Italian Socialist Party (2007)
The Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI) is a social-democratic[5] political party in Italy. The party was founded in 2007–2008 by the merger of the following social-democratic parties and groups: Enrico Boselli's Italian Democratic Socialists (legal successor of the Italian Socialist Party), the faction of the New Italian Socialist Party led by Gianni De Michelis, The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi, Democracy and Socialism of Gavino Angius, the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci, Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and some other minor organisations. Until October 2009, the party was known as Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista, PS).
Italian Socialist Party Partito Socialista Italiano | |
|---|---|
| Secretary | Enzo Maraio |
| President | Luigi Incarnato |
| Founded | 5 October 2007 |
| Merger of | Italian Democratic Socialists New Italian Socialist Party (faction)[1] The Italian Socialists (faction) Other minor organisations |
| Headquarters | Via Santa Caterina da Siena 57, 00186 Rome[2] |
| Newspaper | Avanti! Mondoperaio |
| Youth wing | Federation of Young Socialists |
| Membership (2016) | 20,600[3] |
| Ideology | Social democracy |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| National affiliation | Coalition Centre-left coalition Electoral list Left and Freedom (2009) Democratic Party (2013–2014) Together (2017–2018) More Europe (2019) Italia Viva (2019–2022) PD–IDP (2022–) |
| European affiliation | Party of European Socialists |
| International affiliation | Socialist International |
| European Parliament group | Party of European Socialists (2007–2009) |
| Colors | Red |
| Chamber of Deputies | 0 / 400 |
| Senate[4] | 0 / 200 |
| European Parliament | 0 / 73 |
| Regional Councils | 1 / 896 |
| Website | |
| partitosocialista.it | |
From 2008 to 2019, Riccardo Nencini from Tuscany has been party leader. Elected senator with the Democratic Party in 2013 and re-elected in 2018, he was Deputy Minister of Infrastructures and Transports from 2014 to 2019 (Renzi Cabinet and Gentiloni Cabinet). In March 2019, Nencini stepped down as secretary and was replaced by Enzo Maraio, from Campania. Since September 2019, the PSI sits within the parliamentary group of Italia Viva in the Senate.[6]
History edit
Foundation edit
A merger of all the parties hailing from the tradition of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) (disbanded in 1994 as a result of Tangentopoli scandals) and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) was initially proposed by Enrico Boselli during a congress of his Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI) in April 2007. In that occasion, the party decided not to join the Democratic Party (PD) and called for a Socialist Constituent Assembly (Costituente Socialista) instead.
Some minor parties and associations, including The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi, Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci, immediately welcomed Boselli's proposal, while in June 2007 the New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI) divided in two groups: the first, led by Stefano Caldoro and Lucio Barani, opted to join The People of Freedom and retained the NPSI identity; the second, led by Mauro Del Bue and Gianni De Michelis, agreed to join the Socialist Constituent Assembly.[7][8][9][10] Indeed, the two factions elected their secretary in two separate congresses: on 24 June Caldoro was elected secretary by the right-wing faction of the party,[11] while on 7–8 July Del Bue and De Michelis were elected respectively secretary and president by those members who wanted to take part to the foundation of the Socialist Party,[12] whose first meeting took place on 14 July.[13][14] In practice, for some time the NPSI had two secretaries.[15] Subsequently, on 24 October 2007, the two MEPs elected on the United Socialists for Europe list in the 2004 European Parliament election, De Michelis and Alessandro Battilocchio, joined the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.[16][17]
At its foundation in October 2007, the Socialist Party (PS) was joined also by Gavino Angius's Democracy and Socialism, a group of former Democrats of the Left most recently affiliated with the Democratic Left.
At the 2008 general election, the PS stood alone and Boselli was its candidate for Prime Minister.[18] In the event, the party gained less than 1% of the vote (well below thresholds) and failed to win any seats in the Italian Parliament.
