The Mexican Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Mexico, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, his Curia in Rome and the national Mexican Episcopal Conference. According to the Mexican census, Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Mexico, practiced by 77.7% of the population in 2020.[1] A Statistica survey suggests this number could be lower, suggesting Catholics could make up only 72% of the nation.[2]
The history of the Catholic Church in Mexico can be divided into distinct periods, the basic division being between colonial Mexico, known as New Spain and the national period, from Mexican independence in 1821 until the current era.[citation needed]
The era of the military conquest in the early sixteenth century saw the Church's huge effort to evangelize the indigenous population of Mexico in what is termed "the spiritual conquest". As the Spanish Empire expanded into new territories, the incorporation of the indigenous population was a priority for the crown. The growth of the Spanish and mixed-race urban population of Mexico prompted the establishment of the episcopal hierarchy, under the patronage of the monarch and the creation of dioceses in Mexico.[citation needed]
In the national period, following independence in early nineteenth century, Mexico established a legal framework that continued the privileged status of the Catholic Church as official and unique religion. La Reforma of the late 1850s sparked an extended period of violent conflict between the conservative supporters of the old order and liberals who sought to displace and diminish the power of the Church. The Mexican Revolution was won by largely anticlericalConstitutionalists and the Church's role in Mexico was restricted constitutionally.[3]
After a period of violent open conflict over religious matters, Church-state relations returned to a modus vivendi while the anticlerical constitutional framework remained in place. Expansion of Catholic participation in the establishment of religious educational institutions and the creation of a conservative political party, the National Action Party, was an important characteristic of the late twentieth century. A new constitutional framework was created in 1992, which reiterated the separation between the Catholic Church and the state and lifted most but not all restrictions[which?] on religious freedom and the activities of the Catholic Church in Mexico.[3]
The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian church, and its largest religious grouping. The 2020 census reported that Mexico had some 97,864,220 Catholics, which equates to approximately 78% of the total population,[1] making it the second largest Catholic country in the world after Brazil. The country is divided into 18 Ecclesiastical provinces, containing a total of 90 dioceses. There are 15,700 diocesan priests and 46,000 men and women in religious orders.
José Garibi y Rivera was the first Mexican cardinal of the Catholic Church. Javier Lozano Barragán having served 10 years as a cardinal-deacon, was promoted to Cardinal Priest of Santa Dorotea by Pope Francis on 12 June 2014. Pope Francis selected 15 new cardinals for the Church in January 2015, one of whom was for Mexico in the archdiocese of Morelia. Alberto Suárez Inda is Morelia's first cardinal. According to an Associated Press story, he "has helped mediate political conflicts and kidnappings in one of Mexico's most violence-plagued states".[4] On 7 December 2017, Pope Francis named Cardinal Carlos Aguiar Retes Archbishop of Mexico to succeed Norberto Rivera Carrera, "a pastor who had as many detractors as supporters" after 22 years in the post.[5][6] His installation was scheduled for 5 February 2018.[7]The Tablet said the appointment was not a surprise because Aguiar is "a towering ecclesial figure in Central and Latin America".[8]
^ abDíaz Domínguez, Alejandro (February 1, 2021). "¿Qué nos dice el Censo 2020 sobre religión en México?". Nexos (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-06-18.
^"Main religion affiliations in Mexico". Statista. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
^ abRoberto Blancarte, “Recent Changes in Church-State Relations in Mexico: An Historical Approach.” Journal of Church & State, Autumn 1993, vol. 35. No. 4.
^Associated Press, "Pope's selection of 15 new cardinals reflects church's diversity, growth." The Washington Post January 5, 2015, p. A7.
^Beltramo Álvarez, Andrés (7 December 2017). "Cardinal Carlos Aguiar Retes is Mexico's new primate". La Stampa. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^Rodríguez, Juan Carlos (8 December 2017). "Aguiar hallará una Arquidiócesis Primada en ruinas". Eje Central (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^"Confirma El Vaticano a Aguiar; el relevo se realizará el 5 de febrero". Excelsior (in Spanish). 8 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^Lamb, Christopher (7 December 2017). "Pope Names New Archbishops of Paris and Mexico City". The Tablet. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
^ abc"Papa Francisco aprueba creación de tres nuevas diócesis en México" [Pope Francis approves creation of three new dioceses in Mexico], El Segundero (in Spanish)
^"The Museum of the San Fernando Valley: Claretville Novitiate in Calabasas". museumsanfernandovalley.blogspot.com. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
Blancarte, Roberto. Historia de la Iglesia Católico en México. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económico / El Colegio de Méxiquense 1992.
