fbpx
Wikipedia

Hok Hoei Kan

December 15, 2023

Kan Hok Hoei Sia (Chinese: 簡福輝舍; pinyin: Jiǎn Fúhuī Shè; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kán Hok-hui Sià; 6 January 1881 - 1 March 1951), generally known as Hok Hoei Kan or in short H. H. Kan, was a prominent public figure, statesman and patrician landowner of Peranakan Chinese descent in the Dutch East Indies (today known as Indonesia).[1][2][3][4]

Hok Hoei Kan
H. H. Kan
Born6 January 1881 (1881-01-06)
Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Died1 March 1951(1951-03-01) (aged 70)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Occupation(s)politician, parliamentarian, community leader, landowner
SpouseLie Tien Nio
Children8 children
Parents
Family
Awards

He was the founding president of Chung Hwa Hui (CHH), a Chinese-Indonesian political party, and sat as its leading parliamentary representative in the Volksraad.[2][5][6] He advocated cooperation with the Dutch colonial authorities in order to attain racial and legal equality for the colony's Chinese community, but was criticised for his pro-Dutch sentiments and perceived elite indifference to poorer Indonesians.[2][6][4]

Family and early life edit

Kan was born Han Khing Tjiang Sia in Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies, into the heart of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of Java.[7] His father, Han Oen Lee (1856—1893), served as Luitenant der Chinezen of Bekasi, an important administrative post in the colonial bureaucracy, and hailed from one of the oldest and most storied of Java's Chinese lineages, the Han family of Lasem.[8][9] Through his father, Kan could trace his ancestry in Java back to Han Khee Bing, Luitenant der Chinezen (1749 – 1768), the eldest son of the mid-18th century magnate Han Bwee Kong, Kapitein der Chinezen (1727 – 1778), and grandson of the founder of the family, Han Siong Kong (1673-1743).[8] As a descendant of a long line of Chinese officers, Kan held the hereditary title of Sia from birth.[7]

 
H. H. Kan (1881—1951) and his family

His mother, Kan Oe Nio (1850—1910), was one of Batavia's richest heiresses, and daughter of the well-known tycoon and landlord, Kan Keng Tjong (1797—1871), who was elevated by the Chinese Imperial Government to the rank of mandarin of the third grade.[7] Han Khing Tjiang Sia was adopted by his childless uncle, Kan Tjeng Soen (1855—1896), and renamed Kan Hok Hoei Sia, and thus became the principal heir of the name and fortune of his maternal grandfather.[9] His adoptive mother and aunt, Khouw Tjoei Nio (1854—1944), was a daughter of Khouw Tjeng Tjoan, Luitenant der Chinezen (1808—1880) and an elder sister of Khouw Kim An (1875—1945), the 5th Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia.[7]

Kan had a thoroughly European upbringing, and was schooled at the Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) and the prestigious Koning Willem III School te Batavia (KW III).[2] In addition to his native Malay and fluent Dutch, he was reputed to be conversant in seven other European languages.[3]

In 1899, he married his first cousin, Lie Tien Nio (1885—1944), daughter of Lie Tjoe Hong (1846—1896), the 3rd Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia, and — like her husband — a grandchild of Kan Keng Tjong.[7][9] His wife belonged to the well-connected and influential Lie family of Pasilian.[7] Through his wife, Kan became a brother-in-law of the public administrator Lie Tjian Tjoen, Kapitein der Chinezen and of the latter's wife, the philanthropist and anti-human trafficking activist Aw Tjoei Lan (1889—1965).[7] Kan and his wife had 8 children.[7][9][10]

Kan applied and obtained legal equality with Europeans (gelijkgestelling) in 1905, after which he was universally known as Hok Hoei Kan or H. H. Kan.[9]

Political career edit

 
A session of the Volksraad.

