fbpx
Wikipedia

Type 63 multiple rocket launcher

January 01, 1970

The Type 63 multiple rocket launcher is a towed, 12-tube, 107mm rocket launcher produced by the People's Republic of China in the early 1960s and later exported and manufactured globally. Although no longer serving with active infantry units, the Type 63 is still in People's Liberation Army service with specialized formations such as mountain infantry units and special forces detachments.[5] The Type 63 was widely used in the PLA until the late 1980s. It was adopted as the successor of the Type 50-5 of 102mm.

Type 63 107mm rocket launcher
Type 63 rocket launcher
TypeMultiple rocket launcher
Place of originPeople's Republic of China
Service history
Used byPeople's Republic of China, Soviet Bloc, non-aligned, others
Wars
Production history
Designed1961
ManufacturerState Factory 847
Produced1963–?
VariantsType 81 SP version on truck
Specifications
Mass602 kg (1,327 lb)
Length2.90 m (9 ft 6 in)
Width1.65 m (5 ft 5 in)
Height0.91 m (3 ft)
Crew5
ShellHE, HE-I and HE-frag
Caliber106.7mm
CarriageSplit trail
Elevation−3° to +57°
Traverse32°
Muzzle velocity385 m/s (1,260 ft/s)
Maximum firing range8.05 km (5 mi)
Type 63 107mm multiple rocket launcher

China has also developed a Type 63 multiple rocket launcher of 130mm. The RPU-14 is a Soviet 140mm MRL of similar design to the Type 63.

Description edit

 
A Type 63 mounted on a pickup truck used by the IRGC

The launcher's 12 tubes are arranged in three removable rows of four each, mounted on a single-axle carriage with rubber tires. The Type 63 originally fired an 18.8 kilogram rocket (Type 63-2)[6] with a 1.3 kilogram warhead.[7] Ammunition for the Type 63 was later improved (Type 75 and Type 81 series), although the overall weight of the rocket remained the same.[5] A fixed amount of propellant is contained in the rocket motor. The steel-cased rocket is stabilized with spin imparted by six angled nozzles in its base. Type 63 rockets may be launched without the launcher; improvised firing can employ tubing, rails or even dirt berms.[8][9] The Type 63 was distributed on the basis of six per infantry regiment, or 18 per infantry division.[10] For airborne and mountain units the lighter Type 63-I was developed.[11]

Both the Type 63 and its copies can be mounted on different kinds of armoured and unarmoured vehicles, for example the MT-LB, the Safir, the Mamba, the RG-32 Scout, the GAZ-66 and the M113.

Licence versions edit

The Type 63 and its rockets are license-built in several countries including:

BM-12 nomenclature issue edit

NATO and western sources have used the Soviet-style designation BM-12 to describe this weapon system, and further even ascribe Soviet origin and initial manufacture of both launcher and rockets.[18] However, there is no evidence in non-western sources of Soviet development or production, or of the BM-12 moniker being applied. Very similar Type 50-5 or Type 488 102mm rockets were manufactured in China and used in the Korean War prior to development of the Type 63.[19]

It appears the systems designated BM-12 (for example in Afghanistan and Libya) were or are all of Chinese origin, being merely used or cross-traded by Soviet interests.

Variants edit

Multiple rocket launchers edit

  • The Chinese Type 81 SPMRL 107mm is a self-propelled export version, based on the Nanjing NJ-230 truck.[20]
  • North Korea has developed versions with 18 and 24 launch tubes that are mounted on vehicles such as the tracked VTT-323 or the wheeled M1992.[20]
  • ROKETSAN of Turkey has designed an improved 107mm multiple rocket launch system, consisting of a HMMWV with two 12-round launch modules and a fire control system. The system uses the TR-107 and TRB-107 rockets but the range has been increased to 11 km.[21]
    • T-107M, Vehicle Mounted, 12 Steel Tube MBRL[22]
    • T-107SPM, Vehicle-mounted 2 × 12 Tubes Disposable MBRL with Insulated Pod[22]
    • T-107/122, Vehicle Mounted 3 × 20 Tubes Disposable MBRL with Insulated Pod[22]

