Shu-turul (Shu-durul, πππ, shu-tur2-ul3)[1][2] was the last king of the Akkadian Empire, ruling for 15 years according to the Sumerian king list.[3] It indicates that he succeeded his father Dudu. A few artifacts, seal impressions etc. attest that he held sway over a greatly reduced Akkadian territory that included Kish, Tutub, Nippur, and Eshnunna. The Diyala river also bore the name "Shu-durul" at the time.[4]
The king list asserts that Akkad was then conquered, and the hegemony returned to Uruk following his reign.[5] It further lists six names of an Uruk dynasty; however only two of these six rulers, Ur-nigin, and Ur-gigir, have been confirmed through archaeology. With Akkad's collapse the Gutians, who had established their capital at Adab, became the regional power, though several of the southern city-states such as Uruk, Ur and Lagash also declared independence around this time.[6]
InscriptionsEdit
A few inscriptions in his name are known.[7][8] One, on an administrative clay sealing found at Kish reads:
A clay sealing of Shu-turl was found at Nippur.[10] Another reading "[S]u-Turul, the [m]ighty, [ki]ng of [Aga]de: ... [(is) his servant]." was found at Tell Asmar.[7]
A votive mace, made of dark green marble,[11][12] is also known with an inscription mentioning Shu-turul and the dedication of a temple to Nergal:
Votive mace of Shu-turul, with an inscription with his name on the flange. Room 56, display case 11, British Museum[13][12]
"To Nergal, for the life of Shu-turul king of Akkad, Laba-erishum the palace soothsayer has dedicated this"
ββMace of Shu-turul (British Museum, BM 114703)[14][2]
A seventeen centimeter long copper axe, acquired on the antiquities market, reads "Su-Turul, the mighty, king of Agade".[7]
A tablet found at Adab contains the year name "year when Shu-Durul assumed the kingdom".[15][16]
Duck-shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim-Marduk, Kassite, from Babylon. Ancient Orient Museum. The one at the urfa museum is in this same tradition of mesopotamian duck weights.
^ abGadd, C. J. (Cyril John) (1921). The early dynasties of Sumer and Akkad. London, Luzac & co. p.Β Plate III, BM 114703.
^Handbook To Life In Ancient Mesopotamia by Stephen Bertman
^Donald M. Matthews, The Early Glyptic of Tell Brak: Cylinder Seals of Third Millennium Syria 1997, p. 15.
^Who's Who in the Ancient Near East by Gwendolyn Leick
^M. Molina, "The palace of Adab during the Sargonic period", D. Wicke (ed.), Der Palast im antiken und islamischen Orient, Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 9, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 151-20, 2019
^ abcdDouglas R. Frayne, "Akkad", The Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334-2113), pp. 5-218, University of Toronto Press, 1993, ISBNΒ 0-8020-0593-4
^Gibson, McGuire, "A Re-Evaluation of the Akkad Period in the Diyala Region on the Basis of Recent Excavations at Nippur and in the Hamrin", American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 531β38, 1982
^ F. Pomponio, G. Visicato, A. Westenholz, Le tavolette cuneiformidi Adab delle collezioni della Banca dβItalia", Vol. I. Roma, 2006
^Kogan, L. and Markina, K., "R. Hasselbach. Sargonic Akkadian. A Historical and Comparative Study of the Syllabic Texts", Babel und Bibel 3: Annual of Ancient Near Eastern, Old Testament and Semitic Studies, edited by Leonid E. Kogan, Natalia Koslova, Sergey Loesov and Serguei Tishchenko, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 555-588, 2006
^T. Matney, "Urban planning and the archaeology of society at Early Bronze Age Titris Μ§HΓΆyΓΌk" In: D. C. Hopkins (Hrsg.), Across the Anatolian Plateau. Readings in the archaeology of ancient Turkey. The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 57, pp. 19β34, Boston, 2002
turul, durul, πππ, tur2, last, king, akkadian, empire, ruling, years, according, sumerian, king, list, indicates, that, succeeded, father, dudu, artifacts, seal, impressions, attest, that, held, sway, over, greatly, reduced, akkadian, territory, that, included. Shu turul Shu durul πππ shu tur2 ul3 1 2 was the last king of the Akkadian Empire ruling for 15 years according to the Sumerian king list 3 It indicates that he succeeded his father Dudu A few artifacts seal impressions etc attest that he held sway over a greatly reduced Akkadian territory that included Kish Tutub Nippur and Eshnunna The Diyala river also bore the name Shu durul at the time 4 Shu turulKing of AkkadThe name Shu turul πππ shu tur2 ul3 on the macehead inscription with transcription in standard Sumero Akkadian cuneiform King of the Akkadian EmpireReignc 