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Sia (title)

January 01, 1970

Sia (Chinese: 舍; pinyin: Shè; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sià; Javanese: Sio[1]) was a hereditary, noble title of Chinese origin, used mostly in colonial Indonesia.[2][3][4] It was borne by the descendants of Chinese officers, who were high-ranking, Chinese civil bureaucrats in the Dutch colonial government, bearing the ranks of Majoor, Kapitein or Luitenant der Chinezen (see: Kapitan Cina).

The late colonial statesman Kan Hok Hoei Sia (first row, second from left) with other members of the Volksraad. A Sia, Kan was descended from Han Bwee Kong, the first Dutch-appointed Kapitein der Chinese of Surabaya.

History edit

Further information: Cabang Atas

As with other Chinese honorifics, the title 'Sia' came at the end of the title holder's name: for example, as in Oey Tamba Sia (1827–1856).[5] The title was used not with its holder's surname, but with his given name, so Tamba Sia instead of Oey Sia.[5] In everyday speech, use of the title was often combined with other honorifics, such as Ako Sia ('elder brother Sia') or Baba Sia ('sir Sia').[5][4]

Originally, the honorific was used in Imperial China to address certain senior mandarins, the relatives of a mandarin or descendants of the House of Koxinga, formerly the ruling dynasty of the Kingdom of Tungning.[4] In colonial Indonesia, the honorific came to be used as a hereditary title for the descendants of Chinese officers, who were seen as the colonial Indonesian equivalent of the Chinese mandarinate and scholar-gentry.[2]

These title holders and their families constituted the so-called Cabang Atas, the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia.[6][7] As a class, they dominated the administrative posts of Majoor, Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen, or the Chinese officership on a near-hereditary basis.[2][7] To a significant extent, they also monopolised the colonial government's lucrative revenue farms, which formed the economic backbone of their political influence.[8][7] To preserve and consolidate their power, families of the Cabang Atas contracted extensive, strategic intermarriages within their social group.[9]

In the later colonial period, it became fashionable among western-educated title holders to refrain from using the title 'Sia', which was seen as an old-fashioned anachronism.[10] This mirrored the decline in the importance of the Chinese officership as a government institution in the early twentieth century, which presaged its eventual abolition in most of the Dutch East Indies with the exception of the colonial capital, Batavia.[8][10] Indeed, as pointed out by Monique Erkelens, the prestige of the traditional elite declined in the early twentieth century due to changing political and ideological circumstances in late colonial Indonesia and early twentieth-century Asia.[10]

Title holders edit

 
An engraving of Oey Tamba Sia (after M. G. de Coudray, 1857)

As part of the Cabang Atas, Sias played an important role in the history of Indonesia, particularly in relation to the country's ethnic Chinese community.

Prominent Sias include:

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Berdoeri, Tjamboek; Anderson, Benedict Richard O'Gorman (2004). Indonesia dalem api dan bara (in Indonesian). Elkasa. ISBN 978-979-98367-1-7. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Blussâe, Lâeonard; Chen, Menghong; Myra Sidharta (2003). The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia. Amsterdam: BRILL. ISBN 9004131574. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  3. ^ Benedanto, Pax; A. S., Marcus (2002). Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Adikarya IKAPI dan the Ford Foundation. ISBN 9789799023360. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b c "Min Hakka Language Archives". Min Hakka Language Archives. Academic Sinica. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Phoa, Kian Sioe (1956). Sedjarahnja Souw Beng Kong: (tangan-kanannja G.G. Jan Pieterszoon Coen), Phoa Beng Gan (achli pengairan dalam tahun 1648), Oey Tamba Sia (hartawan mati ditiang penggantungan) (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Reporter. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  6. ^ Liem, Thian Joe (2004). Riwayat Semarang (in Indonesian). Hasta Wahana. ISBN 9789799695215. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Rush, James R. (2007). Opium to Java: Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia, 1860–1910. Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9789793780498. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  8. ^ a b Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837–1942: A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society. Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 9789794282571. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  9. ^ Haryono, Steve (2017). Perkawinan Strategis: Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir-opsir Tionghoa Dan 'Cabang Atas' Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke-19 Dan 20. Rotterdam: Steve Haryono. ISBN 9789090302492. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  10. ^ a b c Erkelens, Monique (2013). The decline of the Chinese Council of Batavia: the loss of prestige and authority of the traditional elite amongst the Chinese community from the end of the nineteenth century until 1942. Leiden: Leiden University. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  11. ^ Broeze, F. J. A. (1979). "The Merchant Fleet of Java (1820–1850). A Preliminary Survey". Archipel. 18 (1): 251–269. doi:10.3406/arch.1979.1514. Retrieved 27 March 2019.

