Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland.[3] Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and Puntland, a Federal Member State of Somalia.[4][5][6][7][8][9] Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.[10]
The region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland.[11][12] Puntland disputes the Harti inhabited parts of region as being part of Somaliland while the later claims the entire region based on the British Somaliland boundaries.
The Sanaag region is disputed between Somaliland and Puntland. Somaliland effectively controls the western and central parts of Sanaag. Puntland has effective control over Badhan and other areas in the east.[11] Somaliland has declared its claim to all of Sanaag, but some areas (that it struggles to control) do not actually participate in Somaliland's elections.[13]
From 1944 to 1974, modern-day Sanaag region was one of three districts of the Burao region. The other two districts were Burao and Las Anod.[14][15] Sanaag was carved out of Togdheer region and was established as a separate region on June 23, 1973, comprising the three districts of Erigavo, Las Qorey and Garadag.[16]
Sanaag is home to numerous archaeological sites, with rock art, ancient ruins, buildings and cairns found at numerous sites, such as Gudmo Biyo Cas, Heis, Maydh, Haylan, Qa'ableh, Qombo'ul, Gelweita and El Ayo.[17] However, many of these old structures have yet to be properly explored, a process which would help shed further light on local history and facilitate their preservation for posterity.[18]
Sanaag is also home to the ruined Islamic city of Maduna near El Afweyn, which is considered the most substantial and most accessible ruin of its type in Somaliland.[19][20] The main feature of the ruined city includes a large rectangular mosque, its 3 metre high walls still standing and which include a mihrab and possibly several smaller arched niches.[20] Swedish-Somali archaeologist Sada Mire dates the ruined city to the 15th–17th centuries.[21]
Environment
A severe drought in the region in the early part of the 21st century caused an 80% or greater loss of livestock, though two good rainy seasons in 2004–2005 helped restore the area. Over a 15-year period of analysis, from 1988–2003, there was a 52% loss of forest and a 40% loss of grassland, and a 370% increase in bare land. Soil erosion due to weather and human activities and clearing of wood and brush for such uses as charcoal and fuel are issues leading to a degradation of the environment.[22]
Economy
In recent history, the Sanaag region normally maintained a diverse economy, producing and then exporting to other regions, it produced livestock, frankincense, and leather for export, this was happening while the region lacked basic infrastructure, but sadly, after the outbreak of civil war the region's economy collapsed from loss of markets and dilapidated infrastructure has never helped, and lack of investment. Now the region only supports one main economy, livestock rearing. The Somali livestock ban imposed by Gulf countries in which was Sanaag's largest market has virtually destroyed the economy in the region, reducing purchasing power and forcing pastoralists in the region to survive on subsistence activities.[23]
^Mahmood, Omar (2019). "Overlapping claims by Somaliland and Puntland: The case of Sool and Sanaag" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 13. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
^Mahmood, Omar (2019). "Overlapping claims by Somaliland and Puntland: The case of Sool and Sanaag" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 13. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
^"Somalia (1988)". CIA. December 1988. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
^"Development map, roads, 1944". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
^"Faafin rasmi ah ee Jumhuriyadda Dimuqradika Somaliya | CRL Digital Delivery System". ddsnext.crl.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
^Mire, Sada (2015-04-14). "Mapping the Archaeology of Somaliland: Religion, Art, Script, Time, Urbanism, Trade and Empire". African Archaeological Review. 32 (1): 111–136. doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9. ISSN 0263-0338.
^ abBriggs, Philip (2012). Somaliland : with Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia. Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, England: Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 128–129. ISBN978-1-84162-371-9. OCLC 766336307.
^"Somaliland: archaeology in a breakaway state | Sada Mire". Retrieved 2022-03-04.
^(PDF). Horn Relief. February 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2007.
^"Account Suspended". from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
^Gebrewold, Belachew (2013-03-28). Anatomy of Violence: Understanding the systems of conflict and violence in Africa. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 130. ISBN9781409499213. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
^"NEC Starts to release Provisional Results of 5 electoral districts". Somaliland Standard. 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
^"Somaliland President Imposes State-of-Emergency to Sanaag Region". www.somaliland.com. Retrieved 2021-10-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^"The Somali conflict: Part V: Somaliland: peace-building: 5. Shir Nabadeedka ee Sanaag: 'The Sanaag grand peace and reconciliation conference'". www.nzdl.org. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
^"Factors influencing of Somali Women Entrepreneurs in Puntland State: A case study of Baran and Dhahar Districts, Sanaag Region".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sanaag Region.