Single-tube rocket launchers edit

A number of countries have developed single-tube, man-portable rocket launchers that fire the same type of rockets:

  • China: Type 85 with an empty weight of 22.5 kg.[20]
  • Egypt: PRL-81, similar to the Type 85 system.[23]
  • South Africa: Inflict of Mechem Developments with an empty weight of 26 kg.[24]
  • Iran: Karkhe, Single shot disposable launcher.[25]

Operators edit

Current operators edit

 
A Type 63 used by Libyan rebels

Former operators edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Isby, David C. (1990). The War in Afghanistan 1979–1989: The Soviet Empire at High Tide. Concord Publications. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-9623610094.
  2. ^ Ismay, John (17 October 2013). "Insight Into How Insurgents Fought in Iraq". New York Times.
  3. ^ a b Heitman, Helmoed-Römer (2013). The Battle in Bangui: The Untold Story. Johannesburg: Parktown Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-9921902-8-6.
  4. ^ a b The Military Balance 2016, p. 492.
  5. ^ a b . sinodefence.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  6. ^ JAA, p. 594.
  7. ^ "fas.org". fas.org. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  8. ^ Jeremy Kelly (August 21, 2012). "Despite drones and blimps, rocket attacks in Afghanistan prove hard to stop". Christian Science Monitor.
  9. ^ Brian Anderson (2012). . Motherboard. Archived from the original on 2015-04-08.
  10. ^ JAA, p. 593.
  11. ^ "Type 63 107mm Rocket". Fas.org. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  12. ^ MIC page on Small Arms including Taka
  13. ^
  14. ^ . Articles.janes.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  15. ^ http://www.acig.info/CMS/?option=com_content&task=view&id=190&Itemid=47 [dead link]
  16. ^ "Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS". Articles.janes.com. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  17. ^ . Fact999.momp.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  18. ^ Jalali; Ali Ahmad, & Grau; Lester W., (2002), Afghan Guerrilla Warfare: In the Words of the Mujahideen Fighters, Zenith Imprint, pg. 407, ISBN 0760313229
  19. ^ http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/NORINCO-107-mm-12-round-Type-63-and-Type-81-multiple-rocket-systems-China.html Type 63
  20. ^ a b c d e f Foss, Christopher F. (15 June 1998). "Norinco 107 mm (12-round) Type 63 and Type 81 multiple rocket systems". Jane's Armour and Artillery 1998–99.
  21. ^ "Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS". Articles.janes.com. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  22. ^ a b c Emin, Zafer (2016-11-29). "Roketsan 107 mm çok namlulu roketatar". Teknoformat (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-04-06.
  23. ^ Foss, Christopher F. (15 June 1998). "Lightweight man-portable and vehicle-mounted systems". Jane's Armour and Artillery 1998-99.
  24. ^ . Articles.janes.com. 6 March 2012. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  25. ^ Oryx. "The Oryx Handbook of Iranian Fighting Vehicles". Oryx Blog. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
  26. ^ Bhatia, Michael Vinai; Sedra, Mark (May 2008). Small Arms Survey (ed.). Afghanistan, Arms and Conflict: Armed Groups, Disarmament and Security in a Post-War Society. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-415-45308-0.
  27. ^ The Military Balance 2021, p. 452.
  28. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 239.
  29. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 437.
  30. ^ The Military Balance 2016, pp. 242–246.
  31. ^ The Military Balance 2021, p. 461.
  32. ^ Debay, Yves (2004). VBL Panhard (in French). Histoire et collections. p. 120. ISBN 9782913903166.
  33. ^ The Military Balance 2021, p. 467.
  34. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 448.
  35. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 328.
  36. ^ Puxton, Matteo (25 February 2019). Macé, Maxime (ed.). "Pour se battre en Syrie, l'Iran enrôle massivement des Afghans chiites". France Soir (in French).
  37. ^ Iraqi army equipment 1930–2017. Vol. 2. p. 81.
  38. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 491.
  39. ^ Puxton, Matteo (30 August 2017). "Kataib al-Imam Ali, cette puissante milice chiite qui se bat à la fois en Irak et en Syrie". France Soir (in French).
  40. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 265.
  41. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 342.
  42. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 343.
  43. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 276.
  44. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 406.
  45. ^ The Military Balance 2021, p. 290.
  46. ^ Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (29 October 2021). "Kurdish Armour: Inventorising YPG Equipment In Northern Syria". Oryx Blog.
  47. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 469.
  48. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 471.
  49. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 354.
  50. ^ The Military Balance 2006, p. 468.
  51. ^ "Venezuela's Zolfaghar boats are just the latest military equipment provided by Iran". 10 January 2024.
  52. ^ Zabecki, David T. (May 2011). "Rockets and Rocket Launchers". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History (2 ed.). p. 988. ISBN 978-1-85109-960-3.
  53. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 297.
  54. ^ The Military Balance 2016, p. 478.
  55. ^ Zaloga, Steven J. (2003). Tank Battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The Wars of 1973 to the Present. Hong Kong: Concord Publications. p. 66. ISBN 962-361-613-9.
  56. ^ Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis July 2006 – May 2009 (PDF). Ministry Of Defence Democratic Socialist Republic Of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  57. ^ Oryx. "The Tigray Defence Forces - Documenting Its Heavy Weaponry". Oryx Blog. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  58. ^ Misikir, Maya (11 January 2023). "Tigray Forces Start Handing Over Heavy Weapons as Part of Peace Deal". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

References edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Type 63 multiple rocket launcher.
  • OrData report on 107-mm rocket projectile
  • GlobalSecurity on the Type 63 and Type 81
  • Mao's Rockets and the Eastern Afghan Border War, Part I Part II Part III, article series about the use of Type 63 rockets in Afghanistan.

January 01, 1970
type, multiple, rocket, launcher, towed, tube, 107mm, rocket, launcher, produced, people, republic, china, early, 1960s, later, exported, manufactured, globally, although, longer, serving, with, active, infantry, units, type, still, people, liberation, army, s. The Type 63 multiple rocket launcher is a towed 12 tube 107mm rocket launcher produced by the People s Republic of China in the early 1960s and later exported and manufactured globally Although no longer serving with active infantry units the Type 63 is still in People s Liberation Army service with specialized formations such as mountain infantry units and special forces detachments 5 The Type 63 was widely used in the PLA until the late 1980s It was adopted as the successor of the Type 50 5 of 102mm Type 63 107mm rocket launcherType 63 rocket launcherTypeMultiple rocket launcherPlace of originPeople s Republic of ChinaService historyUsed byPeople s Republic of China Soviet Bloc non aligned othersWarsVietnam War Afghan civil wars 1 Lebanese Civil War Iran Iraq War Yugoslav Wars Iraq War 2 2011 Libyan Civil War Central African Republic Civil War 3 Syrian Civil War South Sudanese Civil War 4 War in Iraq 2013 2017 Tigray War War in Sudan 2023 present Production historyDesigned1961ManufacturerState Factory 847Produced1963 VariantsType 81 SP version on truckSpecificationsMass602 kg 1 327 lb Length2 90 m 9 ft 6 in Width1 65 m 5 ft 5 in Height0 91 m 3 ft Crew5ShellHE HE I and HE fragCaliber106 7mmCarriageSplit trailElevation 3 to 57 Traverse32 Muzzle velocity385 m s 1 260 ft s Maximum firing range8 05 km 5 mi Type 63 107mm multiple rocket launcher China has also developed a Type 63 multiple rocket launcher of 130mm The RPU 14 is a Soviet 140mm MRL of similar design to the Type 63 Contents 1 Description 2 Licence versions 3 BM 12 nomenclature issue 4 Variants 4 1 Multiple rocket launchers 4 2 Single tube rocket launchers 5 Operators 5 1 Current operators 5 2 Former operators 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksDescription edit nbsp A Type 63 mounted on a pickup truck used by the IRGC The launcher s 12 tubes are arranged in three removable rows of four each mounted on a single axle carriage with rubber tires The Type 63 originally fired an 18 8 kilogram rocket Type 63 2 6 with a 1 3 kilogram warhead 7 Ammunition for the Type 63 was later improved Type 75 and Type 81 series although the overall weight of the rocket remained the same 5 A fixed amount of propellant is contained in the rocket motor The steel cased rocket is stabilized with spin imparted by six angled nozzles in its base Type 63 rockets may be launched without the launcher improvised firing can employ tubing rails or even dirt berms 8 9 The Type 63 was distributed on the basis of six per infantry regiment or 18 per infantry division 10 For airborne and mountain units the lighter Type 63 I was developed 11 Both the Type 