Sivapanthera is a prehistoric genus of felid described by Kretzoi in 1929. Species of Sivapanthera are closely related to the modern cheetah but differ from modern cheetahs by having relatively longer brain cases, flatter foreheads, narrower nostrils and larger teeth. In many ways, skulls of Sivapanthera show similarity to that of the puma, or even those of Panthera. Scholars differ on the validity of this genus, while some think that it should be treated as a distinct genus, others think that its members should be treated as members of the Acinonyx genus, or even as subspecies of Acinonyx pardinensis.
In 1884, Lydekker described two rami from the Pinjor Formation as Felis (?Cynaelurus) brachygnatha.[1] And later in 1925, Zdansky described Cynailurus pleistocaenicus based on fossils from Shansi, China.[2]
In 1929, Hungarian palaeontologist Miklos Kretzoi described several new genera and species: in one paper he re-assigned Felis (Cynaelurus) brachygnatha as Acinonyx brachygnathus, re-described one of its two referred specimens as the new genus and species Sivapanthera lydekkeri;[3] then in a second paper, he described the genus Abacinonyx for Cynailurus pleistocaenicus (the type species) and Felis (Cynaelurus) brachygnathus.[4]
Also in 1929, American paleontologist W. D. Matthews made a review of Siwalik mammals in which he considered Cynailurus pleistoceanicus a junior synonym of Felis brachygnatha, which was also very similar to Felis arvernensis.[5]
Guy Ellcock Pilgrim, in 1932, described a new genus Sivafelis, with the new species Sivafelis potens as the type species and including Felis (?Cynaelurus) brachygnatha (=Sivafelis brachygnathus, and including Sivapanthera lydekkeri as a synonym) and Cynailurus pleistocaenicus (=Sivafelis pleistocaenicus). He admitted that both Abacinonyx and Sivapanthera were older, but stated that the confusion around the type species- Sivapanthera was the senior-most name but its type species was a junior synonym of Abacinonyx' type- compelled him to name a new genus.[6] Colbert Edwin, in his review of Siwalik mammals, followed Pilgrim's assignment of Sivafelis brachygnathus and Sivafelis potens.[7] But Simpson in 1945 noted that Sivapanthera was the senior and thus correct name for the genus, rendering Sivafelis and Abacinonyx junior synonyms.[8]
The status of Sivapanthera species is unresolved, with some researchers considering them all junior synonyms of Acinonyx pardinensis, subspecies of A. pardinensis, species in the genus Acinonyx, or belonging to the genus Sivapanthera is various states of synonymy with each other.[10][11] One paper has suggested in passing that S. potens is a synonym of S. brachygnathus,[12] while another paper stated that "S." potens was unlikely to belong to the same genus and was, in fact, more similar to Panthera uncia and Panthera onca.[13] In 2024, S. pleistocaenicus has been reclassified as a new species of Acinonyx.[14]
Referencesedit
^Lydekker, R. (1884). "Siwalik and Narbada Carnivora". Palaeontologia Indica. 2: 178–351.
^Zdansky, O. (1925). "Quartare Carnivoren aus Nord-China". Palæontologia Sinica, ser. C, v. 2, fasc. 2. Geological Survey of China: 23.
^Kretzoi, M. (1929). "Materialien zur phylogenetischen Klassifikation der Ailuroïden". In Csiki, E. (ed.). Xe Congrès international de zoologie, tenu à Budapest du 4 au 10 septembre 1927. Volume 2. Budapest: Imprimerie Stephaneus. pp. 1293–1355.
^Kretzoi, Miklos (1929). "Feliden–studien [Felida-tanulmányok. II. Aeluroidea közlemény]" (PDF). Földtani Intézet Házinyomdája (in Hungarian). 24: 15.
^Matthew, W. D. (1929). "Critical Observations upon Siwalik Mammals". Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. LVI: 494–495. hdl:2246/1325.
^Pilgrim, G. E. (1932). "The fossil Carnivora of India". Palaeontologia Indica. New Series. 18: 199–203.
^Colbert, Edwin H. (1935). "Siwalik Mammals in the American Museum of Natural History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 26: 1123–124. doi:10.2307/1005467. JSTOR 1005467.
^Simpson, G. G. (1945). "The principles of classification and classification of mammals". Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. 85: 1–350.
^Qiu, Z.; Deng, T.; Wang, B. (2004). "Early Pleistocene Mammalian fauna from Longdan, Dongxiang, Gansu, China" (PDF). Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C. 191 (27): 1–198.
