fbpx
Wikipedia

Somali Youth League

January 07, 2023

The Somali Youth League (SYL) (Somali: Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed رابطة الشباب الصومالي, Italian: Lega dei Giovani Somali or Lega Somala della Gioventù), initially known as the Somali Youth Club (SYC), was the first political party in Somalia. It played a key role in the nation's road to independence during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.

Somali Youth League
Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed
رابطة الشباب الصومالي
Lega dei Giovani Somali
PresidentAbdulkadir Sheikh Sakhawudeen
Founded1943 (1943)
Banned1969 (1969)[1]
HeadquartersMogadishu, Somalia
Harar (proposed)
IdeologySomali nationalism
Colours    Red, White, Blue
Party flag

History

During the Second World War, Britain occupied Italian Somaliland and militarily administered the territory from 1941 to 1950. Faced with growing Italian political pressure inimical to continued British tenure and Somali aspirations for independence, the Somalis and the British came to see each other as allies. The first modern Somali political party, the Somali Youth Club (SYC), was subsequently established in Mogadishu in 1943.[2]

At its foundation in 1943, the party had thirteen founding members. 5 Hawiye, 4 Darod, 2 Rahanweyn, 2 Benadiri.[3][4] The Harari would become members in 1946 when SYL opened an office in Harar.[5] SYL supported Greater Somalia with Harar being the capital and a combined Harari-Somali representatives were commissioned to reveal this proposal to the U.N office in Mogadishu.[6] Somali Youth League members were significantly influenced by the earlier religious rebellion at the turn of the century of various religious figures such as Uways al-Barawi, Sheikh Hassan Barsane and Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.[2] To empower the new party, the better educated police and civil servants were permitted to join it. By 1948, following an official visit to the territory by the Four Power Commission, the SYC was a well-structured political unit,[2] Abdullahi Issa was elected as its secretary general and renamed itself as the Somali Youth League (SYL) and began to open offices not only in Italian and British Somaliland, but also in the Ogaden and in the Northern Frontier District (NFD). The SYL's stated objectives were to unify all Somali territories, including the NFD and the Ogaden; to create opportunities for universal modern education; to develop the Somali language by a standard national orthography; to safeguard Somali interests; and to oppose the restoration of Italian rule. SYL policy banned clannishness so that the thirteen founding members, although representing four of Somalia's five major clans, refused to disclose their clan affiliations. Although the SYL enjoyed considerable popular support from northerners, the principal parties in British Somaliland were the Somali National League (SNL) and National United Front (NUF), mainly associated with the Isaaq clan, and the United Somal[7]i Party (USP), which had the support of the Dir (Gadabuursi) and Darod (Dulbahante and Warsangali) clans. In 1945, the Potsdam conference was held, where it was decided not to return Italian Somaliland to Italy.[8] The United Nations opted instead in November 1949 to grant Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition—first proposed by the SYL and other nascent Somali political organizations that were then agitating for independence, such as the Marehan Union Party, Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali (HDMS) (which later became Hizbia Dastur Mustaqbal Somali) and the SNL— that Somalia achieve independence within ten years.[9][10] However, Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali's solution differed from the SYL's in that they requested a thirty-year trusteeship administered by Italy.[11]

British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until June 26, 1960, when it became independent. The former Italian Somaliland followed suit five days later.[12] On July 1, 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain.[13][14][15] A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal with Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the first President of the Somali Republic,[16][17] and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister, later to become President (from 1967-1969). On July 20, 1961 and through a popular referendum, the Somali people ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960.[18]

In the first national elections after independence, held on 30 March 1964, the SYL won an absolute majority of 69 of the 123 parliamentary seats. The remaining seats were divided among 11 parties. Five years from then, in general elections held in March 1969, the ruling SYL led by Mohammed Ibrahim Egal returned to power. However, in the same year, then President of Somalia Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke was assassinated. A military coup quickly ensued, with Siad Barre now assuming leadership. Barre's Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic,[19][20] arrested members of the former government, banned political parties,[21] dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.[22]

