The Siamese–Vietnamese wars were a series of armed conflicts between the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom and the various dynasties of Vietnam mainly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Several of the wars took place in modern-day Cambodia.
Map of Thailand and Vietnam during the Chakri-Nguyễn wars
The political, dynastic, and military decline of the Khmer Empire after the 15th century, known as the Post-Angkor Period, left a power vacuum in the Mekong floodplains of central Indochina. United under strong dynastic rule, both Siam to the west and Vietnam to the east sought to achieve hegemony in the lowland region and the Lao mountains. The Siamese introduced – and Vietnam soon followed – the hostage system for Cambodian royals, who were relocated to their courts, actively undermining royal affairs and shaping future Cambodian policies.[a] Eventually, territory was annexed by both powers, who conceived, maintained and supported their favorable Cambodian puppet kings. Actual combat mainly took place on Cambodian territory or on occupied lands. The 19th-century establishment of French Indochina put an end to Vietnamese sovereignty and to Siamese policies of regional expansion. Subsequent clashes of the two countries were not caused by regional rivalry, but must be viewed in the context of the 20th-century imperial policies of foreign great powers and the Cold War.[2][3][b]
The roots of the conflict started at the beginning of the 14th century, when Tai people busily expanded their states and came to clash with established Vietnamese state in the east. During the latter centuries, as the Vietnamese expanding southward to the lower Mekong, they came to conflict with Cambodia and the Siamese state.[5]
Two large Siamese forces invade Cambodia in an effort to help Prea Srey Thomea regain the throne. One Siamese army is badly beaten by the Cambodians and their Vietnamese allies at the Battle of Bantea Meas. The Second Siamese army captures the Cambodian capital of Udong where the Vietnamese supported Cambodian king switches allegiance to Siam. Vietnam loses the suzerainty of Cambodia but annexes several border provinces of Cambodia.
In 1769, King Taksin of Siam invaded and occupied portions of Cambodia. The following year a proxy war between Vietnam and Siam erupted in Cambodia when the Nguyễn Lords responded by attacking Siamese cities. At the outset of the war, Taksin advanced through Cambodia and placed Ang Non II on the Cambodian throne. The Vietnamese responded by recapturing the Cambodian capital and installing Outey II as their preferred monarch. In 1773, the Vietnamese made peace with the Siamese in order to deal with the Tây Sơn rebellion, which was a result of the war with Siam. Two years later Ang Non II was proclaimed the ruler of Cambodia.
^At the time of the invasion one group of the royal family, the reigning king and two or more princes, escaped and eventually found refuge in Laos, while another group, the king's brother and his sons, were taken as hostages to Ayutthaya.[1]
^Laos and Cambodia had been Siamese vassal states since Ayudhya times.[4]
"Franco-Siamese War 1893". GlobalSecurity. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
Gilley, Sheridan; Young, Frances Margaret; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-81456-0.
Kohn, George Childs (1999). Dictionary of Wars (Revised ed.). New York: Facts On File, Inc. ISBN0-8160-3928-3.
Ku Boon Dar. "Tay Son Uprising (1771-1802) In Vietnam: Mandated By Heaven?". Research Gate. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
Nguyen, The Thuan (June 5, 2013). "The Biggest War Between Southeast Asian Countries – War of Dai Viet-Lan Dang (1467–1480)". Late Afternoon. Nguyen The Thuan. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Schliesinger, Joachim (January 2017). The Chong People: A Pearic-Speaking Group of Southeastern Thailand and Their Kin in the Region. Booksmango. ISBN978-1-63323-988-3.
K. W. Taylor (2013). A history of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press.
Tucker, Spencer C. (1999). Vietnam. University Press of Kentucky. p. 13. ISBN978-0-8131-2858-0.
Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. ISBN9781851096725.