Cuevas, Mariano, S.J. Historia de la Iglesia de México. 5 vols. 1921–28.
Mecham, J. Lloyd. Church and State in Latin America (revised edition). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1966.
Schmitt, Karl. The Roman Catholic Church in Modern Latin America. New York 1972.
Colonial Era (1519–1821)edit
Baudot, Georges. Utopia and History in Mexico: The First Chroniclers of Mexican Civilization, 1520–1569. University of Colorado Press 1995.
Brading, D.A. Mexican Phoenix: Our Lady of Guadalupe: Image and Tradition across Five Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2001.
Burkhart, Louise. The Slippery Earth: Nahua-Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 1989.
Cline, Sarah. "Church and State: Habsburg New Spain,” in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol. 1, p. 248-50. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
Cline, Sarah. "Church and State: Bourbon New Spain,” in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol. 1, p. 250-53. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
Cline, Sarah. "The Spiritual Conquest Re-Examined: Baptism and Church Marriage in Early Colonial Mexico." Hispanic American Historical Review 73:3(1993) pp. 453–80.
Costeloe, Michael. Church Wealth in Mexico: A Study of the Juzgado de Capellanías in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800–1856. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1967.
Farriss, N.M. Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico, 1759–1821. London: Athlone Press 1958.
Greenleaf, Richard. The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century, 1536–1543. Washington DC: Academy of American Franciscan History 1962.
Gruzinski, Serge. The Conquest of Mexico: The Incorporation of Indian Societies into the Western World 16th-18th Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993.
Kubler, George. Mexican Architecture of the Sixteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press 1948.
Morgan, Ronald J. Spanish American Saints and the Rhetoric of Identity, 1600–1810. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2002.
Phelan, John Leddy. The Millennial Kingdom of the Franciscans in the New World. Berkeley: University of California Press 1970.
Poole, Stafford. Pedro Moya de Contreras. Berkeley: University of California Press 1987.
Poole, Stafford. Our Lady of Guadalulpe: The Origins and Sources of a Mexican National Symbol, 1531–1797. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Ricard, Robert. The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico. Translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press 1966. (originally published in French in 1933).
Schwaller, John Frederick. Church and Clergy in Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1987.
Schwaller, John Frederick. The Origins of Church Wealth in Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1985.
Taylor, William B. Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1996.
von Germeten, Nicole. Black Blood Brothers: Confraternities and Social Mobility for Afro-Mexicans. Gainesville: University of Florida Press 2006.
Nineteenth Centuryedit
Bazant, Jan. Alienation of Church Wealth in Mexico: Social and Economic Aspects of the Liberal Revolution, 1856–1875. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1971.
Callcott, Wilfred Hardy. Church and State in Mexico, 1822–1857. Durham: Duke University Press 1926.
Ceballos Ramírez, Manuel. "La Encíclica Rerum Novarum y los Trabajadores Católicos en la Ciudad de México, 1891–1913." Historia Mexicana 33:1 (July–September 1983).
Costeloe, Michael P. Church and State in Independent Mexico: A Study of the Patronage Debate, 1821–1857. London: Royal Historical Society 1978.
Mijanos y González, Pablo. The Lawyer of the Church: Bishop Clemente de Jesús Munguía and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 2015.
Schmitt, Karl M. " Catholic Adjustment to the Secular State: The Case of Mexico, 1867–1911." Catholic Historical ReviewXLVIII No. 2 (July 1962) 182–204.
Scholes, Walter V. "Church and state in the Mexican Constitutional Convention, 1856-57." The Americas IV No. 2. (Oct. 1947), pp. 151–74.
Twentieth Century and Third Millenniumedit
Bailey, David C. Viva Cristo Rey!: The Cristero Rebellion and Church-State Conflict in Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press 1974.
Bantjes, Adrian. "Idolatry and Iconoclasm in Revolutionary Mexico: The Dechristianization Campaigns, 1929–1940." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 13:1 (winter 1997), pp. 87–120.
Blancarte, Roberto. "Recent Changes in Church-State Relations in Mexico: An Historical Approach," Journal of Church & State, autumn 1993, Vol 35. Issue 4.