His political career began in the Municipal Council of Batavia and a number of Chinese chambers of commerce (Siang Hwee).[3][11] When the Volksraad, Indonesia's first legislature, was convened by the Governor-General for the first time, Kan accepted appointment to the newly founded legislative body in 1918.[2][3][4] He did so despite widespread opposition to the colonial parliament from many Chinese and indigenous subjects of the Dutch East Indies, many of whom refused to cooperate with the colonial government and campaigned for outright independence.[5][4] Kan remained a member of the Volksraad until its dissolution by the Japanese, who invaded the colony in 1942 during the Second World War.[3]

In 1928, Kan presided — as founding President — over the formation of Chung Hwa Hui (CHH), a political association that attracted the support of mainly Dutch-educated ethnic Chinese.[5][3][6][4] Together with the likes of his distant cousin, Han Tiauw Tjong, and Loa Sek Hie, who were both on the Executive Committee of CHH, Kan pleaded for legal equality of the Chinese with Europeans under Indies law.[5][4] Kan also opposed some of the legal disabilities that had been imposed on the Chinese of the colony, such as limitations on ownership of agricultural land and excessive taxation.[5][4] Nonetheless, CHH was dubbed the 'Packard club' by the colonial press for the expensive cars used by the party's leadership, and was criticised as too elitist and removed from the day-to-day concerns of other Chinese-Indonesians.[5][6][4]

Kan's relationship with Indonesian nationalists was also ambiguous.[2][5] In 1927, Kan voted against expanding the franchise for elections to the Volksraad as he feared domination of the legislature by indigenous Indonesians.[2] His pro-Dutch attitude even drew the criticism of Phoa Liong Gie, a leader of CHH's more liberal and pro-nationalist younger faction.[2][5] Following an open conflict over Kan's apparent dominance of CHH, Phoa resigned from the party and sat as an independent in the Volksraad when eventually appointed to it in 1939.[2][5] Notwithstanding supposed pro-Dutch sympathies, Kan supported the ill-fated Soetardjo Petition in 1936, which requested Indonesian Independence within ten years as part of a Dutch commonwealth.[2][5]

In 1932, representing Chinese-Indonesian private enterprises, Kan went on a tour of China, and became close to the Chinese Consul-General to the Dutch East Indies.[11] In 1934, the colony's Chinese chambers of commerce federated, and offered the Consul-General the position of honorary president, and Kan that of inaugural president.[11] This drew the ire of the then Governor-General due to the federated group's perceived closeness to the Republic of China, a foreign power, leading to Kan's resignation of his presidency of the chamber.[11] In 1935, Kan went to the Netherlands to promote better relations between the Chinese-Indonesian community and the Dutch authorities.[11]

 
H. H. Kan portrait, 1941

Kan was made an Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1921, and a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 1930 in recognition of his service to the Dutch Crown.[3]

Japanese occupation and death edit

When the Japanese invaded Java in 1942, they apprehended Kan along with other leaders of the colonial government due to their anti-Japanese activities.[3] Kan was imprisoned in Tjimahi until the Japanese capitulated in 1945.[3][10]

He did not resume political activities after the Second World War, and died at his residence on Jalan Teuku Umar in Menteng in 1951.[3][10]

Ancestry edit

[12]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Tempo (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Usaha Jaya Press Jajasan Jaya Raya. 1985. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (1997). Political Thinking of the Indonesian Chinese, 1900-1995: A Sourcebook. Singapore: NUS Press. ISBN 9789971692018. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Setyautama, Sam (2008). Tokoh-tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. ISBN 9789799101259. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Suryadinata, Leo (2012). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume I & II. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814345217. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lohanda, Mona (2002). Growing pains: the Chinese and the Dutch in colonial Java, 1890-1942. Jakarta: Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka. ISBN 9789799722904. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Dieleman, Marleen; Koning, Juliette; Post, Peter (2010). Chinese Indonesians and Regime Change. Amsterdam: BRILL. ISBN 9789004191211. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Haryono, Steve (2017). Perkawinan Strategis: Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir-opsir Tionghoa Dan 'Cabang Atas' Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke-19 Dan 20. Steve Haryono. ISBN 9789090302492. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  8. ^ a b Salmon, Claudine (1991). "The Han Family of East Java. Entrepreneurship and Politics (18th-19th Centuries)". Archipel. 41 (1): 53–87. doi:10.3406/arch.1991.2711. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d e "13. Han Oen Lee's widow and her three children". Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center. Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  10. ^ a b c "16. H.H. Kan's last home: Teuku Umar 15, Jakarta". Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center. Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d e Suryadinata, Leo (2015). Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches (4th ed.). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789814620505. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  12. ^ "Kan Han Tan". www.kanhantan.nl. Leiden University. Retrieved 23 November 2019.