^Tong, Haowen; Zhang, Bei; Chen, Xi; Jiangzuo, Qigao; Liu, Jinyi; Wang, Xiaoming (2023). "New carnivoran remains from the Early Pleistocene Shanshenmiaozui site in Nihewan Basin, northern China". Quaternary International. 658: 60–79. Bibcode:2023QuInt.658...60T. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2023.04.003. S2CID 258306072.
^Cherin, Marco; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Sardella, Raffaele; Rook, Lorenzo (2014). "Acinonyx pardinensis (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla (Italy): Predatory behavior and ecological role of the giant Plio–Pleistocene cheetah". Quaternary Science Reviews. 87: 82–97. Bibcode:2014QSRv...87...82C. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.01.004.
^Jiangzuo, Qigao; Liu, Jinyi (2020). "First record of the Eurasian jaguar in southern Asia and a review of dental differences between pantherine cats". Journal of Quaternary Science. 35 (6): 817–830. Bibcode:2020JQS....35..817J. doi:10.1002/jqs.3222. S2CID 219914902.
^Olive, Florence (2006). "Évolution des grands Carnivores au Plio Pléistocène en Afrique et en Europe occidentale". L'Anthropologie. 110 (5): 850–869. doi:10.1016/j.anthro.2006.10.005.
^Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, Y.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Bartolini Lucenti, S.; Li, S.; Wang, S.; Li, Z.; Yang, R.; Jia, Y.; Zhang, L.; Chen, S.; Jin, C.; Wang, Y.; Liu, J. (2024). "Massive early Middle Pleistocene cheetah from eastern Asia shed light onto the evolution of Acinonyx in Eurasia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 332. 108661. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108661.
January 01, 1970
sivapanthera, prehistoric, genus, felid, described, kretzoi, 1929, species, closely, related, modern, cheetah, differ, from, modern, cheetahs, having, relatively, longer, brain, cases, flatter, foreheads, narrower, nostrils, larger, teeth, many, ways, skulls, . Sivapanthera is a prehistoric genus of felid described by Kretzoi in 1929 Species of Sivapanthera are closely related to the modern cheetah but differ from modern cheetahs by having relatively longer brain cases flatter foreheads narrower nostrils and larger teeth In many ways skulls of Sivapanthera show similarity to that of the puma or even those of Panthera Scholars differ on the validity of this genus while some think that it should be treated as a distinct genus others think that its members should be treated as members of the Acinonyx genus or even as subspecies of Acinonyx pardinensis SivapantheraTemporal range Pliocene Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Suborder Feliformia Family Felidae Subfamily Felinae Genus SivapantheraKretzoi 1929 Type species Sivapanthera brachygnathus Lydekker 1884 Other Species Sivapanthera potens Pilgrim 1932 Sivapanthera linxiaensis Qiu et al 2004 Synonyms Genus synonymy Abacinonyx Kretzoi 1929bSivafelis Pilgrim 1932 Synonyms of S potens Sivafelis potens Pilgrim 1932 Synonyms of S brachygnathus Felis Cynaelurus brachygnatha Lydekker 1884Cynaeulurus brachygnathus sensu Pilgrim 1910Felis brachygnatha sensu Matthew 1929Acinonyx brachygnathus sensu Kretzoi 1929aAcinonyx lydekkeri Kretzoi 1929aAbacinonyx brachygnathus sensu Kretzoi 1929bSivafelis brachygnathus sensu Pilgrim 1932History of taxonomy editIn 1884 Lydekker described two rami from the Pinjor Formation as Felis Cynaelurus brachygnatha 1 And later in 1925 Zdansky described Cynailurus pleistocaenicus based on fossils from Shansi China 2 In 1929 Hungarian palaeontologist Miklos Kretzoi described several new genera and species in one paper he re assigned Felis Cynaelurus brachygnatha as Acinonyx brachygnathus re described one of its two referred specimens as the new genus and species Sivapanthera lydekkeri 3 then in a second paper he described the genus Abacinonyx for Cynailurus pleistocaenicus the type species and Felis Cynaelurus brachygnathus 4 Also in 1929 American paleontologist W D Matthews made a review of Siwalik mammals in which he considered Cynailurus pleistoceanicus a junior synonym of Felis brachygnatha which was also very similar to Felis arvernensis 5 Guy Ellcock Pilgrim in 1932 described a new genus Sivafelis with the new species Sivafelis