Butler, Matthew. "Keeping the Faith in Revolutionary Mexico: Clerical and Lay Resistance to Religious Persecution, East Michoacán, 1926–1929." The Americas 59:1 July 2002, 9-32.
Camp, Roderic Ai. Crossing Swords: Politics and Religion in Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press 1997.
Ceballos Ramírez, Manuel. El Catolicismo Social: Un Tercero en Discordia, Rerum Novarum, la 'Cuestión Social,' y la Movilización de los Católicos Mexicanos (1891–1911). Mexico: El Colegio de México 1991.
Chand, Vikram K. Mexico's Political Awakening. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press 2001.
Ellis, L. Elthan. "Dwight Morrow and the Church-State Controversy in Mexico." Hispanic American Historical Review Vol 38, 4 (Nov. 1958), 482–505.
Espinosa, David. Jesuit Student Groups, the Universidad Iberoamericana, and Political Resistance in Mexico, 1913–1979. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2014.
Jrade, Ramón, "Inquiries into the Cristero Insurrection Against the Mexican Revolution." Latin American Research Review 20:2 (1985.
Mabry, Donald J. Mexico's Acción Nacional: A Catholic Alternative to Revolution. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press 1973.
Meyer, Jean. La Cristiada. 3 vols. Mexico City: Siglo XXI (1985).
Meyer, Jean. The Cristero Rebellion: Mexican People Between Church and State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1976.
Muro, Victor Gabriel. Iglesia y movimientos sociales en México, 1972–1987. Mexico: Colegio de Michoacán 1994.
Muro, Victor Gabriel. "Catholic Church: Mexico" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, 219–222.
Purnell, Jennie. "The Cristero Rebellion" in Encyclopedia of Mexico. vol. 1. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, 374–377.
Purnell, Jennie. Popular Movements and State Formation in Revolutionary Mexico: The Agraristas and Cristeros of Michoacán. Durham: Duke University Press 1999.
Quirk, Robert E. The Mexican Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1910–1929. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1973.
Rice, Elizabeth Ann. The Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Mexico as Affected by the Struggle for Religious Liberty in Mexico, 1925-29. Washington DC 1959.
Sherman, John W. "Liberation Theology" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1, 742–45. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
Vargas, Jorge A. "Freedom of Religion and Public Worship in Mexico: A Legal Commentary on the 1992 Federal Act on Religious Matters," BYU Law Review Volume 421 (1998), Issue 2, article 6.
Wright-Rios, Edward. Revolutions in Mexican Catholicism: Reform and Revolution in Oaxaca, 1887–1934. Durham: Duke University Press 2009.
External linksedit
GigaCatholic, linking to every diocese
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Mexico" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
October 26, 2023
catholic, church, mexico, also, religion, mexico, also, history, mexican, catholic, church, part, worldwide, catholic, church, under, spiritual, leadership, pope, curia, rome, national, mexican, episcopal, conference, according, mexican, census, roman, catholi. See also Religion in Mexico See also History of the Catholic Church in Mexico The Mexican Catholic Church or Catholic Church in Mexico is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope his Curia in Rome and the national Mexican Episcopal Conference According to the Mexican census Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Mexico practiced by 77 7 of the population in 2020 1 A Statistica survey suggests this number could be lower suggesting Catholics could make up only 72 of the nation 2 Catholic Church in MexicoSpanish Iglesia Catolica en MexicoThe Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral TypeNational polityClassificationCatholicOrientationRoman CatholicScriptureBibleTheologyCatholic theologyPolityEpiscopalGovernanceCEMPopeFrancisPresidentFrancisco Robles OrtegaRegionMexicoLanguageSpanish LatinFounderJuan de ZumarragaOriginEarly 16th Century New Spain Spanish EmpireSeparationsProtestantism in MexicoMembers97 864 220 2020 Official websiteCEMThe history of the Catholic Church in Mexico dates from the period of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire 1519 1521 and it has continued as an institution in Mexico into the twenty first century In the late 20th century Eastern Catholic jurisdictions were also established in Mexico In many parts of the country Catholic Christianity is heavily syncretized with folk customs and Aztec Mayan and other pre Columban religions