References edit

  • Haris, Syamsuddin (2007). Partai dan Parlemen Lokal Era Transisi Demokrasi di Indonesia: Studi Kinerja Partai-Partai di DPRD Kabupaten/Kota. TransMedia. ISBN 978-9797990527.
  • Lohanda, Mona (2002). Growing Pains: The Chinese and The Dutch in Colonial Java, 1890-1942. Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.
  • Salmon, Claudine (1991). The Han Family of East Java. Entrepreneurship and Politics (18th-19th Centuries). Archipel, Vol 41.
  • Salmon, Claudine (1997). La communauté chinoise de Surabaya. Essai d'histoire, des origines à la crise de 1930. Archipel, Vol 68.
  • Salmon, Claudine (2004). The Han Family from the Residency of Besuki (East Java) as Reflected in a Novella by Tjoa Boe Sing (1910). Archipel, Vol 53.
  • Suryadinate, Leo (1995). Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9813055030.
  • Suryadinata, Leo (2005). Peranakan Chinese Politics in Java, 1917-1942. Marshall Cavendish Academic. ISBN 9812103600.
  • Suryadinate, Leo (2012). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-9814345217.

December 15, 2023
hoei, hoei, chinese, 簡福輝舍, pinyin, jiǎn, fúhuī, shè, kán, sià, january, 1881, march, 1951, generally, known, short, prominent, public, figure, statesman, patrician, landowner, peranakan, chinese, descent, dutch, east, indies, today, known, indonesia, kanborn6,. Kan Hok Hoei Sia Chinese 簡福輝舍 pinyin Jiǎn Fuhui She Pe h ōe ji Kan Hok hui Sia 6 January 1881 1 March 1951 generally known as Hok Hoei Kan or in short H H Kan was a prominent public figure statesman and patrician landowner of Peranakan Chinese descent in the Dutch East Indies today known as Indonesia 1 2 3 4 Hok Hoei KanH H KanBorn6 January 1881 1881 01 06 Batavia Dutch East IndiesDied1 March 1951 1951 03 01 aged 70 Jakarta IndonesiaOccupation s politician parliamentarian community leader landownerSpouseLie Tien NioChildren8 childrenParentsHan Oen Lee Luitenant der Chinezen father Kan Oe Nio mother FamilyKan Keng Tjong grandfather Lie Tjoe Hong Majoor der Chinezen father in law Aw Tjoei Lan sister in law AwardsKnight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Officer of the Order of Orange NassauHe was the founding president of Chung Hwa Hui CHH a Chinese Indonesian political party and sat as its leading parliamentary representative in the Volksraad 2 5 6 He advocated cooperation with the Dutch colonial authorities in order to attain racial and legal equality for the colony s Chinese community but was criticised for his pro Dutch sentiments and perceived elite indifference to poorer Indonesians 2 6 4 Contents 1 Family and early life 2 Political career 3 Japanese occupation and death 4 Ancestry 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesFamily and early life editKan was born Han Khing Tjiang Sia in Batavia capital of the Dutch East Indies into the heart of the Cabang Atas or the Chinese gentry of Java 7 His father Han Oen Lee 1856 1893 served as Luitenant der Chinezen of Bekasi an important administrative post in the colonial bureaucracy and hailed from one of the oldest and most storied of Java s Chinese lineages the Han family of Lasem 8 9 Through his father Kan could trace his ancestry in Java back to Han Khee Bing Luitenant der Chinezen 1749 1768 the eldest son of the mid 18th century magnate Han Bwee Kong Kapitein der Chinezen 1727 1778 and grandson of the founder of the family Han Siong Kong 1673 1743 8 As a descendant of a long line of Chinese officers Kan held the hereditary title of Sia from birth 7 nbsp H H Kan 1881 1951 and his familyHis mother Kan Oe Nio 1850 1910 was one of Batavia s richest heiresses and daughter of the well known tycoon and landlord Kan Keng Tjong 1797 1871 who was elevated by the Chinese Imperial Government to the rank of mandarin of the third grade 7 Han Khing Tjiang Sia was adopted by his childless uncle Kan Tjeng Soen 1855 1896 and renamed Kan Hok Hoei Sia and thus became the principal heir of the name and fortune of his maternal grandfather 9 His adoptive mother and aunt Khouw Tjoei Nio 1854 1944 was a daughter of Khouw Tjeng Tjoan Luitenant der Chinezen 1808 1880 and an elder sister of Khouw Kim An 1875 1945 the 5th Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia 7 Kan had a thoroughly European upbringing and was schooled at the Europeesche Lagere School ELS and the prestigious Koning Willem III School te Batavia KW III 2 In addition to his