Gwillim Law, "Districts of Somalia", Statoids, December 31, 1990
SOMALIA NATIONAL PEACE CONFERENCE, "Districts of Somalia", PEACE PLAN DJIBOUTI, 20 APRIL - 5 MAY 2000
Warsangeli Sultanate
April 23, 2023
sanaag, sanag, somali, arabic, اج, administrative, region, gobol, north, eastern, somaliland, long, coastline, facing, gulf, aden, north, bordered, region, sahil, west, sool, south, somalia, east, region, disputed, self, declared, republic, somaliland, puntlan. Sanag Somali Sanaag Arabic س ن اج is an administrative region gobol in north eastern Somaliland 3 Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west Sool to the south and Somalia to the east The region is disputed by the self declared Republic of Somaliland and Puntland a Federal Member State of Somalia 4 5 6 7 8 9 Its capital city is Erigavo Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland accounting for 35 of Somaliland s total land area 10 Sanag Sanaag Somali س ن اج Arabic Region of SomalilandOverview of the Cal Madow mountains in SanaagLocation in SomalilandCoordinates Coordinates 10 46 45 N 48 11 9 E 10 77917 N 48 18583 E 10 77917 48 18583Country SomalilandAdministrative centreErigavoGovernment GovernorMahamed Elmi Hussein Ahmed 1 Area Total54 231 km2 20 939 sq mi Time zoneUTC 3 EAT HDI 2017 0 429 2 low 2ndThe region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland 11 12 Puntland disputes the Harti inhabited parts of region as being part of Somaliland while the later claims the entire region based on the British Somaliland boundaries Contents 1 Territorial dispute 2 History 3 Environment 4 Economy 5 Demographics 6 Districts 7 Towns and Cities 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksTerritorial dispute Camel in Almadow Forest Main article Somaliland Puntland dispute The Sanaag region is disputed between Somaliland and Puntland Somaliland effectively controls the western and central parts of Sanaag Puntland has effective control over Badhan and other areas in the east 11 Somaliland has declared its claim to all of Sanaag but some areas that it struggles to control do not actually participate in Somaliland s elections 13 History Ruins in Las Khorey From 1944 to 1974 modern day Sanaag region was one of three districts of the Burao region The other two districts were Burao and Las Anod 14 15 Sanaag was carved out of Togdheer region and was established as a separate region on June 23 1973 comprising the three districts of Erigavo Las Qorey and Garadag 16 Sanaag is home to numerous archaeological sites with rock art ancient ruins buildings and cairns found at numerous sites such as Gudmo Biyo Cas Heis Maydh Haylan Qa ableh Qombo ul Gelweita and El Ayo 17 However many of these old structures have yet to be properly explored a process which would help shed further light on local history and facilitate their preservation for posterity 18 Sanaag is also home to the ruined Islamic city of Maduna near El Afweyn which is considered the most substantial and most accessible ruin of its type in Somaliland 19 20 The main feature of the ruined city includes a large rectangular mosque its 3 metre high walls still standing and which include a mihrab and possibly several smaller arched niches 20 Swedish Somali archaeologist Sada Mire dates the ruined city to the 15th 17th centuries 21 EnvironmentA severe drought in the region in the early part of the 21st century caused an 80 or greater loss of livestock though two good rainy seasons in 2004 2005 helped restore the area Over a 15 year period of analysis from 1988 2003 there was a 52 loss of forest and a 40 loss of grassland and a 370 increase in bare land Soil erosion due to weather and human activities and clearing of wood and brush for such uses as charcoal and fuel are issues leading to a degradation of the environment 22 EconomyIn recent history the Sanaag region normally maintained a diverse economy producing and then exporting to other regions it produced livestock frankincense and leather for export this was happening while the region lacked basic infrastructure but sadly after the outbreak of civil war the region s economy collapsed from loss of markets and dilapidated infrastructure has never helped and lack of investment Now the region only supports one main economy livestock rearing The Somali livestock ban imposed by Gulf countries in which was Sanaag s largest market has virtually destroyed the economy in the region reducing purchasing power and forcing pastoralists in the region to survive on subsistence activities 23 DemographicsThe region is mainly inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group principally the Habr Yunis and Habar