Contents 1 History 2 Organization of the Church in Modern Mexico 2 1 Latin Church hierarchy 2 2 Eastern Catholic jurisdictions 2 3 Regular monastic Catholic Jurisdictions 3 Freedom of religion 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 7 1 General 7 2 Colonial Era 1519 1821 7 3 Nineteenth Century 7 4 Twentieth Century and Third Millennium 8 External linksHistory editMain articles History of the Catholic Church in Mexico Philip of Jesus and Juan Diego nbsp La conversion des Indiens The conversion of the Indians Felipe Santiago Gutierrez 1894 The history of the Catholic Church in Mexico can be divided into distinct periods the basic division being between colonial Mexico known as New Spain and the national period from Mexican independence in 1821 until the current era citation needed The era of the military conquest in the early sixteenth century saw the Church s huge effort to evangelize the indigenous population of Mexico in what is termed the spiritual conquest As the Spanish Empire expanded into new territories the incorporation of the indigenous population was a priority for the crown The growth of the Spanish and mixed race urban population of Mexico prompted the establishment of the episcopal hierarchy under the patronage of the monarch and the creation of dioceses in Mexico citation needed nbsp Basilica of Our Lady of GuadalupeIn the national period following independence in early nineteenth century Mexico established a legal framework that continued the privileged status of the Catholic Church as official and unique religion La Reforma of the late 1850s sparked an extended period of violent conflict between the conservative supporters of the old order and liberals who sought to displace and diminish the power of the Church The Mexican Revolution was won by largely anticlerical Constitutionalists and the Church s role in Mexico was restricted constitutionally 3 After a period of violent open conflict over religious matters Church state relations returned to a modus vivendi while the anticlerical constitutional framework remained in place Expansion of Catholic participation in the establishment of religious educational institutions and the creation of a conservative political party the National Action Party was an important characteristic of the late twentieth century A new constitutional framework was created in 1992 which reiterated the separation between the Catholic Church and the state and lifted most but not all restrictions which on religious freedom and the activities of the Catholic Church in Mexico 3 Organization of the Church in Modern Mexico editSee also Cristero War and Saints of the Cristero War nbsp Map of the states of Mexico by percentage of Catholics nbsp Map of diocese and the ecclesiastical provinces of Mexico updated to 2017 nbsp San Carlos Borromeo Repartiendo Limosna al Pueblo by Jose Salome Pina nbsp Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla with Our Lady of Guadalupe nbsp Enrique Gorostieta Velarde was a Mexican soldier best known for his leadership as a general during the Cristero War nbsp Pope Francis greets the faithful in the Zocalo during his visit to the Palacio Nacional as Head of State of the Holy See nbsp Pope Francis in Mexico City February 13 2016 nbsp Guadalajara Cathedral nbsp Catedral of PueblaThe Catholic Church is the world s largest Christian church and its largest religious grouping The 2020 census reported that Mexico had some 97 864 220 Catholics which equates to approximately 78 of the total population 1 making it the second largest Catholic country in the world after Brazil The country is divided into 18 Ecclesiastical provinces containing a total of 90 dioceses There are 15 700 diocesan priests and 46 000 men and women in religious orders Jose Garibi y Rivera was the first Mexican cardinal of the Catholic Church Javier Lozano Barragan having served 10 years as a cardinal deacon was promoted to Cardinal Priest of Santa Dorotea by Pope Francis on 12 June 2014 Pope Francis selected 15 new cardinals for the Church in January 2015 one of whom was for Mexico in the archdiocese of Morelia Alberto Suarez Inda is Morelia s first cardinal According to an Associated Press story he has helped mediate political conflicts and kidnappings in one of Mexico s most violence plagued states 4 On 7 December 2017 Pope Francis named Cardinal Carlos Aguiar Retes Archbishop of Mexico to succeed Norberto Rivera Carrera a pastor who had as many detractors as supporters after 22 years in the post 5 6 His installation was scheduled for 5 February 2018 7 The Tablet said the appointment was not