Out of Parliament edit
At the first party congress, which took place in July 2008, Riccardo Nencini was elected secretary (replacing Boselli) while Pia Locatelli was elected president.[19] In September, Nencini proposed a new "reformist axis" comprising the Democratic Party (PD), the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC) and the Socialists while explaining that the Democrats needed to choose between the reformism of the PS and the populism of Italy of Values (IdV).[20] In October 2008, Angius led his group into the PD, proposing that the entire PS should follow him.[21][22][23][24] In reply, Nencini underlined that no former members of the late PSI were leaving the party. In fact, Spini, the only former Socialist in Angius' group, chose to stay in the PS.[25] However, De Michelis left the party soon after.[26]
For the 2009 European Parliament election, the PS formed a joint list named Left and Freedom (SL) with the Movement for the Left (MpS), the Federation of the Greens (FdV), the Democratic Left (SD) and Unite the Left (UlS).[27] SL received a mere 3.1% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Despite this, the national council of the PS chose to continue the experience of SL to build a "secular, libertarian and left-wing" force.[28] This led to the exit of Craxi, who launched the United Socialists in October.[29] However, one month later the PS left SL (later rebranded Left Ecology Freedom, SEL), having refused a full merger.[30] The PS was renamed Italian Socialist Party (PSI), chose to support joint candidates with the PD and to run its own lists in the forthcoming regional elections,[31] opening the way to Craxi's return.[32]
At the 2010 regional elections, the PSI elected a total of 15 regional councillors.[33] The party obtained its best results in Apulia (9.7% with SEL and 4 councillors out of the 11 elected by SEL), Basilicata (4.6% and 1 councillor), Umbria (4.2% and 2 councillors), Campania (3.5% with SEL and 2 councillors out of 2) and Calabria (3.7%, just 0.3% short of the electoral threshold). At the second party congress in July, Nencini was re-elected secretary, but the party was divided between three political lines: the majority around Nencini supported a "reformist" alliance with the PD, UDC and SEL (excluding IdV and the Communist Refoundation Party), the right "autonomist" wing led by Craxi wanted the party to stand alone and the left "frontist" wing favoured stronger co-operation with SEL.[26]
In December 2010, Boselli, long-time SDI leader and PSI founder, who had left active politics after his 2008 defeat, joined the Alliance for Italy (ApI), led by Francesco Rutelli.[29]
Return to Parliament edit
In November 2011, Carlo Vizzini, a senator of The People of Freedom (PdL) and former leader of the PSDI, joined the party, giving it parliamentary representation after more than three years. While leaving the PdL, Vizzini stated: "It seems to me that the PdL is set to become the Italian section of the European People's Party. I come from another tradition: I have been secretary of the PSDI and I was one of the founders of the Party of European Socialists. When I joined Forza Italia there were Liberals, Socialists, Radicals. Now everything has changed".[29] Vizzini was soon elected president of the PSI.
The party did well in the 2012 local elections. In Carrara, the Socialist mayor Angelo Zubbani was re-elected by a landslide and the party obtained 14.4% of the vote.[34] The PSI also won 15.1% in Todi, 8.9% in Narni, 7.2% in Civitanova Marche, 9.5% in Frosinone, 11.8% in Paola and 9.4% in Trapani.[35]
In the 2013 general election, the PSI was part of the Italy. Common Good coalition headed by PD leader Pier Luigi Bersani,[36] whom the PSI had supported in the centre-left primary election. The party obtained 4 deputies and 2 senators, including Nencini, from the lists of the PD and right after supported Enrico Letta's government. During the third party congress in November 2013, Nencini was re-elected secretary, beating Franco Bartolomei of the "frontist" left and Angelo Sollazzo of the "autonomist" wing.[37] In 2015, Bartolomei, Alberto Benzoni and Felice Besostri set up the leftist Socialist Risorgimento and were excluded from the party.[38][39][40][41]
Renzi Cabinet and splits edit