Political leaders

Founders and leaders

The following is a list of the SYL's 13 original founder members,

  • Abdulkadir Sheikh Sakhawudeen
  • Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke
  • Dahir Haji Osman Sharmarke (Dhegaweyne)
  • Mohamed Hirsi Nur (Seyedin)
  • Aden Isaaq Ahmed (Borama)
  • Haji Mahamed Hussein Mahad
  • Osman Geedi Rage
  • Dhere Haji Dhere
  • Ali Hasan Maslah
  • Mohamed Ali Nur,
  • Mohamed Farah Hilowle
  • H. Mohamed Abdullahi Hayesi
  • Marwan Osman Mohamed

Notable members

The following is a list of other notable public officials that emerged from the SYL's ranks:

Presidents
Prime Ministers
Presidents of the Somali National Assembly
Ministers
Parliamentarians
Other
  • Ali Shido Abdi: Vice-Chairman of the SYL
  • Lewis Clement Salool: Lewis designed the SYL flag in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 1942
  • Ali Herzi Farah: Honourable speaker & Central committee member

Somali Youth Day

The Somali Youth League's establishment on May 15, 1943 is annually commemorated in Somalia. Official celebrations are organized throughout the country on this Somali Youth Day to honour the SYL's members and their key role in the nation's path to independence. In 2014, government representatives, youth associations, women's groups, singers and local residents celebrated the Somali Youth League's 71st anniversary.[23]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Metz, Helen C., ed. (1992), "Politics", Somalia: A Country Study, Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, retrieved April 1, 2013
  2. ^ a b c I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p.304.
  3. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. LIT. p. 304. ISBN 9783825830847. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  4. ^ Coleman, James (1988). Ufahamu. African Activist Association, African Studies Center, University of California. p. 95.
  5. ^ Barnes, Cedric (2007). "The Somali Youth League, Ethiopian Somalis and the Greater Somali Idea" (PDF). Journal of Eastern African Studies. 1 (2): 285. doi:10.1080/17531050701452564. S2CID 143480501.
  6. ^ Islamic Reform in Twentieth-Century Africa. Edinburgh University Press. 8 September 2016. ISBN 9781474414913.
  7. ^
  8. ^ Federal Research Division, Somalia: A Country Study, (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38
  9. ^ Aristide R. Zolberg et al., Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World, (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106
  10. ^ Henry Louis Gates, Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749
  11. ^ Nelson, Harold D. (1982). "Somalia, a Country Study".
  12. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.835
  13. ^ The beginning of the Somali nation after independence 2008-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960 2009-01-16 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ The making of a Somalia state
  16. ^
  17. ^
  18. ^ Greystone Press Staff, The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338
  19. ^ J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, The Cambridge history of Africa, Volume 8, (Cambridge University Press: 1985), p.478.
  20. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana: complete in thirty volumes. Skin to Sumac, Volume 25, (Grolier: 1995), p.214.
  21. ^ Metz, Helen C., ed. (1992), "Coup d'Etat", Somalia: A Country Study, Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, retrieved October 21, 2009.
  22. ^ Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy, (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p.279.
  23. ^ . Raxanreeb. 15 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

