An integrated circuit (IC) on a printed circuit board. This is called a solid-state circuit because all of the electrical activity in the circuit occurs within solid materials.
History
The term "solid-state" became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of electrons or ions in a vacuum within a sealed tube.
Although the first solid-state electronic device was the cat's whisker detector, a crude semiconductor diode invented around 1904, solid-state electronics started with the invention of the transistor in 1947.[7] Before that, all electronic equipment used vacuum tubes, because vacuum tubes were the only electronic components that could amplify—an essential capability in all electronics. The transistor, which was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain while working under William Shockley at Bell Laboratories in 1947,[8] could also amplify, and replaced vacuum tubes. The first transistor Hi-Fi system was developed by engineers at GE and demonstrated at the University of Philadelphia in 1955.[9] In terms of commercial production, The Fisher TR-1 was the first "All Transistor" preamplifier, which became available mid-1956.[10] In 1961, a company named Transis-tronics released a solid-state amplifier, the TEC S-15.[11]
^Murty, B.S.; Shankar, P.; Raj, Baldev; et al. (2013). Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Springer Science and Business Media. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-3642280306. from the original on 2017-12-29.
^Papadopoulos, Christo (2013). Solid-State Electronic Devices: An Introduction. Springer Science and Business Media. pp. 5–6. ISBN978-1461488361. from the original on 2017-12-29.
^Vaughan, Francis (February 22, 2012). "Why the expression "solid state" instead of simply "solid"?". StraightDope message board (Mailing list). from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^"What does solid-state mean in relation to electronics?". How Stuff Works. InfoSpace Holdings LLC. 2017. from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^"Solid state device". Encyclopaedia Britannica online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. 2017. from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^Campardo, Giovanni; Tiziani, Federico; Iaculo, Massimo (2011). Memory Mass Storage. Springer Science and Business Media. p. 85. ISBN978-3642147524. from the original on 2017-12-29.
^Papadopoulos (2013) Solid-State Electronic Devices: An Introduction 2017-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, p. 11, 81-83
^Manuel, Castells (1996). The information age : economy, society and culture. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN978-0631215943. OCLC 43092627.
^Sorab K. Ghandhi; Vernon Mathis; Edward Keonjian; Richard Shea; et al. (1957) The World's First Transistor Hi-Fi System
solid, state, electronics, semiconductor, electronics, electronic, equipment, that, semiconductor, devices, such, transistors, diodes, integrated, circuits, term, also, used, adjective, devices, which, semiconductor, electronics, that, have, moving, parts, rep. Solid state electronics are semiconductor electronics electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors diodes and integrated circuits ICs 1 2 3 4 5 The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts such as the solid state relay in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving arm electromechanical relay or the solid state drive SSD a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives which store data on a rotating disk 6 An integrated circuit IC on a printed circuit board This is called a solid state circuit because all of the electrical activity in the circuit occurs within solid materials History EditThe term solid state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of electrons or ions in a vacuum within a sealed tube Although the first solid state electronic device was the cat s whisker detector a crude semiconductor diode invented around 1904 solid state electronics started with the invention of the transistor in 1947 7 Before that all electronic equipment used vacuum tubes because vacuum tubes were the only electronic components that could amplify an essential capability in all electronics The transistor which was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain while working under William Shockley at Bell Laboratories in 1947 8 could also amplify and replaced vacuum tubes The first transistor Hi Fi system was developed by engineers at GE and demonstrated at the University of Philadelphia in 1955 9 In terms of commercial production The Fisher TR 1 was the first All Transistor preamplifier which became available mid 1956 10 In 1961 a company named Transis tronics released a solid state amplifier the TEC S 15 11 The replacement of bulky fragile energy hungry vacuum tubes by transistors in the 1960s and 1970s created a revolution not just in technology but in people s habits making possible the first truly portable consumer electronics such as the transistor radio cassette tape player walkie talkie and quartz watch as well as the first practical computers and mobile phones Other examples of solid state electronic devices are the microprocessor chip LED lamp solar cell charge coupled device CCD image sensor used in cameras and semiconductor laser See also EditCondensed matter physics Laser diode Materials science Semiconductor device Solar cell Solid state physics Power management integrated circuitReferences Edit Murty B S Shankar P Raj Baldev et al 2013 Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Springer Science and Business Media pp 108 109 ISBN 978 3642280306 Archived from the original on 2017 12 29 Papadopoulos Christo 2013 Solid State Electronic Devices An Introduction Springer Science and Business Media pp 5 6 ISBN 978 1461488361 Archived from the original on 2017 12 29 Vaughan Francis February 22 2012 Why the expression solid state instead of simply solid StraightDope message board Mailing list Archived from the original on December 7 2017 Retrieved December 5 2017 What does solid state mean in relation to electronics How Stuff Works InfoSpace Holdings LLC 2017 Archived from the original on December 7 2017 Retrieved December 5 2017 Solid state device Encyclopaedia Britannica online Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc 2017 Archived from the original on August 1 2017 Retrieved December 5 2017 Campardo Giovanni Tiziani Federico Iaculo Massimo 2011 Memory Mass Storage Springer Science and Business Media p 85 ISBN 978 3642147524 Archived from the original on 2017 12 29 Papadopoulos 2013 Solid State Electronic Devices An Introduction Archived 2017 12 29 at the Wayback Machine p 11 81 83 Manuel Castells 1996 The information age economy society and culture Oxford Blackwell ISBN 978 0631215943 OCLC 43092627 Sorab K Ghandhi Vernon Mathis Edward Keonjian Richard Shea et al 1957 The World s First Transistor Hi Fi System Announcement High Fidelity March 1956 p 9 Announcement Audio Magazine Aug 1961 p 44 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Solid state electronics amp oldid 1167196998, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