When Letta was replaced by Matteo Renzi with strong support from the PSI in February 2014, Nencini was appointed Deputy Minister of Infrastructures and Transports in Renzi Cabinet. In the summer of 2015, Marco Di Lello, party leader in the Chamber, went so far as proposing the merger of the PSI into the PD and announced that were the party not to follow his proposal, he would join the PD.[29][42][43] In November, Di Lello along with Lello Di Gioia, another deputy, left the PSI and formed along with a deputy of the PD the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) as a faction within the PD.[44][45] Contextually, Carmelo Lo Monte, elected in 2013 with the Democratic Centre, joined the PSI's sub-group and the party as a full member.[46]
During the fourth party congress in April 2016, Nencini was unopposed.[47][48][49] However, Socialist Area, a faction launched in November 2015 by Bobo Craxi, Roberto Biscardini, Gerardo Labellarte and Angelo Sollazzo,[50] who criticised the party's "acritical" support to Renzi Cabinet and Nencini's double role as party leader and deputy minister while proposing a more left-wing positionment for the party as opposed to PD–PSI's "centrism",[51][52] chose not to participate in the congress,[53] a decision that marked the split from the party.[54][55][56] Otherwise, the party was endorsed by Tommaso Nannicini, Renzi's undersecretary and economic advisor.[57]
The PSI did well in the 2016 local elections. In Città di Castello, the Socialist mayor Luciano Bacchetta was re-elected in the first round and the party obtained 21.5% of the vote.[58] The PSI also won 11.7% in Finale Emilia, 10.2% in Sulmona, 14.7% in Frattaminore, 8.2% in Salerno, 12.1% in Melfi and 10.1% in Cassano all'Ionio.[59]
Nencini was confirmed as Deputy Minister of Infrastructures and Transports in the government led by Paolo Gentiloni (PD) in December 2016.
In the 2017 local elections, the party obtained its best results in Nocera Inferiore (13.2%),[60] Palmi (12.0%),[61] Galatina (9.5%),[62] Narni (8.6%)[63] and Trapani (8.8%)[64] while losing ground in its historical stronghold of Carrara (6.5%),[65] where a Socialist was the incumbent term-limited mayor. In September 2017, Michela Marzano, originally elected with the PD, joined the PSI sub-group in the Chamber as an independent[66] while Lo Monte left in November.
2018 general and 2019 EP elections edit
In the run-up to the 2018 general election the PSI, the Greens and Civic Area formed the Together electoral list.[67][68][69] The list obtained a mere 0.6% of the vote and no seats, but Nencini was re-elected to the Senate from the single-seat constituency of Arezzo and Fausto Longo was elected in an overseas constituency from the PD's list. Nencini joined the Mixed Group, while Longo joined a sub-group of the Mixed Group composed of minor centre-left parties, such as Popular Alternative.
In March 2019, during a party congress, Enzo Maraio was elected secretary to replace Nencini,[70] who was later elected president.[71]
In the run up to the 2019 European Parliament election the PSI formed an electoral pact with More Europe, a liberal party.[72]
In September 2019 the PSI was instrumental in the formation of the parliamentary group of Italia Viva, Renzi's new party, in the Senate.[6]
2022 general election edit
In July 2022, the party announced it would join the Democratic and Progressive Italy list led by Enrico Letta, within the centre-left coalition, for the 2022 general election.
Popular support edit
Similarly to its precursors (SI, SDI and NPSI), the PSI has its strongholds in Southern and Central Italy.
In the 2008 general election, the first and latest general election the PSI fought with its own list, the party obtained 1.8% in Umbria, 2.0% in Calabria (2.8% for the Senate), 2.8% in Basilicata and 1.6% in Apulia. In the 2010 regional elections, the party confirmed its strength in its strongholds: 4.2% in Umbria, 3.7% in Calabria, 4.6% in Basilicata, 9.7% in Apulia (along with SEL) and 3.5% in Campania. In the 2013 regional election, the party increased its percentage of the vote to 7.5% in Basilicata.
In the 2015 regional elections, the party formed joint lists with the PD in several cases while obtaining 3.5% in Umbria with its own list.