2168 BC 2154 BCPredecessorDuduSuccessorGutian DynastyFatherDudu of Akkad Contents 1 Sumerian King List 2 Inscriptions 3 External links 4 SourcesSumerian King List EditThe king list asserts that Akkad was then conquered and the hegemony returned to Uruk following his reign 5 It further lists six names of an Uruk dynasty however only two of these six rulers Ur nigin and Ur gigir have been confirmed through archaeology With Akkad s collapse the Gutians who had established their capital at Adab became the regional power though several of the southern city states such as Uruk Ur and Lagash also declared independence around this time 6 Inscriptions EditA few inscriptions in his name are known 7 8 One on an administrative clay sealing found at Kish reads Su Turul the mighty king of Agade 9 7 A clay sealing of Shu turl was found at Nippur 10 Another reading S u Turul the m ighty ki ng of Aga de is his servant was found at Tell Asmar 7 A votive mace made of dark green marble 11 12 is also known with an inscription mentioning Shu turul and the dedication of a temple to Nergal nbsp Votive mace of Shu turul with an inscription with his name on the flange Room 56 display case 11 British Museum 13 12 ππΎ ππππ² ππΎ πΎππ πππ ππ· ππ΅ππ π·π π³ πΊπ π ππ¬π a na d ne3 iri11 gal a na na a3 si szu tur2 ul3 szar3 ri2 a ga de3 ki la ba a3 szum szabra e2 a mu ru To Nergal for the life of Shu turul king of Akkad Laba erishum the palace soothsayer has dedicated this Mace of Shu turul British Museum BM 114703 14 2 A seventeen centimeter long copper axe acquired on the antiquities market reads Su Turul the mighty king of Agade 7 A tablet found at Adab contains the year name year when Shu Durul assumed the kingdom 15 16 nbsp Duck shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim Marduk Kassite from Babylon Ancient Orient Museum The one at the urfa museum is in this same tradition of mesopotamian duck weights A one manna weight in the shape of a duck now held at the Urfa Museum is inscribed with the name of an official of Akkadian ruler Shu durul was recovered from a looted context in Titris Hoyuk 17 nbsp Transcription of the inscription on the flange of the votive hammer of Shu turul 18 12 19 nbsp Shu turul in the Akkadian family treeExternal links EditKnown inscriptions of Shu turulSources Edit Sumerian Dictionary oracc iaas upenn edu a b Gadd C J Cyril John 1921 The early dynasties of Sumer and Akkad London Luzac amp co p Plate III BM 114703 Handbook To Life In Ancient Mesopotamia by Stephen Bertman Donald M Matthews The Early Glyptic of Tell Brak Cylinder Seals of Third Millennium Syria 1997 p 15 Who s Who in the Ancient Near East by Gwendolyn Leick M Molina The palace of Adab during the Sargonic period D Wicke ed Der Palast im antiken und islamischen Orient Colloquien der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft 9 Wiesbaden Harrassowitz pp 151 20 2019 a b c d Douglas R Frayne Akkad The Sargonic and Gutian Periods 2334 2113 pp 5 218 University of Toronto Press 1993 ISBN 0 8020 0593 4 CDLI Found Texts cdli ucla edu CDLI Archival View cdli ucla edu Gibson McGuire A Re Evaluation of the Akkad Period in the Diyala Region on the Basis of Recent Excavations at Nippur and in the Hamrin American Journal of Archaeology vol 86 no 4 pp 531 38 1982 BM 114703 a b c Shu turul mace British Museum BM 114703 CDLI Archival View cdli ucla edu F Pomponio G Visicato A Westenholz Le tavolette cuneiformidi Adab delle collezioni della Banca d Italia Vol I Roma 2006 Kogan L and Markina K R Hasselbach Sargonic Akkadian A Historical and Comparative Study of the Syllabic Texts Babel und Bibel 3 Annual of Ancient Near Eastern Old Testament and Semitic Studies edited by Leonid E Kogan Natalia Koslova Sergey Loesov and Serguei Tishchenko University Park USA Penn State University Press pp 555 588 2006 T Matney Urban planning and the archaeology of society at Early Bronze Age Titris Hoyuk In D C Hopkins Hrsg Across the Anatolian Plateau Readings in the archaeology of ancient Turkey The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 57 pp 19 34 Boston 2002 BM 114703 Pognon January 1913 Journal asiatique ou recueil de memoires d extraits et de notices relatifs a l histoire a la philosophie aux sciences a la litterature et aux langues des peuples orientaux publie par la Societe asiatique Gallica 418 430 Regnal titlesPreceded byDudu King of AkkadKing of Kish Uruk Lagash and UmmaOverlord of Elamca 2168 2154 BC Middle Succeeded by Gutian Dynasty Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shu turul amp oldid 1169982619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