Jeclo sub clans of the Isaaq and the Dhulbahante and Warsangali sub divisions of the Harti Darod 24 Districts Ae Ar Aw Bad Bal Bar Bu Dam Dar Day Dh Eaw Eay Elb Er Fa Fi Ga Gud Guu Hab Had Hay He Hi Hu Ji Ko Laa Las LK Ma Mid Min Qa Qo Ru Wa Yub Yufclass notpageimage City Town Village in Sanaag Ae Aelal Ar Armale Aw Awrboogays Bad Badhan Bal Bali busle Bar Baraakta Qol Bu Buraan Dam Damala Hagare Dar Dararweyne Day Dayaha Dh Dhahar Eaw El Afweyn Eay El Ayo Elb El Buh Er Erigavo Fa Fadhi Gab Fi Fiqifuliye Ga Garadag Gud Gudmo Biyo Cas Guu Guud Caanood Hab Habarshiro Had Hadaftimo Hay Haylan He Heis town Hi Hingalol Hu Hulul Ji Jidali Ko Koolo Laa Laako Las Lasdure LK Las Khorey Ma Maydh Mid Midhisho Min Mindigale Qa Qaʽableh Qo Qombo ul Ru Ruguda Wa Waqdariya Yub Yubbe Yuf Yufle The region of Sanag is divided into 5 districts as follows 25 26 27 28 El Afweyn District Erigavo District Garadag District Badhan District Dhahar DistrictTowns and CitiesErigavo El Afweyne Maydh Badhan Dararweyne Las Khorey Garadag Heis Midhisho Yubbe Hadaaftimo Hingalol Dhahar Buraan El Buh Gudmo Biyo Cas Ruguda Yufle Dayaha Guud CaanoodSee alsoOgo MountainsReferences Somaliland President Bihi Announces Government Reshuffle 11 September 2021 Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved 2018 09 13 Regions of Somalia Archived October 23 2016 at the Wayback Machine Completed Project www eth mpg de Retrieved 2022 03 19 Are Somaliland Puntland ready for war over land The East African 2020 07 06 Retrieved 2022 03 19 Somalia No elections in disputed regions Puntland says Somalia ReliefWeb Retrieved 2022 03 19 Averting War in Northern Somalia Crisis Group 2018 06 27 Retrieved 2022 03 19 Mahmood Omar S 2019 11 01 Overlapping Claims by Somaliland and Puntland The Case of Sool and Sanaag Africa Portal Retrieved 2022 03 19 ISSAfrica org 2019 12 09 The various layers to the Somaliland Puntland discord ISS Africa Retrieved 2022 03 19 Sanaag region nutrition survey report PDF UNICEF 6 September 2002 a b The Puntland Speaker visiting Badhan district Somali Dispatch 2021 Retrieved 14 June 2021 Mahmood Omar 2019 Overlapping claims by Somaliland and Puntland The case of Sool and Sanaag PDF Institute for Security Studies 13 Retrieved 29 May 2021 Mahmood Omar 2019 Overlapping claims by Somaliland and Puntland The case of Sool and Sanaag PDF Institute for Security Studies 13 Retrieved 29 May 2021 Somalia 1988 CIA December 1988 Retrieved 21 February 2007 Development map roads 1944 Library of Congress Retrieved 2022 03 17 Faafin rasmi ah ee Jumhuriyadda Dimuqradika Somaliya CRL Digital Delivery System ddsnext crl edu Retrieved 2022 04 02 Mire Sada 2015 04 14 Mapping the Archaeology of Somaliland Religion Art Script Time Urbanism Trade and Empire African Archaeological Review 32 1 111 136 doi 10 1007 s10437 015 9184 9 ISSN 0263 0338 Michael Hodd East African Handbook Trade amp Travel Publications 1994 p 640 Dev Bradt Guides Maduna ruins Bradt Guides Retrieved 2022 03 04 a b Briggs Philip 2012 Somaliland with Addis Ababa amp Eastern Ethiopia Chalfont St Peter Bucks England Bradt Travel Guides pp 128 129 ISBN 978 1 84162 371 9 OCLC 766336307 Somaliland archaeology in a breakaway state Sada Mire Retrieved 2022 03 04 Environmental Study of Degradation in the Sool Plateau and Gebi Valley Sanaag Region of Northern Somalia PDF Horn Relief February 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 18 May 2016 Retrieved 6 February 2007 Account Suspended Archived from the original on 2016 03 05 Retrieved 2012 01 28 Gebrewold Belachew 2013 03 28 Anatomy of Violence Understanding the systems of conflict and violence in Africa Ashgate Publishing Ltd p 130 ISBN 9781409499213 Retrieved 14 November 2017 NEC Starts to release Provisional Results of 5 electoral districts Somaliland Standard 2021 06 02 Retrieved 2021 08 04 Somaliland President Imposes State of Emergency to Sanaag Region www somaliland com Retrieved 2021 10 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link The Somali conflict Part V Somaliland peace building 5 Shir Nabadeedka ee Sanaag The Sanaag grand peace and reconciliation conference www nzdl org Retrieved 2021 10 16 Factors influencing of Somali Women Entrepreneurs in Puntland State A case study of Baran and Dhahar Districts Sanaag Region a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sanaag Region Gwillim Law Districts of Somalia Statoids December 31 1990 SOMALIA NATIONAL PEACE CONFERENCE Districts of Somalia PEACE PLAN DJIBOUTI 20 APRIL 5 MAY 2000 Warsangeli Sultanate Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanaag amp oldid 1128934193, 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