Vickery, Michael (1996). "Mak Phœun: Histoire du Cambodge de la fin du XVIe au début du XVIIIe siècle" (PDF). Persee. Michael Vickery. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Wyatt, David K. (1963). "Siam and Laos, 1767–1827". Journal of Southeast Asian History. Jstor. 4 (2): 13–32. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002787. JSTOR 20067439.
Zottoli, Brian A. "Reconceptualizing Southern Vietnamese History from the 15th to 18th Centuries: Competition along the Coasts from Guangdong to Cambodia" (PDF). University of Michigan. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
May 10, 2023
siamese, vietnamese, wars, were, series, armed, conflicts, between, siamese, ayutthaya, kingdom, rattanakosin, kingdom, various, dynasties, vietnam, mainly, during, 18th, 19th, centuries, several, wars, took, place, modern, cambodia, thailand, vietnam, during,. The Siamese Vietnamese wars were a series of armed conflicts between the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom and the various dynasties of Vietnam mainly during the 18th and 19th centuries Several of the wars took place in modern day Cambodia Map of Thailand and Vietnam during the Chakri Nguyễn wars The political dynastic and military decline of the Khmer Empire after the 15th century known as the Post Angkor Period left a power vacuum in the Mekong floodplains of central Indochina United under strong dynastic rule both Siam to the west and Vietnam to the east sought to achieve hegemony in the lowland region and the Lao mountains The Siamese introduced and Vietnam soon followed the hostage system for Cambodian royals who were relocated to their courts actively undermining royal affairs and shaping future Cambodian policies a Eventually territory was annexed by both powers who conceived maintained and supported their favorable Cambodian puppet kings Actual combat mainly took place on Cambodian territory or on occupied lands The 19th century establishment of French Indochina put an end to Vietnamese sovereignty and to Siamese policies of regional expansion Subsequent clashes of the two countries were not caused by regional rivalry but must be viewed in the context of the 20th century imperial policies of foreign great powers and the Cold War 2 3 b Contents 1 Prelude 2 List of Siamese Vietnamese wars 3 See also 4 Notes 5 Citations 6 ReferencesPrelude EditThe roots of the conflict started at the beginning of the 14th century when Tai people busily expanded their states and came to clash with established Vietnamese state in the east During the latter centuries as the Vietnamese expanding southward to the lower Mekong they came to conflict with Cambodia and the Siamese state 5 List of Siamese Vietnamese wars EditNo Name Results Notes1 Siamese Vietnamese War 1313 6 Vietnamese victory The Kingdom of Sukhothai attacked Kingdom of Champa a vassal state of kingdom of Đại Việt from the mountains but was repulsed 2 Siamese Vietnamese War 1717 7 8 Siamese victory Two large Siamese forces invade Cambodia in an effort to help Prea Srey Thomea regain the throne One Siamese army is badly beaten by the Cambodians and their Vietnamese allies at the Battle of Bantea Meas The Second Siamese army captures the Cambodian capital of Udong where the Vietnamese supported Cambodian king switches allegiance to Siam Vietnam loses the suzerainty of Cambodia but annexes several border provinces of Cambodia 3 Siamese Vietnamese War 1771 1773 2 7 Siamese victory In 1769 King Taksin of Siam invaded and occupied portions of Cambodia The following year a proxy war between Vietnam and Siam erupted in Cambodia when the Nguyễn Lords responded by attacking Siamese cities At the outset of the war Taksin advanced through Cambodia and placed Ang Non II on the Cambodian throne The Vietnamese responded by recapturing the Cambodian capital and installing Outey II as their preferred monarch In 1773 the Vietnamese made peace with the Siamese in order to deal