References

External links

  • SYL election results

January 07, 2023
somali, youth, league, somali, ururka, dhalinyarada, soomaaliyeed, رابطة, الشباب, الصومالي, italian, lega, giovani, somali, lega, somala, della, gioventù, initially, known, somali, youth, club, first, political, party, somalia, played, role, nation, road, inde. The Somali Youth League SYL Somali Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed رابطة الشباب الصومالي Italian Lega dei Giovani Somali or Lega Somala della Gioventu initially known as the Somali Youth Club SYC was the first political party in Somalia It played a key role in the nation s road to independence during the 1940s 1950s and 1960s Somali Youth League Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed رابطة الشباب الصومالي Lega dei Giovani SomaliPresidentAbdulkadir Sheikh SakhawudeenFounded1943 1943 Banned1969 1969 1 HeadquartersMogadishu SomaliaHarar proposed IdeologySomali nationalismColours Red White BlueParty flagPolitics of SomaliaPolitical partiesElections Contents 1 History 2 Political leaders 2 1 Founders and leaders 2 2 Notable members 3 Somali Youth Day 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditDuring the Second World War Britain occupied Italian Somaliland and militarily administered the territory from 1941 to 1950 Faced with growing Italian political pressure inimical to continued British tenure and Somali aspirations for independence the Somalis and the British came to see each other as allies The first modern Somali political party the Somali Youth Club SYC was subsequently established in Mogadishu in 1943 2 At its foundation in 1943 the party had thirteen founding members 5 Hawiye 4 Darod 2 Rahanweyn 2 Benadiri 3 4 The Harari would become members in 1946 when SYL opened an office in Harar 5 SYL supported Greater Somalia with Harar being the capital and a combined Harari Somali representatives were commissioned to reveal this proposal to the U N office in Mogadishu 6 Somali Youth League members were significantly influenced by the earlier religious rebellion at the turn of the century of various religious figures such as Uways al Barawi Sheikh Hassan Barsane and Mohammed Abdullah Hassan 2 To empower the new party the better educated police and civil servants were permitted to join it By 1948 following an official visit to the territory by the Four Power Commission the SYC was a well structured political unit 2 Abdullahi Issa was elected as its secretary general and renamed itself as the Somali Youth League SYL and began to open offices not only in Italian and British Somaliland but also in the Ogaden and in the Northern Frontier District NFD The SYL s stated objectives were to unify all Somali territories including the NFD and the Ogaden to create opportunities for universal modern education to develop the Somali language by a standard national orthography to safeguard Somali interests and to oppose the restoration of Italian rule SYL policy banned clannishness so that the thirteen founding members although representing four of Somalia s five major clans refused to disclose their clan affiliations Although the SYL enjoyed considerable popular support from northerners the principal parties in British Somaliland were the Somali National League SNL and National United Front NUF mainly associated with the Isaaq clan and the United Somal 7 i Party USP which had the support of the Dir Gadabuursi and Darod Dulbahante and Warsangali clans In 1945 the Potsdam conference was held where it was decided not to return Italian Somaliland to Italy 8 The United Nations opted instead in November 1949 to grant Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland but only under close supervision and on the condition first proposed by the SYL and other nascent Somali political organizations that were then agitating for independence such as the Marehan Union Party Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali HDMS which later became Hizbia Dastur Mustaqbal Somali and the SNL that Somalia achieve independence within ten years 9 10 However Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali s solution differed from the SYL s in that they requested a thirty year trusteeship administered by Italy 11 British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until June 26 1960 when it became independent The former Italian Somaliland followed suit five days later 12 On July 1 1960 the two territories united to form the Somali Republic albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain 13 14 15 A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal with Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the first President of the Somali Republic 16 17 and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister later to become President from 1967 1969 On July 20 1961 and through a popular referendum the Somali people ratified a new constitution which was first drafted in 1960 18 In the first national elections after independence held on 30 March 1964 the SYL won an absolute majority of 69 of the 123 parliamentary seats The remaining seats were divided among 11 parties Five years from then in general elections held in March 1969 the ruling SYL led by Mohammed Ibrahim Egal returned to power However in the same year then President of Somalia Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke was assassinated A military coup quickly ensued with Siad Barre now assuming leadership