a surprise because Aguiar is a towering ecclesial figure in Central and Latin America 8 Latin Church hierarchy edit Mexico s ecclesiastical provinces were organized as follows on 28 September 2019 Metropolitan Archdiocese of Acapulco Diocese of Chilpancingo Chilapa Diocese of Ciudad Altamirano Diocese of Tlapa Metropolitan Archdiocese of Antequera Oaxaca Diocese of Puerto Escondido Diocese of Tehuantepec Diocese of Tuxtepec Prelature of Huautla Prelature of Mixes Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chihuahua Diocese of Ciudad Juarez Diocese of Cuauhtemoc Madera Diocese of Nuevo Casas Grandes Diocese of Parral Diocese of Tarahumara Metropolitan Archdiocese of Durango Diocese of Gomez Palacio Diocese of Mazatlan Diocese of Torreon Prelature of El Salto Metropolitan Archdiocese of Guadalajara Diocese of Aguascalientes Diocese of Autlan Diocese of Ciudad Guzman Diocese of Colima Diocese of San Juan de los Lagos Diocese of Tepic Prelature of Jesus Maria Metropolitan Archdiocese of Hermosillo Diocese of Ciudad Obregon Diocese of Culiacan Diocese of Nogales Metropolitan Archdiocese of Xalapa Diocese of Coatzacoalcos Diocese of Cordoba Diocese of Orizaba Diocese of Papantla Diocese of San Andres Tuxtla Diocese of Tuxpan Diocese of Veracruz Metropolitan Archdiocese of Leon Diocese of Celaya Diocese of Irapuato Diocese of Queretaro Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mexico Diocese of Azcapotzalco 9 Diocese of Iztapalapa 9 Diocese of Xochimilco 9 Metropolitan Archdiocese of Monterrey Diocese of Ciudad Victoria Diocese of Linares Diocese of Matamoros Diocese of Nuevo Laredo Diocese of Piedras Negras Diocese of Saltillo Diocese of Tampico Metropolitan Archdiocese of Morelia Diocese of Apatzingan Diocese of Ciudad Lazaro Cardenas Diocese of Tacambaro Diocese of Zamora Archdiocese of Puebla de los Angeles Diocese of Huajuapan de Leon Diocese of Tehuacan Diocese of Tlaxcala Metropolitan Archdiocese of San Luis Potosi Diocese of Ciudad Valles Diocese of Matehuala Diocese of Zacatecas Metropolitan Archdiocese of Toluca Diocese of Atlacomulco Diocese of Cuernavaca Diocese of Tenancingo Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tijuana Diocese of La Paz Diocese of Mexicali Diocese of Ensenada Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tlalnepantla Diocese of Cuautitlan Diocese of Ecatepec Diocese of Izcalli Diocese of Netzahualcoyotl Diocese of Teotihuacan Diocese of Texcoco Diocese of Valle de Chalco Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tulancingo Diocese of Huejutla Diocese of Tula Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tuxtla Gutierrez Diocese of San Cristobal de Las Casas Diocese of Tapachula Metropolitan Archdiocese of Yucatan Diocese of Campeche Diocese of Tabasco Prelature of Cancun Chetumal nbsp Monterrey CathedralEastern Catholic jurisdictions edit There are also separate jurisdictions for specific Eastern particular churches within the Catholic Church in Mexico 1 the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of the Martyrs of Lebanon in Mexico from 1995 immediately subject to the Maronite Patriarch of Antioch the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nuestra Senora del Paraiso in Mexico City from 1988 immediately subject to the Melkite Catholic Patriarch of Antioch the Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico from 1981 exempt i e directly subject to the Holy See Regular monastic Catholic Jurisdictions edit The Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Rome The Claretian Order 10 Freedom of religion editThe constitution declares that Mexico is a secular state and provides for the right to religious freedom 11 In 2023 the country was scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom 12 In the same year the country was ranked as the 38th most difficult place in the world to be a Christian 13 Gallery edit nbsp Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan nbsp Cathedral of Leon Guanajuato nbsp Basilica Cathedral of Mazatlan nbsp Cathedral Basilica of Colima nbsp Basilica of Guadalupe Monterrey nbsp Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe Zamora nbsp Our Lady of Solitude Cathedral Acapulco nbsp Aguascalientes Cathedral nbsp Apatzingan Cathedral nbsp Catedral of Atlacomulco nbsp Autlan Cathedral nbsp Templo Expiatorio del Santisimo Sacramento nbsp Iglesia de Nuestra Senora de los Remedios Cholula nbsp Parish of la Santa Cruz Puebla nbsp Church of Santa Prisca de Taxco nbsp Templo de santo domingo san cristobal de las casas nbsp Templo de San Francisco Javier nbsp Church of Santa Maria Tonantzintla