Somali Democratic Republic 5 Due to a United Nations arms embargo on Somalia which the semi autonomous Somaliland region is internationally recognized as being a part of the territory is not allowed to purchase weapons Consequently military officials from the region rely on repairing and modifying old equipment Some also claim that weapons are at times delivered from Ethiopia and Yemen via the port of Berbera 5 Regular Somaliland soldiers have been seen with SKS carbines for parades and various versions of the AK 47 17 Vehicles and Equipment Edit nbsp Commemoration of the 27th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Somaliland National ArmyTanks nbsp T 55A Main Battle Tank nbsp T 54B Main Battle Tank nbsp T 72B Main Battle Tank Armoured Personnel Carriers nbsp Fiat 6614 nbsp Fiat 6616 Turret 20mm Transport Vehicles nbsp Iveco LMV 4x4 nbsp Renault GBC 180 6 6 nbsp M939 Truck 6 6 nbsp Toyota Landcruiser J79 nbsp Toyota Hilux nbsp Nissan Frontier nbsp Ford F350 Armoured Gun Truck nbsp Humvee Self Propelled Artillery nbsp BM 21 Grad Multiple Rocket Launcher 122mm nbsp Humvee Multiple Rocket Launcher nbsp Type 63 multiple rocket launcher 107mm nbsp Toyota mounted 4 barrel 122mm multiple rocket launcher Towed Artillery nbsp D 44 Artillery 85mm nbsp M101 Artillery 105mm nbsp D 30 Artillery 122mm nbsp D 74 Artillery 122mm nbsp M 46 Artillery 130mm Mortar nbsp M 224 Mortar 60mm nbsp M1938 Mortar 120mm Anti Aircraft Gun nbsp ZU 23 2 Twin barrelled anti aircraft gun 23mm nbsp ZPU 4 Quad barrelled anti aircraft gun 14 5mm Coast Guard EditMain article Somaliland Coast Guard nbsp Somaliland Coast GuardThe Somaliland Coast Guard Somali Ciidanka Bada ee Somaliland was formed in 2009 5 The headquarters is located in the coastal town of Berbera a diving center run by foreign divers who train the Somaliland coast guard is also located there The coast guard operates with small speedboats mounted with guns 5 Much of this equipment was provided by the United Kingdom in an effort to combat piracy 3 Ranks EditMain article Military ranks of Somaliland OfficersRank group General flag officers Senior officers Junior officers Officer cadet nbsp Somaliland National Armyvte nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Lieutenant generalSareeye Guud Major generalSareeye Gaas Brigadier generalSareeye Guuto ColonelGashaanle Sare Lieutenant colonelGashaanle Dhexe MajorGashaanle CaptainDhamme First lieutenantLaba Xidigle Second lieutenantXidigleEnlistedRank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted nbsp Somaliland National Armyvte nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Chief warrant officerMusharax sarkaal Warrant officer class 1Sadex xarigle Warrant officer class 2Laba xarigle Warrant officer class 3Xarigle SergeantSadex alifle CorporalLaba alifle Lance corporalAlifle Private or equivalent DableGallery Edit nbsp Somaliland Patrol Boat of the Somaliland Coast Guard nbsp Somaliland T 55 main battle tank nbsp Somaliland Fiat armored car nbsp Somaliland BM 21 GradSee also Edit nbsp Somaliland portalNational Service Somaliland References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military of Somaliland http indepthafrica com somaliland after two decades the armed forces come to age URr3NqWpN8w a b Rubin Michael 7 March 2019 Somaliland Key to Winning America s Longest War www realcleardefense com Retrieved 2020 03 03 a b c Somaliland Sun 27 November 2012 Somaliland After Two Decades the Armed Forces Come to Age somalilandsun com Somaliland Sun Retrieved 28 September 2020 Horton Micheal November 2019 How Somaliland Combats al Shabaab CTC Sentinel 12 10 24 Archived from the original on 27 March 2022 Retrieved 15 May 2023 a b c d e Hussein Abdi August 13 2011 Somalilands Military Is A Shadow of the Past SomaliaReport Retrieved August 13 2011 Metz 1993 p 199 200 sfn error no target CITEREFMetz1993 help Metz et al 1993 The Warrior Tradition and Development of a National Army in Somalia A Country Study Somalia A Country Study Chapter 5 National Security PDF Library of Congress c 1981 Archived from the original on 4 October 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services Resource Information Center Somalia Somali National Movement from its inception through the present Ingiriis Mohamed Haji 2016 07 02 We Swallowed the State as the State Swallowed Us The Genesis Genealogies and Geographies of Genocides in Somalia African Security 9 3 237 258 doi 10 1080 19392206 2016 1208475 ISSN 1939 2206 S2CID 148145948 Mullin Chris 1 October 2010 A View From The Foothills The Diaries of Chris Mullin Profile Books p 504 ISBN 978 1 84765 186 0 Siad barre s holocaust Balthasar Dominik 2017 07 26 State making at Gunpoint The Role of Violent Conflict in Somaliland s March to Statehood Civil Wars 19 65 86 doi 10 1080 13698249 2017 1343411 ISSN 1369 8249 S2CID 149160219 Taliyaha Ciidanka Qaranka Oo Sharraxay Taariikhda iyo Waxqabadka Ciidanka 3 February 2018 Wax ka baro taariikhda ciidanka qaranka somaliland ToggaHerer a b Ali Mohamud Omar Mohammed Koss Walls Michael 2007 12 31 Peace in Somaliland An Indigenous Approach to State building Africa Portal Retrieved 2020 08 27 Somaliland Military Law Forberg Ekkehard and Ulf Terlinden Small Arms in Somaliland Their Role and Diffusion Berlin Information center for Transatlantic Study BITS March 1999 Retrieved February 13 2013 British government funded Somaliland Security Programme Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Somaliland Armed Forces amp oldid 1180890455, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