Barre s Supreme Revolutionary Council SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic 19 20 arrested members of the former government banned political parties 21 dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court and suspended the constitution 22 Political leaders EditFounders and leaders Edit The following is a list of the SYL s 13 original founder members Abdulkadir Sheikh Sakhawudeen Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke Dahir Haji Osman Sharmarke Dhegaweyne Mohamed Hirsi Nur Seyedin Aden Isaaq Ahmed Borama Haji Mahamed Hussein Mahad Osman Geedi Rage Dhere Haji Dhere Ali Hasan Maslah Mohamed Ali Nur Mohamed Farah Hilowle H Mohamed Abdullahi Hayesi Marwan Osman MohamedNotable members Edit The following is a list of other notable public officials that emerged from the SYL s ranks PresidentsAden Abdullah Osman Daar July 1 1960 June 10 1967 Abdirashid Ali Shermarke July 6 1967 October 15 1969 Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein October 15 1969 October 21 1969 Said Aaran Ibrahim July 20 1967 December 15 1982 Prime MinistersAbdullahi Issa Mohamud February 29 1956 July 12 1960 Abdirashid Ali Shermarke July 1 1960 June 10 1964 Abdirizak Haji Hussein June 14 1964 July 15 1967 Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal July 15 1967 October 21 1969 Aden Isaaq Ahmed October 21 1969 to Siad s coup Umar Arteh Ghalib January 24 1991 May 1993Presidents of the Somali National AssemblyHaji Bashir Ismail Yusuf July 1 1960 mid July 1960 Jama Abdullahi Qalib mid July 1960 May 26 1964 Ahmed Mohamed Obsiye May 26 1964 1967 Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein 1967 October 15 1969MinistersAbdillahi Mohammed Ahmed Minister of National and Coordination Sheekh Cabdiqani Sheekh Axmed Minister of Justice and Religion Affairs Haji Farah Ali Omar Minister of Economic Affairs Hirsi Bulhan Farah Minister of livestock Mohamed Said Samatar Minister of State Sheikh Ali Jimale Minister of Health Labour and Veterinary Service Michael Mariano Minister of Economic PlanningParliamentariansOsman Haji Mohamed MP for El DheerOtherAli Shido Abdi Vice Chairman of the SYL Lewis Clement Salool Lewis designed the SYL flag in Addis Ababa Ethiopia in 1942 Ali Herzi Farah Honourable speaker amp Central committee memberSomali Youth Day EditThe Somali Youth League s establishment on May 15 1943 is annually commemorated in Somalia Official celebrations are organized throughout the country on this Somali Youth Day to honour the SYL s members and their key role in the nation s path to independence In 2014 government representatives youth associations women s groups singers and local residents celebrated the Somali Youth League s 71st anniversary 23 See also EditHistory of Somalia List of political parties in Somalia Elections in SomaliaNotes Edit Metz Helen C ed 1992 Politics Somalia A Country Study Washington D C Library of Congress retrieved April 1 2013 a b c I M Lewis A pastoral democracy a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa LIT Verlag Munster 1999 p 304 Lewis I M 1999 A Pastoral Democracy A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa LIT p 304 ISBN 9783825830847 Retrieved 12 October 2021 Coleman James 1988 Ufahamu African Activist Association African Studies Center University of California p 95 Barnes Cedric 2007 The Somali Youth League Ethiopian Somalis and the Greater Somali Idea PDF Journal of Eastern African Studies 1 2 285 doi 10 1080 17531050701452564 S2CID 143480501 Islamic Reform in Twentieth Century Africa Edinburgh University Press 8 September 2016 ISBN 9781474414913 A tribute to the Somalia founding father its president in 1960s Federal Research Division Somalia A Country Study Kessinger Publishing LLC 2004 p 38 Aristide R Zolberg et al Escape from Violence Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World Oxford University Press 1992 p 106 Henry Louis Gates Africana The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience Oxford University Press 1999 p 1749 Nelson Harold D 1982 Somalia a Country Study Encyclopaedia Britannica The New Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica 2002 p 835 The beginning of the Somali nation after independence Archived 2008 04 23 at the Wayback Machine The dawn of the Somali nation state in 1960 Archived 2009 01 16 at the Wayback Machine The making of a Somalia state Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father The founding father of Somalia Greystone Press Staff The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples Africa North and East Greystone Press 1967 p 338 J D Fage Roland Anthony Oliver The Cambridge history of Africa Volume 8 Cambridge University Press 1985 p 478 The Encyclopedia Americana complete in thirty volumes Skin to Sumac Volume 25 Grolier 1995 p 214 Metz Helen C ed 1992 Coup d Etat Somalia A Country Study Washington D C Library of Congress retrieved October 21 2009 Peter John de la Fosse Wiles The New Communist Third World an essay in political economy Taylor amp Francis 1982 p 279 SOMALIA Somali Youth day celebrated in Garowe Raxanreeb 15 May 2014 Archived from the original on 19 May 2014 Retrieved 16 May 2014 References Edit This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress Country Studies External links EditSYL election results Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Somali Youth League amp oldid 1131720656, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.