nbsp Church of Santo Domingo de Guzman nbsp Basilica of Nuestra Senora de Soledad nbsp Basilica of San Juan de los Lagos nbsp Catedral of Chihuahua nbsp Catedral of Santa Maria in ChilpancingoSee also editProtestantism in MexicoReferences edit a b Diaz Dominguez Alejandro February 1 2021 Que nos dice el Censo 2020 sobre religion en Mexico Nexos in Spanish Retrieved 2022 06 18 Main religion affiliations in Mexico Statista Retrieved 2022 05 19 a b Roberto Blancarte Recent Changes in Church State Relations in Mexico An Historical Approach Journal of Church amp State Autumn 1993 vol 35 No 4 Associated Press Pope s selection of 15 new cardinals reflects church s diversity growth The Washington Post January 5 2015 p A7 Beltramo Alvarez Andres 7 December 2017 Cardinal Carlos Aguiar Retes is Mexico s new primate La Stampa Retrieved 9 December 2017 Rodriguez Juan Carlos 8 December 2017 Aguiar hallara una Arquidiocesis Primada en ruinas Eje Central in Spanish Retrieved 9 December 2017 Confirma El Vaticano a Aguiar el relevo se realizara el 5 de febrero Excelsior in Spanish 8 December 2017 Retrieved 9 December 2017 Lamb Christopher 7 December 2017 Pope Names New Archbishops of Paris and Mexico City The Tablet Retrieved 9 December 2017 a b c Papa Francisco aprueba creacion de tres nuevas diocesis en Mexico Pope Francis approves creation of three new dioceses in Mexico El Segundero in Spanish The Museum of the San Fernando Valley Claretville Novitiate in Calabasas museumsanfernandovalley blogspot com 30 September 2009 Retrieved 2015 02 07 US State Dept 2022 report Freedom House website retrieved 2023 08 08 Open Doors website retrieved 2023 08 08Bibliography editGeneral edit Blancarte Roberto Historia de la Iglesia Catolico en Mexico Mexico Fondo de Cultura Economico El Colegio de Mexiquense 1992 Cuevas Mariano S J Historia de la Iglesia de Mexico 5 vols 1921 28 Mecham J Lloyd Church and State in Latin America revised edition Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 1966 Schmitt Karl The Roman Catholic Church in Modern Latin America New York 1972 Colonial Era 1519 1821 edit Baudot Georges Utopia and History in Mexico The First Chroniclers of Mexican Civilization 1520 1569 University of Colorado Press 1995 Brading D A Mexican Phoenix Our Lady of Guadalupe Image and Tradition across Five Centuries Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2001 Burkhart Louise The Slippery Earth Nahua Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth Century Mexico Tucson University of Arizona Press 1989 Cline Sarah Church and State Habsburg New Spain in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 p 248 50 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 Cline Sarah Church and State Bourbon New Spain in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 p 250 53 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 Cline Sarah The Spiritual Conquest Re Examined Baptism and Church Marriage in Early Colonial Mexico Hispanic American Historical Review 73 3 1993 pp 453 80 Costeloe Michael Church Wealth in Mexico A Study of the Juzgado de Capellanias in the Archbishopric of Mexico 1800 1856 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1967 Farriss N M Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico 1759 1821 London Athlone Press 1958 Greenleaf Richard The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century 1536 1543 Washington DC Academy of American Franciscan History 1962 Gruzinski Serge The Conquest of Mexico The Incorporation of Indian Societies into the Western World 16th 18th Centuries Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1993 Kubler George Mexican Architecture of the Sixteenth Century New Haven Yale University Press 1948 Morgan Ronald J Spanish American Saints and the Rhetoric of Identity 1600 1810 Tucson University of Arizona Press 2002 Phelan John Leddy The Millennial Kingdom of the Franciscans in the New World Berkeley University of California Press 1970 Poole Stafford Pedro Moya de Contreras Berkeley University of California Press 1987 Poole Stafford Our Lady of Guadalulpe The Origins and Sources of a Mexican National Symbol 1531 1797 Tucson University of Arizona Press Ricard Robert The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico Translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson Berkeley University of California Press 1966 originally published in French in 1933 Schwaller John Frederick Church and Clergy in Sixteenth Century Mexico Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press 1987 Schwaller John Frederick The Origins of Church Wealth in