A radiant or radiate crown, also known as a solar crown, sun crown, Eastern crown, or tyrant's crown, is a crown, wreath, diadem, or other headgear symbolizing the sun or more generally powers associated with the sun. Apart from the Ancient Egyptian form of a disc between two horns, it is shaped with a number of narrowing bands going outwards from the wearer's head, to represent the rays of the sun. These may be represented either as flat, on the same plane as the circlet of the crown, or rising at right angles to it.
In the iconography of ancient Egypt, the solar crown is taken as a disc framed by the horns of a ram[1][2] or cow. It is worn by deities such as Horus in his solar or hawk-headed form,[3]Hathor, and Isis. It may also be worn by pharaohs.[4]
In Ptolemaic Egypt, the solar crown could also be a radiate diadem, modeled after the type worn by Alexander the Great (as identified with the sun god Helios) in art from the mid-2nd century BC onward.[5] It was perhaps influenced by contact with the Shunga Empire,[6] and a Greco-Bactrian example is depicted at the great stupa of Bharhut.[7] The first ruler of Egypt shown wearing this version of a solar crown was Ptolemy III Euergetes (246–222 BC).[8]
In the Roman Empire, the solar crown was worn by Roman emperors, especially in association with the cult of Sol Invictus,[9] influenced also by radiate depictions of Alexander.[10] Although Augustus is shown wearing one in a posthumous coin, after his deification, and Nero on at least one coin while he was alive, it only became common, and sometimes usual, on coins in the 3rd century. Histories record that Gallienus at least wore an actual crown in public.[11] The solar crown worn by Constantine, the first emperor to convert to Christianity, was reinterpreted as representing the "Holy Nails".[12]
Much later, the radiate crown became associated with Liberty personified, usually in a form as though a circular disc with radiating rays in different directions was worn. This may first appear in the Great Seal of France from 1848 (and under subsequent French republics), and is best known from the Statue of Liberty. From the Renaissance on the ancient Colossus of Rhodes, a statue of Helios, was often shown with such a crown, although its appearance is now uncertain.
^The World of Roman Costume, Eds Judith Lynn Sebesta, Larissa Bonfante, p.82, 2001, Univ of Wisconsin Press, ISBN0299138542, 9780299138547, google books
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radiant crowns.
Bardill, Jonathan (2012), Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age, Cambridge University Press
Cooney, Kathlyn M. (2012), "Apprenticeship and Figures Ostraca from the Ancient Egyptian Village of Deir el-Medina", Archaeology and Apprenticeship: Body Knowledge, Identity, and Communities of Practice, University of Arizona Press
Lavan, Luke (2011), "Political Talimans? Residual 'Pagan' Statues in Late Antique Public Space", The Archaeology of Late Antique 'Paganism', Brill
Stewart, Andrew (1993), Faces of Power: Alexander's Image and Hellenistic Politics, University of California Press
Teissier, Beatrice (1996), Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis Series Archaeologia, vol. 11, Fribourg Switzerland: University Press
January 06, 2023
radiate, crown, papal, encyclical, fulgens, corona, radiant, radiate, crown, also, known, solar, crown, crown, eastern, crown, tyrant, crown, crown, wreath, diadem, other, headgear, symbolizing, more, generally, powers, associated, with, apart, from, ancient, . For the papal encyclical see Fulgens corona A radiant or radiate crown also known as a solar crown sun crown Eastern crown or tyrant s crown is a crown wreath diadem or other headgear symbolizing the sun or more generally powers associated with the sun Apart from the Ancient Egyptian form of a disc between two horns it is shaped with a number of narrowing bands going outwards from the wearer s head to represent the rays of the sun These may be represented either as flat on the same plane as the circlet of the crown or rising at right angles to it Coin of Bahram I of the Sassanian Empire Late 3rd century AD Ctesiphon mint Coin of the Roman emperor Probus circa 280 both Probus and Sol Invictus driving his chariot are wearing a radiate solar crown Coin of the Roman emperor Aurelian 274 275 Aurelian and Sol Invictus are wearing a radiate crown Coin of the Roman emperor Gordian III 240 s AD Gordian III shown in profile on the obverse is wearing a radiate crown Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 Notes 4 ReferencesHistory EditIn the iconography of ancient Egypt the solar crown is taken as a disc framed by the horns of a ram 1 2 or cow It is worn by deities such as Horus in his solar or hawk headed form 3 Hathor and Isis It may also be worn by pharaohs 4 In Ptolemaic Egypt the solar crown could also be a radiate diadem modeled after the type worn by Alexander the Great as identified with the sun god Helios in art from the mid 2nd century BC onward 5 It was perhaps influenced by contact with the Shunga Empire 6 and a Greco Bactrian example is depicted at the great stupa of Bharhut 7 The first ruler of Egypt shown wearing this version of a solar crown was Ptolemy III Euergetes 246 222 BC 8 In the Roman Empire the solar crown was worn by Roman emperors especially in association with the cult of Sol Invictus 9 influenced also by radiate depictions of Alexander 10 Although Augustus is shown wearing one in a posthumous coin after his deification and Nero on at least one coin while he was alive it only became common and sometimes usual on coins in the 3rd century Histories record that Gallienus at least wore an actual crown in public 11 The solar crown worn by Constantine the first emperor to convert to Christianity was reinterpreted as representing the Holy Nails 12 Much later the radiate crown became associated with Liberty personified usually in a form as though a circular disc with radiating rays in different directions was worn This may first appear in the Great Seal of France from 1848 and under subsequent French republics and is best known from the Statue of Liberty From the Renaissance on the ancient Colossus of Rhodes a statue of Helios was often shown with such a crown although its appearance is now uncertain Egyptian aegis from the Louvre Amen Re wearing a tall feather crown and sun disk 715 664 BC Helios in his chariot early 4th century BC Temple of Athena Ilion Coin issued by Alexander King of Epirus 333 330 BC Coin of Ptolemy IV Philopator depicting his deified father Ptolemy III d 222 BC Helios wearing the chlamys Tripoli 1st century AD Helios in a clipeus detail from a Roman sarcophagus early 3rd century AD Ballet costume worn by Louis XIV of France playing Apollo 1653 Great Seal of France 1848 Coat of arms of Isaac Heard its escutcheon describing Neptune s headpiece as an Eastern crown See also EditCrown of justification Crown of thorns Crowns of Egypt Halo Horned deityNotes Edit Teissier 1996 p 185 Cooney 2012 p 149 Teissier 1996 p 50 Teissier 1996 p 122 Stewart 1993 p 246 Stewart 1993 p 180 Stewart 1993 p 180 Stewart 1993 pp 142 246 Bardill 2012 p 114 Stewart 1993 p 246 The World of Roman Costume Eds Judith Lynn Sebesta Larissa Bonfante p 82 2001 Univ of Wisconsin Press ISBN 0299138542 9780299138547 google books Lavan 2011 p 459References Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radiant crowns Bardill Jonathan 2012 Constantine Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age Cambridge University Press Cooney Kathlyn M 2012 Apprenticeship and Figures Ostraca from the Ancient Egyptian Village of Deir el Medina Archaeology and Apprenticeship Body Knowledge Identity and Communities of Practice University of Arizona Press Lavan Luke 2011 Political Talimans Residual Pagan Statues in Late Antique Public Space The Archaeology of Late Antique Paganism Brill Stewart Andrew 1993 Faces of Power Alexander s Image and Hellenistic Politics University of California Press Teissier Beatrice 1996 Egyptian Iconography on Syro Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis Series Archaeologia vol 11 Fribourg Switzerland University Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Radiate crown amp oldid 1131011732, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