native Malay and fluent Dutch he was reputed to be conversant in seven other European languages 3 In 1899 he married his first cousin Lie Tien Nio 1885 1944 daughter of Lie Tjoe Hong 1846 1896 the 3rd Majoor der Chinezen of Batavia and like her husband a grandchild of Kan Keng Tjong 7 9 His wife belonged to the well connected and influential Lie family of Pasilian 7 Through his wife Kan became a brother in law of the public administrator Lie Tjian Tjoen Kapitein der Chinezen and of the latter s wife the philanthropist and anti human trafficking activist Aw Tjoei Lan 1889 1965 7 Kan and his wife had 8 children 7 9 10 Kan applied and obtained legal equality with Europeans gelijkgestelling in 1905 after which he was universally known as Hok Hoei Kan or H H Kan 9 Political career edit nbsp A session of the Volksraad His political career began in the Municipal Council of Batavia and a number of Chinese chambers of commerce Siang Hwee 3 11 When the Volksraad Indonesia s first legislature was convened by the Governor General for the first time Kan accepted appointment to the newly founded legislative body in 1918 2 3 4 He did so despite widespread opposition to the colonial parliament from many Chinese and indigenous subjects of the Dutch East Indies many of whom refused to cooperate with the colonial government and campaigned for outright independence 5 4 Kan remained a member of the Volksraad until its dissolution by the Japanese who invaded the colony in 1942 during the Second World War 3 In 1928 Kan presided as founding President over the formation of Chung Hwa Hui CHH a political association that attracted the support of mainly Dutch educated ethnic Chinese 5 3 6 4 Together with the likes of his distant cousin Han Tiauw Tjong and Loa Sek Hie who were both on the Executive Committee of CHH Kan pleaded for legal equality of the Chinese with Europeans under Indies law 5 4 Kan also opposed some of the legal disabilities that had been imposed on the Chinese of the colony such as limitations on ownership of agricultural land and excessive taxation 5 4 Nonetheless CHH was dubbed the Packard club by the colonial press for the expensive cars used by the party s leadership and was criticised as too elitist and removed from the day to day concerns of other Chinese Indonesians 5 6 4 Kan s relationship with Indonesian nationalists was also ambiguous 2 5 In 1927 Kan voted against expanding the franchise for elections to the Volksraad as he feared domination of the legislature by indigenous Indonesians 2 His pro Dutch attitude even drew the criticism of Phoa Liong Gie a leader of CHH s more liberal and pro nationalist younger faction 2 5 Following an open conflict over Kan s apparent dominance of CHH Phoa resigned from the party and sat as an independent in the Volksraad when eventually appointed to it in 1939 2 5 Notwithstanding supposed pro Dutch sympathies Kan supported the ill fated Soetardjo Petition in 1936 which requested Indonesian Independence within ten years as part of a Dutch commonwealth 2 5 In 1932 representing Chinese Indonesian private enterprises Kan went on a tour of China and became close to the Chinese Consul General to the Dutch East Indies 11 In 1934 the colony s Chinese chambers of commerce federated and offered the Consul General the position of honorary president and Kan that of inaugural president 11 This drew the ire of the then Governor General due to the federated group s perceived closeness to the Republic of China a foreign power leading to Kan s resignation of his presidency of the chamber 11 In 1935 Kan went to the Netherlands to promote better relations between the Chinese Indonesian community and the Dutch authorities 11 nbsp H H Kan portrait 1941Kan was made an Officer of the Order of Orange Nassau in 1921 and a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 1930 in recognition of his service to the Dutch Crown 3 Japanese occupation and death editWhen the Japanese invaded Java in 1942 they apprehended Kan along with other leaders of the colonial government due to their anti Japanese activities 3 Kan was imprisoned in Tjimahi until the Japanese capitulated in 1945 3 10 He did not resume political activities after the Second World War and died at his residence on Jalan Teuku Umar in Menteng in 1951 3 10 Ancestry edit 12 Ancestors of Hok Hoei Kan16 Han Soe Sik Luitenant Kapitein der Chinezen 1767 1827 8 Han Tiauw