with the Tay Sơn rebellion which was a result of the war with Siam Two years later Ang Non II was proclaimed the ruler of Cambodia 4 Siamese Vietnamese War 1785 9 Vietnamese victory First Siamese invasion of Southern Vietnam Decisive victory of the Tay Sơn force5 Cambodian rebellion 1811 12 Vietnamese victory Vietnamese forces restore Ang Chan to the Cambodian throne6 Vietnamese intervention in Lao rebellion 1826 1828 10 Siamese victory Vietnamese supported Anouvong to revolt against Siam but failed7 Le Văn Khoi revolt 1833 1835 11 and Siamese Vietnamese War 1831 1834 Vietnamese victory Second Siamese invasion of Southern Vietnam Siam supports the revolt Vietnamese defensive victory invasion of Cambodia8 Cambodian rebellion 1840 Siamese victory The Siamese installed Ang Duong on the Cambodian throne8 Siamese Vietnamese War 1841 1845 3 Draw Siamese and Vietnamese incursions in Cambodia Cambodia becomes vassals of both Siam and Vietnam9 Franco Siamese War 1893 Vietnam as part of French Indochina French Vietnamese victory French invasion of Laos Laos becomes part of French Indochina10 Franco Thai War 1940 41 Vietnam as part of French Indochina Indecisive Thai invasion of French Indochina Disputed territories given to Thailand by Japan11 Thai intervention to Vietnam North Vietnamese victory Thai involvement as part of the allies Fall of Saigon12 Vietnamese border raids in Thailand Thailand victory Withdrawal of Vietnamese troops from the border in 1989See also EditBurmese Siamese wars History of the Cham Vietnamese wars Nam tiến History of Thailand History of Vietnam Military history of Thailand Military history of Vietnam Thailand Vietnam relationsNotes Edit At the time of the invasion one group of the royal family the reigning king and two or more princes escaped and eventually found refuge in Laos while another group the king s brother and his sons were taken as hostages to Ayutthaya 1 Laos and Cambodia had been Siamese vassal states since Ayudhya times 4 Citations Edit Vickery a b Kohn p 447 a b Schliesinger p 106 Franco Siamese War 1893 Zottoli p 80 Taylor p 144 a b Tucker p 13 Tucker 2009 p 722 Ku Boon Dar Wyatt pp 13Khmer Vietnamese war 1123 1150 32 Gilley p 517 References Edit Franco Siamese War 1893 GlobalSecurity Retrieved February 23 2019 Gilley Sheridan Young Frances Margaret Stanley Brian 2006 The Cambridge History of Christianity Volume 8 World Christianities C 1815 c 1914 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 81456 0 Kohn George Childs 1999 Dictionary of Wars Revised ed New York Facts On File Inc ISBN 0 8160 3928 3 Ku Boon Dar Tay Son Uprising 1771 1802 In Vietnam Mandated By Heaven Research Gate Retrieved 7 February 2019 Nguyen The Thuan June 5 2013 The Biggest War Between Southeast Asian Countries War of Dai Viet Lan Dang 1467 1480 Late Afternoon Nguyen The Thuan Retrieved 23 February 2019 Schliesinger Joachim January 2017 The Chong People A Pearic Speaking Group of Southeastern Thailand and Their Kin in the Region Booksmango ISBN 978 1 63323 988 3 K W Taylor 2013 A history of the Vietnamese Cambridge University Press Tucker Spencer C 1999 Vietnam University Press of Kentucky p 13 ISBN 978 0 8131 2858 0 Tucker Spencer C 2009 A Global Chronology of Conflict From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East ABC CLIO ISBN 9781851096725 Vickery Michael 1996 Mak Phœun Histoire du Cambodge de la fin du XVIe au debut du XVIIIe siecle PDF Persee Michael Vickery Retrieved 23 February 2019 Wyatt David K 1963 Siam and Laos 1767 1827 Journal of Southeast Asian History Jstor 4 2 13 32 doi 10 1017 S0217781100002787 JSTOR 20067439 Zottoli Brian A Reconceptualizing Southern Vietnamese History from the 15th to 18th Centuries Competition along the Coasts from Guangdong to Cambodia PDF University of Michigan Retrieved 23 February 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Siamese Vietnamese wars amp oldid 1152343793, 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