Electoral results edit
Italian Parliament edit
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 355,575 (10th) | 0.98 | 0 / 630 | – | |
| 2013 | into PD | – | 4 / 630 | 4 | |
| 2018 | into Together | – | 1 / 630 | 3 | |
| 2022 | into PD-IDP | – | 0 / 400 | 1 | Enzo Maraio |
| Senate of the Republic | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 285,802 (9th) | 0.86 | 0 / 315 | – | |
| 2013 | 57,688 (13th) | 0.18 | 3 / 315 | 3 | |
| 2018 | into Together | – | 1 / 315 | 2 | |
| 2022 | into PD-IDP | – | 0 / 200 | 1 | Enzo Maraio |
European Parliament edit
| European Parliament | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | into SeL | 3.13 | 0 / 630 | – | |
| 2014 | into PD | – | 0 / 630 | – | |
| 2019 | into More Europe | – | 0 / 76 | – | Enzo Maraio |
Regional Councils edit
| Region | Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abruzzo | 2019 | into Forward Abruzzo | – | 0 / 31 | – |
| Aosta Valley | 2018 | – | – | 0 / 35 | – |
| Apulia | 2015 | – | – | 0 / 51 | – |
| Basilicata | 2019 | 10,913 (11th) | 3.8 | 0 / 21 | 1 |
| Calabria | 2014 | with the Democratic Party | – | 0 / 30 | – |
| Campania | 2015 | 49,643 (12th) | 2.2 | 1 / 51 | 1 |
| Emilia-Romagna | 2014 | with Civic Emilia-Romagna | – | 0 / 50 | – |
| Friuli Venezia Giulia | 2018 | – | – | 0 / 49 | – |
| Lazio | 2023 | 7,974 (16th) | 0.5 | 0 / 51 | – |
| Liguria | 2015 | – | – | 0 / 31 | – |
| Lombardy | 2018 | with Together | – | 0 / 80 | – |
| Marche | 2015 | with United for Marche | – | 2 / 31 | 1 |
| Molise | 2018 | with Union for Molise | – | 0 / 21 | 1 |
| Piedmont | 2019 | – | – | 0 / 50 | – |
| Sardinia | 2019 | 9,275 (20th)[73] | 1.3 | 0 / 60 | 1 |
| Sicily | 2017 | 115,751 (6th) | 6.0 | 0 / 70 | – |
| South Tyrol | 2018 | – | – | 0 / 35 | – |
| Trentino | 2018 | 2,579 (18th) | 1.1 | 0 / 35 | – |
| Tuscany | 2015 | with the Democratic Party | – | 0 / 41 | – |
| Umbria | 2015 | 12,200 (7th) | 3.5 | 1 / 20 | – |
| Veneto | 2015 | with Civic Veneto | – | 0 / 51 | – |
Leadership edit
- Secretary: Enrico Boselli (2007–2008), Riccardo Nencini (2008–2019), Enzo Maraio (2019–present)
- Coordinator: Marco Di Lello (2008–2014), Gian Franco Schietroma (2014–2018), Luigi Iorio (2019–present)
- Treasurer: Oreste Pastorelli (2008–2022), Marco Strada (2022–president)
- President: Pia Locatelli (2008–2010), Carlo Vizzini (2014–2019), Riccardo Nencini (2019–2022), Luigi Incarnato (2022–present)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Only the left-wing faction led by Gianni De Michelis and Mauro Del Bue
- ^ . Archived from the original on 23 November 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
- ^ In a joint group with Italia Viva.
- ^ Archived copy 15 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Italia Viva avrà il suo gruppo al Senato grazie al socialista Nencini". L'HuffPost. 19 September 2019.
- ^ Nasce la Costituente socialista
- ^ Varata la Costituente socialista Boselli: "Il nuovo partito lo chiamerei Psi"
- ^ Sei in: Archivio > il mattino di Padova > 2007 > 09 > 30 > La costituente socialista... La costituente socialista punta al 4% in regione
- ^ Segretari e leader del socialismo italiano
- ^ "Caldoro segretario del Nuovo Psi". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ "Socialisti: Del Bue, Piu' Impegno Nuovo Psi Verso Costituente". Adnkronos.com. 19 July 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ "De Michelis: costituente socialista Caldoro: tu vuoi andare a sinistra". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ Redazione Tgcom (25 September 2008). . Tgcom24.mediaset.it. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ Gabriele Maestri, I simboli della discordia, Giuffrè, Milan 2012, pp. 119-120
- ^ "Gianni DE MICHELIS". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ "Alessandro BATTILOCCHIO". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 14 February 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2008.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ . Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
- ^ aprileonline.info[permanent dead link]
- ^ "L'Opinione delle Libertà". www.opinione.it.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ a b . Data 24 News - Sondaggio. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ . Data 24 News - Sondaggio. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Archivio Corriere della Sera". archivio.corriere.it.