Mexico Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press 1985 Taylor William B Magistrates of the Sacred Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth Century Mexico Stanford Stanford University Press 1996 von Germeten Nicole Black Blood Brothers Confraternities and Social Mobility for Afro Mexicans Gainesville University of Florida Press 2006 Nineteenth Century edit Bazant Jan Alienation of Church Wealth in Mexico Social and Economic Aspects of the Liberal Revolution 1856 1875 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1971 Callcott Wilfred Hardy Church and State in Mexico 1822 1857 Durham Duke University Press 1926 Ceballos Ramirez Manuel La Enciclica Rerum Novarum y los Trabajadores Catolicos en la Ciudad de Mexico 1891 1913 Historia Mexicana 33 1 July September 1983 Costeloe Michael P Church and State in Independent Mexico A Study of the Patronage Debate 1821 1857 London Royal Historical Society 1978 Mijanos y Gonzalez Pablo The Lawyer of the Church Bishop Clemente de Jesus Munguia and the Clerical Response to the Mexican Liberal Reforma Lincoln University of Nebraska Press 2015 Schmitt Karl M Catholic Adjustment to the Secular State The Case of Mexico 1867 1911 Catholic Historical ReviewXLVIII No 2 July 1962 182 204 Scholes Walter V Church and state in the Mexican Constitutional Convention 1856 57 The Americas IV No 2 Oct 1947 pp 151 74 Twentieth Century and Third Millennium edit Bailey David C Viva Cristo Rey The Cristero Rebellion and Church State Conflict in Mexico Austin University of Texas Press 1974 Bantjes Adrian Idolatry and Iconoclasm in Revolutionary Mexico The Dechristianization Campaigns 1929 1940 Mexican Studies Estudios Mexicanos 13 1 winter 1997 pp 87 120 Blancarte Roberto Recent Changes in Church State Relations in Mexico An Historical Approach Journal of Church amp State autumn 1993 Vol 35 Issue 4 Butler Matthew Keeping the Faith in Revolutionary Mexico Clerical and Lay Resistance to Religious Persecution East Michoacan 1926 1929 The Americas 59 1 July 2002 9 32 Camp Roderic Ai Crossing Swords Politics and Religion in Mexico New York Oxford University Press 1997 Ceballos Ramirez Manuel El Catolicismo Social Un Tercero en Discordia Rerum Novarum la Cuestion Social y la Movilizacion de los Catolicos Mexicanos 1891 1911 Mexico El Colegio de Mexico 1991 Chand Vikram K Mexico s Political Awakening Notre Dame University of Notre Dame Press 2001 Ellis L Elthan Dwight Morrow and the Church State Controversy in Mexico Hispanic American Historical Review Vol 38 4 Nov 1958 482 505 Espinosa David Jesuit Student Groups the Universidad Iberoamericana and Political Resistance in Mexico 1913 1979 Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press 2014 Jrade Ramon Inquiries into the Cristero Insurrection Against the Mexican Revolution Latin American Research Review 20 2 1985 Mabry Donald J Mexico s Accion Nacional A Catholic Alternative to Revolution Syracuse Syracuse University Press 1973 Meyer Jean La Cristiada 3 vols Mexico City Siglo XXI 1985 Meyer Jean The Cristero Rebellion Mexican People Between Church and State Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1976 Muro Victor Gabriel Iglesia y movimientos sociales en Mexico 1972 1987 Mexico Colegio de Michoacan 1994 Muro Victor Gabriel Catholic Church Mexico in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 219 222 Purnell Jennie The Cristero Rebellion in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 374 377 Purnell Jennie Popular Movements and State Formation in Revolutionary Mexico The Agraristas and Cristeros of Michoacan Durham Duke University Press 1999 Quirk Robert E The Mexican Revolution and the Catholic Church 1910 1929 Bloomington Indiana University Press 1973 Rice Elizabeth Ann The Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Mexico as Affected by the Struggle for Religious Liberty in Mexico 1925 29 Washington DC 1959 Sherman John W Liberation Theology in Encyclopedia of Mexico vol 1 742 45 Chicago Fitzroy Dearborn 1997 Vargas Jorge A Freedom of Religion and Public Worship in Mexico A Legal Commentary on the 1992 Federal Act on Religious Matters BYU Law Review Volume 421 1998 Issue 2 article 6 Wright Rios Edward Revolutions in Mexican Catholicism Reform and Revolution in Oaxaca 1887 1934 Durham Duke University Press 2009 External links editCatholics in Mexico by state INEGI GigaCatholic linking to every diocese Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Mexico Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Catholic Church in Mexico amp oldid 1174152394, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