63 and its copies can be mounted on different kinds of armoured and unarmoured vehicles for example the MT LB the Safir the Mamba the RG 32 Scout the GAZ 66 and the M113 Licence versions editThe Type 63 and its rockets are license built in several countries including Sudan Taka 12 Iran Fajr 1 of D I O with Haseb 1 rocket 13 South Africa RO 107 of Mechem Developments 14 North Korea Type 75 citation needed North Vietnam Vietnam H 12 citation needed Turkey T 107 of MKEK with rockets TR 107 Anadolu and TRB 107 15 Egypt RL812 TLC of the Helwan Machinery and Equipment Factory Factory 999 16 17 BM 12 nomenclature issue editNATO and western sources have used the Soviet style designation BM 12 to describe this weapon system and further even ascribe Soviet origin and initial manufacture of both launcher and rockets 18 However there is no evidence in non western sources of Soviet development or production or of the BM 12 moniker being applied Very similar Type 50 5 or Type 488 102mm rockets were manufactured in China and used in the Korean War prior to development of the Type 63 19 It appears the systems designated BM 12 for example in Afghanistan and Libya were or are all of Chinese origin being merely used or cross traded by Soviet interests Variants editMultiple rocket launchers edit The Chinese Type 81 SPMRL 107mm is a self propelled export version based on the Nanjing NJ 230 truck 20 North Korea has developed versions with 18 and 24 launch tubes that are mounted on vehicles such as the tracked VTT 323 or the wheeled M1992 20 ROKETSAN of Turkey has designed an improved 107mm multiple rocket launch system consisting of a HMMWV with two 12 round launch modules and a fire control system The system uses the TR 107 and TRB 107 rockets but the range has been increased to 11 km 21 T 107M Vehicle Mounted 12 Steel Tube MBRL 22 T 107SPM Vehicle mounted 2 12 Tubes Disposable MBRL with Insulated Pod 22 T 107 122 Vehicle Mounted 3 20 Tubes Disposable MBRL with Insulated Pod 22 Single tube rocket launchers edit A number of countries have developed single tube man portable rocket launchers that fire the same type of rockets China Type 85 with an empty weight of 22 5 kg 20 Egypt PRL 81 similar to the Type 85 system 23 South Africa Inflict of Mechem Developments with an empty weight of 26 kg 24 Iran Karkhe Single shot disposable launcher 25 Operators editCurrent operators edit nbsp A Type 63 used by Libyan rebels nbsp Afghanistan 26 nbsp Albania 270 20 nbsp Azerbaijan citation needed nbsp Burkina Faso 4 as of 2021 update 27 nbsp Cambodia 28 nbsp Chad 29 nbsp People s Republic of China 30 nbsp Congo Kinshasa 12 as of 2021 update 31 nbsp Djibouti 32 nbsp Egypt Manufactured locally as RL812 TLC nbsp Ethiopia 25 nbsp Gabon 25 as of 2021 update 33 nbsp Ghana 3 as of 2016 update 34 nbsp Indonesia citation needed nbsp Iran 1 300 as of 2020 35 nbsp Liwa Fatemiyoun 36 nbsp Iraq 37 nbsp Iraqi Kurdistan 38 Popular Mobilization Forces 39 nbsp Jordan citation needed nbsp North Korea 40 nbsp Libya 41 nbsp Mauritania 4 as of 2016 update 42 nbsp Myanmar 30 as of 2016 update 43 nbsp Nicaragua 33 as of 2016 update 44 nbsp Pakistan Type 81 variant in service as of 2021 update 45 nbsp Palestine Liberation Organisation 20 People s Defense