Kie Luitenant der Chinezen 1790 1871 17 Nj Luitenant Kapitein Han Soe Sik nee Liem Tjien Bok 1769 1842 4 Han Tjoei Hing Sia d 1882 9 Nj Luitenant Han Tiauw Kie nee Yap 1798 1841 2 Han Oen Lee Luitenant der Chinezen 1856 1893 5 Nj Han Tjoei Hing Sia1 H H Kan12 Kan Yeo Soen6 Kan Keng Tjong Mandarin of the third rank 1797 1871 13 Nj Kan Yeo Soen3 Kan Oe Nio 1850 1910 7 Jo Heng Nio 1827 1900 See also editThe Han family of Lasem his paternal family Volksraad the first legislature in colonial Indonesia Han Tiauw Tjong his cousin fellow parliamentarian and co founder of CHH Loa Sek Hie fellow parliamentarian and co founder of CHH Phoa Liong Gie fellow parliamentarian member of Chung Hua Hui and political rival Lie Tjoe Hong 3rd Majoor der Chinezen father in law Han Oen Lee Luitenant der Chinezen father Kan Keng Tjong grandfather Aw Tjoei Lan sister in lawNotes edit Tempo in Indonesian Jakarta Badan Usaha Jaya Press Jajasan Jaya Raya 1985 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c d e f g h i j Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 1997 Political Thinking of the Indonesian Chinese 1900 1995 A Sourcebook Singapore NUS Press ISBN 9789971692018 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c d e f g h i j Setyautama Sam 2008 Tokoh tokoh etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia in Indonesian Jakarta Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia ISBN 9789799101259 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c d e f g h Suryadinata Leo 2012 Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent A Biographical Dictionary Volume I amp II Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 9789814345217 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c d e f g h i j Lohanda Mona 2002 Growing pains the Chinese and the Dutch in colonial Java 1890 1942 Jakarta Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka ISBN 9789799722904 Retrieved 9 January 2017 a b c d Dieleman Marleen Koning Juliette Post Peter 2010 Chinese Indonesians and Regime Change Amsterdam BRILL ISBN 9789004191211 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c d e f g h Haryono Steve 2017 Perkawinan Strategis Hubungan Keluarga Antara Opsir opsir Tionghoa Dan Cabang Atas Di Jawa Pada Abad Ke 19 Dan 20 Steve Haryono ISBN 9789090302492 Retrieved 25 May 2019 a b Salmon Claudine 1991 The Han Family of East Java Entrepreneurship and Politics 18th 19th Centuries Archipel 41 1 53 87 doi 10 3406 arch 1991 2711 Retrieved 11 March 2016 a b c d e 13 Han Oen Lee s widow and her three children Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center 22 May 2017 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c 16 H H Kan s last home Teuku Umar 15 Jakarta Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center Chinese Indonesian Heritage Center 22 May 2017 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b c d e Suryadinata Leo 2015 Prominent Indonesian Chinese Biographical Sketches 4th ed Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 9789814620505 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Kan Han Tan www kanhantan nl Leiden University Retrieved 23 November 2019 References editHaris Syamsuddin 2007 Partai dan Parlemen Lokal Era Transisi Demokrasi di Indonesia Studi Kinerja Partai Partai di DPRD Kabupaten Kota TransMedia ISBN 978 9797990527 Lohanda Mona 2002 Growing Pains The Chinese and The Dutch in Colonial Java 1890 1942 Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka Salmon Claudine 1991 The Han Family of East Java Entrepreneurship and Politics 18th 19th Centuries Archipel Vol 41 Salmon Claudine 1997 La communaute chinoise de Surabaya Essai d histoire des origines a la crise de 1930 Archipel Vol 68 Salmon Claudine 2004 The Han Family from the Residency of Besuki East Java as Reflected in a Novella by Tjoa Boe Sing 1910 Archipel Vol 53 Suryadinate Leo 1995 Prominent Indonesian Chinese Biographical Sketches Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 9813055030 Suryadinata Leo 2005 Peranakan Chinese Politics in Java 1917 1942 Marshall Cavendish Academic ISBN 9812103600 Suryadinate Leo 2012 Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent A Biographical Dictionary Institute of Southeast Asian Studies ISBN 978 9814345217 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hok Hoei Kan amp oldid 1158218376, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.