January 01, 1970
title, chinese, pinyin, shè, sià, javanese, hereditary, noble, title, chinese, origin, used, mostly, colonial, indonesia, borne, descendants, chinese, officers, were, high, ranking, chinese, civil, bureaucrats, dutch, colonial, government, bearing, ranks, majo. Sia Chinese 舍 pinyin She Pe h ōe ji Sia Javanese Sio 1 was a hereditary noble title of Chinese origin used mostly in colonial Indonesia 2 3 4 It was borne by the descendants of Chinese officers who were high ranking Chinese civil bureaucrats in the Dutch colonial government bearing the ranks of Majoor Kapitein or Luitenant der Chinezen see Kapitan Cina The late colonial statesman Kan Hok Hoei Sia first row second from left with other members of the Volksraad A Sia Kan was descended from Han Bwee Kong the first Dutch appointed Kapitein der Chinese of Surabaya Contents 1 History 2 Title holders 3 See also 4 NotesHistory editFurther information Cabang Atas As with other Chinese honorifics the title Sia came at the end of the title holder s name for example as in Oey Tamba Sia 1827 1856 5 The title was used not with its holder s surname but with his given name so Tamba Sia instead of Oey Sia 5 In everyday speech use of the title was often combined with other honorifics such as Ako Sia elder brother Sia or Baba Sia sir Sia 5 4 Originally the honorific was used in Imperial China to address certain senior mandarins the relatives of a mandarin or descendants of the House of Koxinga formerly the ruling dynasty of the Kingdom of Tungning 4 In colonial Indonesia the honorific came to be used as a hereditary title for the descendants of Chinese officers who were seen as the colonial Indonesian equivalent of the Chinese mandarinate and scholar gentry 2 These title holders and their families constituted the so called Cabang Atas the traditional Chinese establishment or gentry of colonial Indonesia 6 7 As a class they dominated the administrative posts of Majoor Kapitein and Luitenant der Chinezen or the Chinese officership on a near hereditary basis 2 7 To a significant extent they also monopolised the colonial government s lucrative revenue farms which formed the economic backbone of their political influence 8 7 To preserve and consolidate their power families of the Cabang Atas contracted extensive strategic intermarriages within their social group 9 In the later colonial period it became fashionable among western educated title holders to refrain from using the title Sia which was seen as an old fashioned anachronism 10 This mirrored the decline in the importance of the Chinese officership as a government institution in the early twentieth century which presaged its eventual abolition in most of the Dutch East Indies with the exception of the colonial capital Batavia 8 10 Indeed as pointed out by Monique Erkelens the prestige of the traditional elite declined in the early twentieth century due to changing political and ideological circumstances in late colonial Indonesia and early twentieth century Asia 10 Title holders edit nbsp An engraving of Oey Tamba Sia after M G de Coudray 1857 As part of the Cabang Atas Sias played an important role in the history of Indonesia particularly in relation to the country s ethnic Chinese community Prominent Sias include Han Chan Piet Majoor der Chinezen 1759 1827 government official and landlord Han Kik Ko Majoor der Chinezen Regent of Probolinggo 1766 1813 government official and landlord Lim Ke Tjang Kapitein der Chinezen of Tegal 1781 1826 official shipping and sugar magnate 11 Tan Eng Goan 1st Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia 1802 1872 Oey Tamba Sia 1827 1856 notorious Batavia playboy Lie Tjoe Hong 3rd Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia 1846 1896 Phoa Keng Hek Sia 1857 1937 social reformer and philanthropist O G Khouw 1874 1927 philanthropist Khouw Kim An last Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia 1875 1945 government bureaucrat H H Kan 1881 1951 politician parliamentarian Loa Sek Hie 1898 1965 politician parliamentarian social worker Kwee Thiam Tjing 1900 1974 writer journalist and left wing political activist Phoa Liong Gie 1904 1983 newspaper publisher politician parliamentarianSee also editKapitan Cina Cabang Atas Kong Koan amp Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan Scholar gentry and landed gentry in China Chinese honorifics The House of KoxingaNotes edit Berdoeri Tjamboek Anderson Benedict Richard O Gorman 2004 Indonesia dalem api dan bara in Indonesian Elkasa ISBN 978 979 98367 1 7 Retrieved 25 April 2020 a b c Blussae Laeonard Chen Menghong Myra Sidharta 2003 The Archives of the Kong Koan of Batavia Amsterdam BRILL ISBN 9004131574 Retrieved 9 May 2017 Benedanto Pax A S Marcus 2002 Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa in Indonesian Jakarta Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Adikarya IKAPI dan the Ford Foundation ISBN 9789799023360 Retrieved 9 May 2017 a b c Min Hakka Language Archives Min Hakka Language Archives Academic Sinica Retrieved 3 November 2018 a b c Phoa Kian Sioe 1956 Sedjarahnja Souw Beng Kong tangan kanannja G G Jan Pieterszoon Coen Phoa Beng Gan achli pengairan dalam tahun 1648 Oey Tamba Sia hartawan mati ditiang penggantungan in Indonesian Jakarta Reporter Retrieved 3 November 2018 Liem Thian Joe 2004 Riwayat Semarang in Indonesian Hasta Wahana ISBN 9789799695215 Retrieved 19 July 2018 a b c Rush James R 2007 Opium to Java Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia 1860 1910 Equinox Publishing ISBN 9789793780498 Retrieved 19 July 2018 a b Lohanda Mona 1996 The Kapitan Cina of Batavia 1837 1942 A History of Chinese Establishment in Colonial Society Jakarta Djambatan ISBN 9789794282571 Retrieved 9 May 2017 Haryono Steve 2017 Perkawinan Strategis Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir opsir Tionghoa Dan Cabang Atas Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke 19 Dan 20 Rotterdam Steve Haryono ISBN 9789090302492 Retrieved 19 July 2018 a b c Erkelens Monique 2013 The decline of the Chinese Council of Batavia the loss of prestige and authority of the traditional elite amongst the Chinese community from the end of the nineteenth century until 1942 Leiden Leiden University Retrieved 9 May 2017 Broeze F J A 1979 The Merchant Fleet of Java 1820 1850 A Preliminary Survey Archipel 18 1 251 269 doi 10 3406 arch 1979 1514 Retrieved 27 March 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sia title amp oldid 1200675961, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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