potens as the type species and including Felis Cynaelurus brachygnatha Sivafelis brachygnathus and including Sivapanthera lydekkeri as a synonym and Cynailurus pleistocaenicus Sivafelis pleistocaenicus He admitted that both Abacinonyx and Sivapanthera were older but stated that the confusion around the type species Sivapanthera was the senior most name but its type species was a junior synonym of Abacinonyx type compelled him to name a new genus 6 Colbert Edwin in his review of Siwalik mammals followed Pilgrim s assignment of Sivafelis brachygnathus and Sivafelis potens 7 But Simpson in 1945 noted that Sivapanthera was the senior and thus correct name for the genus rendering Sivafelis and Abacinonyx junior synonyms 8 A fourth species Sivapanthera linxiaensis from Early Pleistocene deposits in China s Dongxiang Autonomous County was described in 2004 9 The status of Sivapanthera species is unresolved with some researchers considering them all junior synonyms of Acinonyx pardinensis subspecies of A pardinensis species in the genus Acinonyx or belonging to the genus Sivapanthera is various states of synonymy with each other 10 11 One paper has suggested in passing that S potens is a synonym of S brachygnathus 12 while another paper stated that S potens was unlikely to belong to the same genus and was in fact more similar to Panthera uncia and Panthera onca 13 In 2024 S pleistocaenicus has been reclassified as a new species of Acinonyx 14 References edit Lydekker R 1884 Siwalik and Narbada Carnivora Palaeontologia Indica 2 178 351 Zdansky O 1925 Quartare Carnivoren aus Nord China Palaeontologia Sinica ser C v 2 fasc 2 Geological Survey of China 23 Kretzoi M 1929 Materialien zur phylogenetischen Klassifikation der Ailuroiden In Csiki E ed Xe Congres international de zoologie tenu a Budapest du 4 au 10 septembre 1927 Volume 2 Budapest Imprimerie Stephaneus pp 1293 1355 Kretzoi Miklos 1929 Feliden studien Felida tanulmanyok II Aeluroidea kozlemeny PDF Foldtani Intezet Hazinyomdaja in Hungarian 24 15 Matthew W D 1929 Critical Observations upon Siwalik Mammals Bulletin American Museum of Natural History LVI 494 495 hdl 2246 1325 Pilgrim G E 1932 The fossil Carnivora of India Palaeontologia Indica New Series 18 199 203 Colbert Edwin H 1935 Siwalik Mammals in the American Museum of Natural History Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 26 1123 124 doi 10 2307 1005467 JSTOR 1005467 Simpson G G 1945 The principles of classification and classification of mammals Bulletin American Museum of Natural History 85 1 350 Qiu Z Deng T Wang B 2004 Early Pleistocene Mammalian fauna from Longdan Dongxiang Gansu China PDF Palaeontologia Sinica New Series C 191 27 1 198 Tong Haowen Zhang Bei Chen Xi Jiangzuo Qigao Liu Jinyi Wang Xiaoming 2023 New carnivoran remains from the Early Pleistocene Shanshenmiaozui site in Nihewan Basin northern China Quaternary International 658 60 79 Bibcode 2023QuInt 658 60T doi 10 1016 j quaint 2023 04 003 S2CID 258306072 Cherin Marco Iurino Dawid Adam Sardella Raffaele Rook Lorenzo 2014 Acinonyx pardinensis Carnivora Felidae from the Early Pleistocene of Pantalla Italy Predatory behavior and ecological role of the giant Plio Pleistocene cheetah Quaternary Science Reviews 87 82 97 Bibcode 2014QSRv 87 82C doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2014 01 004 Jiangzuo Qigao Liu Jinyi 2020 First record of the Eurasian jaguar in southern Asia and a review of dental differences between pantherine cats Journal of Quaternary Science 35 6 817 830 Bibcode 2020JQS 35 817J doi 10 1002 jqs 3222 S2CID 219914902 Olive Florence 2006 Evolution des grands Carnivores au Plio Pleistocene en Afrique et en Europe occidentale L Anthropologie 110 5 850 869 doi 10 1016 j anthro 2006 10 005 Jiangzuo Q Wang Y Madurell Malapeira J Bartolini Lucenti S Li S Wang S Li Z Yang R Jia Y Zhang L Chen S Jin C Wang Y Liu J 2024 Massive early Middle Pleistocene cheetah from eastern Asia shed light onto the evolution of Acinonyx in Eurasia Quaternary Science Reviews 332 108661 doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2024 108661 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sivapanthera amp oldid 1220427235, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