- ^ "I socialisti oscurano il sito di Sinistra e Libertà La coalizione è in crisi e c'è rischio di scissione - Politica - Repubblica.it". www.repubblica.it.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 17 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ "Carrara - Elezioni Comunali 6-7 maggio 2012". la Repubblica.it.
- ^ http://www.partitosocialista.it/Portals/PartitoSocialista/Documents/amministrative6_7_maggio_2012.pdf[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Pagina non Trovata". www.ilmessaggero.it.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ argondizzo, domenico (13 April 2015). "Assemblea costituente per il risorgimento del socialismo italiano, Roma, 29 marzo 2015 - nuovAtlantide.org".
- ^ Besostri, Felice. "Terza Assemblea Nazione di Risorgimento Socialista".
- ^ "Dichiarazione d'intenti".
- ^ . Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ di rep/com (26 November 2015). "Articolo dall'Archivio Storico - AGV". Ilvelino.it. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ . ww12.agenparl.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "C'è un modo per risolvere il guaio delle fake news politiche a pagamento (e Facebook è d'accordo) ⋆ CorriereQuotidiano.it - Il giornale delle Buone Notizie". 12 November 2019.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- ^ Roselli, Gianluca (15 April 2016). "Tutte le ultime baruffe socialiste fra Bobo Craxi e Riccardo Nencini". Formiche.net.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ "Psi a congresso, nuova scissione sul legame con Renzi". Repubblica.it. 15 April 2016.
- ^ "Renzi, con il Psi saremo la nuova sinistra. Area Bobo Craxi diserta assise". 15 April 2016.
- ^ Radicale, Radio (14 April 2016). "Conferenza di 'Area socialista', la componente interna al Partito socialista italiano che non parteciperà al prossimo congresso del PSI". Radio Radicale.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ "Comune di Città di Castello - Umbria - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - 5 giugno 2016". la Repubblica.it.
- ^ "Administrative info" (PDF). www.partitosocialista.it. 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- ^ "Comune di Nocera Inferiore - Campania - Elezioni Comunali Italia - Risultati - 11-25 giugno 2017 - la Repubblica.it". Repubblica.it.
- ^ "Comune di Palmi - Calabria - Elezioni Comunali Italia - Risultati - 11-25 giugno 2017 - la Repubblica.it". Repubblica.it.
- ^ "Comune di Galatina - Puglia - Elezioni Comunali Italia - Risultati - 11-25 giugno 2017 - la Repubblica.it". Repubblica.it.
- ^ "Comune di Narni - Umbria - Elezioni Comunali Italia - Risultati - 11-25 giugno 2017 - la Repubblica.it". Repubblica.it.
- ^ "Comune di Trapani - Sicilia - Elezioni Comunali Italia - Risultati - 11-25 giugno 2017 - la Repubblica.it". Repubblica.it.
- ^ "Comune di Carrara - Toscana - Elezioni Comunali Italia - Risultati - 11-25 giugno 2017 - la Repubblica.it". Repubblica.it.
- ^ "XVII Legislatura - XVII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi Parlamentari - Composizione gruppi Parlamentari". www.camera.it.
- ^ "Ecco "Insieme", la lista ulivista alleata del Pd". 28 August 2018.
- ^ ""Insieme", Psi con Verdi e prodiani alleati di Renzi: "Non siamo civette o mosche cocchiere". E c'è chi azzarda: "7-8%"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 14 December 2017.
- ^ "Ritorna, in piccolo, L'Ulivo e l'avversario è sempre lo stesso: "Siamo gli unici che hanno battuto due volte Berlusconi"". L'HuffPost. 14 December 2017.
- ^ "Congresso Psi, la mozione di Maraio ottiene il 75% nelle assemblee". SalernoToday (in Italian). Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- ^ "Il CN rinnova i vertici. Nencini presidente, Pastorelli tesoriere. Eletta la Direzione del partito". 5 May 2019.
- ^ "Più Europa più Psi". 9 April 2019.
- ^ In a join list with the Christian Popular Union
External links edit
- Official website