Units YPG 46 nbsp South Africa Launchers captured in Angola rockets manufactured locally 3 nbsp South Sudan 47 4 nbsp Sudan 477 as of 2016 update 48 nbsp Syria 49 nbsp Turkey Manufactured locally as TR 107 nbsp Somaliland estimated12 50 nbsp Venezuela Fajr 1 51 nbsp Vietnam Fielded during the Vietnam War 52 360 as of 2016 update 53 nbsp Zimbabwe 16 as of 2016 update 54 Former operators edit nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina Former user 20 nbsp Lebanon nbsp Lebanese Forces 55 People s Liberation Army nbsp Amal Movement nbsp Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 2 56 nbsp Malaysia retired nbsp Tigray Defense Forces 57 Surrendered to the Ethiopian forces in the aftermath of the Tigray War 58 See also editT 122 Sakarya Fajr 5 15 cm Nebelwerfer 41Notes edit Isby David C 1990 The War in Afghanistan 1979 1989 The Soviet Empire at High Tide Concord Publications pp 46 47 ISBN 978 9623610094 Ismay John 17 October 2013 Insight Into How Insurgents Fought in Iraq New York Times a b Heitman Helmoed Romer 2013 The Battle in Bangui The Untold Story Johannesburg Parktown Publishers p 7 ISBN 978 0 9921902 8 6 a b The Military Balance 2016 p 492 a b sinodefence com sinodefence com Archived from the original on 23 January 2010 Retrieved 12 April 2018 JAA p 594 fas org fas org Retrieved 12 April 2018 Jeremy Kelly August 21 2012 Despite drones and blimps rocket attacks in Afghanistan prove hard to stop Christian Science Monitor Brian Anderson 2012 Chinese Made 107mm Rockets Are the Workhorses of Insurgencies and Goons Motherboard Archived from the original on 2015 04 08 JAA p 593 Type 63 107mm Rocket Fas org Retrieved 2013 04 01 MIC page on Small Arms including Taka Defense Industries Organization 2013 Catalog Section 3 Rocket Industries Group Defense amp Security Intelligence amp Analysis IHS Jane s IHS Articles janes com Archived from the original on 3 May 2012 Retrieved 2013 04 01 http www acig info CMS option com content amp task view amp id 190 amp Itemid 47 dead link Defense amp Security Intelligence amp Analysis IHS Jane s IHS Articles janes com Retrieved 2013 04 01 Egypt Helwan Machinery and Equipment Co حلوان للآلات و المعدات تفاصيل المنتجات الحربيه Fact999 momp gov eg Archived from the original on 2011 12 20 Retrieved 2013 04 01 Jalali Ali Ahmad amp Grau Lester W 2002 Afghan Guerrilla Warfare In the Words of the Mujahideen Fighters Zenith Imprint pg 407 ISBN 0760313229 http www janes com articles Janes Armour and Artillery NORINCO 107 mm 12 round Type 63 and Type 81 multiple rocket systems China html Type 63 a b c d e f Foss Christopher F 15 June 1998 Norinco 107 mm 12 round Type 63 and Type 81 multiple rocket systems Jane s Armour and Artillery 1998 99 Defense amp Security Intelligence amp Analysis IHS Jane s IHS Articles janes com Retrieved 2013 04 01 a b c Emin Zafer 2016 11 29 Roketsan 107 mm cok namlulu roketatar Teknoformat in Turkish Retrieved 2021 04 06 Foss Christopher F 15 June 1998 Lightweight man portable and vehicle mounted systems Jane s Armour and Artillery 1998 99 Mechem Developments 107 mm Inflict single tube rocket launcher Articles janes com 6 March 2012 Archived from the original on 3 May 2012 Retrieved 2013 04 01 Oryx The Oryx Handbook of Iranian Fighting Vehicles Oryx Blog Retrieved 2021 04 14 Bhatia Michael Vinai Sedra Mark May 2008 Small Arms Survey ed Afghanistan Arms and Conflict Armed Groups Disarmament and Security in a Post War Society Routledge p 66 ISBN 978 0 415 45308 0 The Military Balance 2021 p 452 The Military Balance 2016 p 239 The Military Balance 2016 p 437 The Military Balance 2016 pp 242 246 The Military Balance 2021 p 461 Debay Yves 2004 VBL Panhard in French Histoire et collections p 120 ISBN 9782913903166 The Military Balance 2021 p 467 The Military Balance 2016 p 448 The Military Balance 2016 p 328 Puxton Matteo 25 February 2019 Mace Maxime ed Pour se battre en Syrie l Iran enrole massivement des Afghans chiites France Soir in French Iraqi army equipment 1930 2017 Vol 2 p 81 The Military Balance 2016 p 491 Puxton Matteo 30 August 2017 Kataib al Imam Ali cette puissante milice chiite qui se bat a la fois en Irak et en Syrie France Soir in French The Military Balance 2016 p 265 The Military Balance 2016 p 342 The Military Balance 2016 p 343 The Military Balance 2016 p 276 The Military Balance 2016 p 406 The Military Balance 2021 p 290 Mitzer Stijn Oliemans Joost 29 October 2021 Kurdish Armour Inventorising YPG Equipment In Northern Syria Oryx Blog The Military Balance 2016 p 469 The Military Balance 2016 p 471 The Military Balance 2016 p 354 The Military Balance 2006 p 468 Venezuela s Zolfaghar boats are just the latest military equipment provided by Iran 10 January 2024 Zabecki David T May 2011 Rockets and Rocket Launchers In Tucker Spencer C ed The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War A Political Social and Military History 2 ed p 988 ISBN 978 1 85109 960 3 The Military Balance 2016 p 297 The Military Balance 2016 p 478 Zaloga Steven J 2003 Tank Battles of the Mid East Wars 2 The Wars of 1973 to the Present Hong Kong Concord Publications p 66 ISBN 962 361 613 9 Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis July 2006 May 2009 PDF Ministry Of Defence Democratic Socialist Republic Of Sri Lanka Retrieved 9 September 2021 Oryx The Tigray Defence Forces Documenting Its Heavy Weaponry Oryx Blog Retrieved 2021 09 03 Misikir Maya 11 January 2023 Tigray Forces Start Handing Over Heavy Weapons as Part of Peace Deal Voice of America Retrieved 11 January 2024 References edit JAA Jane s Armour and Artillery 1981 82 Christopher Foss ed London Jane s Publishing Company Ltd 1981 ISBN 0 7106 0727 X International Institute for Strategic Studies 2006 The Military Balance 2006 Routledge ISBN 978 1 85743 399 9 International Institute for Strategic Studies February 2016 The Military Balance 2016 Vol 116 Routlegde ISBN 9781857438352 International Institute for Strategic Studies February 2021 The Military Balance 2021 Vol 121 Routledge ISBN 9781032012278 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Type 63 multiple rocket launcher OrData report on 107 mm rocket projectile GlobalSecurity on the Type 63 and Type 81 Mao s Rockets and the Eastern Afghan Border War Part I Part II Part III article series about the use of Type 63 rockets in Afghanistan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Type 63 multiple rocket launcher amp oldid 1211253932, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.